The Impact of CETA Activities on Selected Hampton Roads Manpower Programs: Cost-Benefit Analysis and Utilization-Focused Evaluation

The study examined the effects of Classroom Training, On-the-Job Training, Work Experience, and JobShop programs of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) on the job opportunities, amount of government transfer payments, and criminal activities of the 1982 terminees. The purposes of the program were to determine (1) program cost-effectiveness; (2) which program components operate at higher levels of efficiency; and (3) which selected client characteristics influenced program results. The evaluation described program success in terms of increased job opportunities and reductions in government transfer payments for CETA participants in the Hampton/Newport News area. Comparisons were made of the employment records, criminal records, and the amount of government transfer payments of CETA terminees and a Control Group of eligible applicants who did not participate in the program. The CETA program was responsible for an increase in tax contributions and reductions in criminal justice system costs. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that CETA was cost-effective for the sample of 1982 terminees when taxpayer contributions will be paid back in approximately five years. Classroom Training, On-the-Job Training, and JobShop significantly increased the job placement and wage rates of the 1982 terminees. While the effects of Work Experience were positive, the results were not considered substantial. The effects of race, age, education, and sex varied among the different program activities, and securing unsubsidized employment upon termination was the major factor influencing the employment opportunities of the 1982 terminees. Since CETA did reduce the arrest rate of the participants by 50 percent during the first post-program year, and since the crimes committed by the Comparison Group were more serious, evidence does exist that CETA reduced the criminal activities of the terminees selected for the study

Firearms accidents in sixteenth-century England

Source material for the use of firearms in sixteenth-century England outside military contexts is sparse. This article uses coroners’ inquest reports to examine who used guns of what types, for what purposes, in different parts of England and at different phases of their diffusion. Artisans were prominent among early adopters, but by the end of the century yeomen were the most frequent gun owners. It shows what hazards guns with different firing mechanisms such as matchlocks and snaphances presented, the steps users took to mitigate such risks, and the severity of gunshot wounds, which caused two-thirds of victims of fatal firearms accidents to die instantly

Zespół fioletowego worka na mocz w opiece paliatywnej

The purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS ) is a rare phenomenon consisting of a urine discolouration in patients with long term urinary catheterization who develop urinary tract infection. The main risk factors are: elderly age, female sex, chronic constipation, alkaline urine with high bacterial levels and bedridden status. It occurs when the product of the amino acid tryptophan is metabolized to indoxyl sulfate. This substance due to bacterial enzyme reactions and in the alkaline environment gets oxygenized to indigo (blue) and indirubin (red), which precipitate in the urine and on to the synthetic material of the urinary catheter and urine bag, resulting in the characteristic purple color. We present a case of an 85-year-old woman who was deteriorating from advanced cancer (colon cancer with liver cirrhosis) who developed purple urine bag syndrome.Zespół fioletowego worka na mocz (PUBS, purple urine bag syndrome) to rzadkie zjawisko polegające na przebarwieniu moczu związane z zakażeniem układu moczowego u pacjentów z założonym cewnikiem do pęcherza moczowego. Czynniki predysponujące do jego wystąpienia to płeć żeńska, podeszły wiek, przewlekłe zaparcia, zasadowy odczyn moczu, bakteriuria i unieruchomienie związane z chorobą przewlekłą. Zespół fioletowego worka na mocz występuje, kiedy produkty przemiany tryptofanu ulegają przekształceniom metabolicznym do indykanu (siarczan-3-indoksylu). Indykan w obecności tlenu i wysokiego pH ulega przemianie do błękitu indygo (kolor niebieski) i indirubiny (kolor czerwony). Obydwa barwniki mieszają sięi reagują z syntetycznymi materiałami, z których wykonany jest worek cewnika, co powoduje charakterystyczne fioletowe zabarwienie moczu, cewnika urologicznego i worka na mocz. W pracy opisano przypade 85-letniej kobiety z rozpzonaniem nowotworu jelita grubego i marskości wątroby, u której wystąpił PUBS.Palliat Med Pract 2018; 12, 4: 214–21

The material culture of English rural households c.1250-1600

Drawing on archaeological and historical evidence, which comprises objects recovered from archaeological excavations, Escheators’ records from the 14th and 15th centuries and Coroners’ records from the 16th century, this is the first comprehensive analysis of the possessions of non-elite households in medieval England

The Influence of Generic Airspace on Air Traffic Controller Performance

The generic sector evaluated in this study was based on a four-comer post operation typically used in many terminal areas in the United States. Anival aircraft originated from one of four arrival fixes just outside the sector boundaries. These arrival routes can be thought of as spokes of a wheel with the main airport site as the hub. In addition to the main airport, there were three satellite airports that were under radar control. Departure aircraft from the main and satellite airports were sent directly to one of four departure fixes located outside the sector boundaries. Eleven air traffic controllers from the Atlantic City TRACON participated in the study. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center's Human Factors Laboratory at the Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey. The experimental apparatus consisted of a high fidelity air traffic control simulator with voice communication equipment to allow controllers to issue commands to remote simulation pilots. The results showed significantly lower Air Traffic Workload Input Technique (ATWIT) ratings by the last generic nm compared to the first generic nm on the first-day training nms. Time under control and the distance flown by the aircraft significantly decreased by the last training nm. Controller ratings of workload and stress were also significantly lower by the last generic run. In addition, post-scenario questionnaire ratings for ability to plan, exchange information, and prioritize were significantly higher by the last nm. Correlations between scores on the generic sector and the Atlantic City sector were significant for the over-the-shoulder ratings, ATWIT ratings, and post-scenario questionnaire ratings. Final questionnaire comments indicated that the participants thought the generic sector was representative of a typical terminal environment

Risk Governance of Emerging Technologies Demonstrated in Terms of its Applicability to Nanomaterials

Nanotechnologies have reached maturity and market penetration that require nano-specific changes in legislation and harmonization among legislation domains, such as the amendments to REACH for nanomaterials (NMs) which came into force in 2020. Thus, an assessment of the components and regulatory boundaries of NMs risk governance is timely, alongside related methods and tools, as part of the global efforts to optimise nanosafety and integrate it into product design processes, via Safe(r)-by-Design (SbD) concepts. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding risk governance of NMs and lays out the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of an effective, trustworthy and transparent risk governance framework for NMs. The proposed framework enables continuous integration of the evolving state of the science, leverages best practice from contiguous disciplines and facilitates responsive re-thinking of nanosafety governance to meet future needs. To achieve and operationalise such framework, a science-based Risk Governance Council (RGC) for NMs is being developed. The framework will provide a toolkit for independent NMs' risk governance and integrates needs and views of stakeholders. An extension of this framework to relevant advanced materials and emerging technologies is also envisaged, in view of future foundations of risk research in Europe and globally

ICRH operations and experiments during the JET-ILW tritium and DTE2 campaigns

2021 has culminated with the completion of the JET-ILW DTE2 experimental campaign. This contribution summarizes Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) operations from system and physics point of view. Improvements to the (ICRH) system, to operation procedures and to real time RF power control were implemented to address specific constraints from tritium and deuterium-tritium operations and increase the system reliability and power availability during D-T pulses. ICRH was operated without the ITER-Like Antenna (ILA) because water leaked from an in-vessel capacitor into the vessel on day-2 of the D-T campaign. Three weeks were required to identify and isolate the leak and resume plasma operations. Dedicated RF-Plasma Wall Interaction (PWI) experiments were conducted; tritium plasmas exhibit a higher level of Be sputtering on the outer wall and impurity content when compared to deuterium or hydrogen plasmas. The JET-DTE2 campaigns provided the opportunity to characterize ICRH schemes foreseen for the ITER operation, in the ITER like wall environment in ELMy H-mode scenarios aiming at maximizing fusion performance. The second harmonic tritium resonance heating and to a lesser extent minority 3He heating (ITER D-T ICRH reference schemes) lead to improved ion temperature and fusion performance when compared to hydrogen minority ICRH. However, these discharges suffered from a lack of stationarity and gradual impurity accumulation potentially because of a deficit of ICRH power when using JET antennas at lower frequencies. Fundamental deuterium ICRH was used in tritium-rich plasmas and with deuterium Neutral Beam Heating; this ICRH scheme proved to be very efficient boosting ion temperature and fusion performance in these plasmas