273 research outputs found
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ 3-Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4(1H)-ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²
4-Hydroxy-/4-oxo tautomerism in the series of 3-substituted 2-methyl-quinolin-4(1H)-ones has been studied by 13C NMR-spectroscopy and quantum-chemical methods in various approximations (restricted Hartree-Fock method, DFT and MP2) for the isolated molecules and for solutions using empirical correction of effects for solvents (PCM COSMO procedure). Substituents that are different in their nature have no significant influence on the value of the chemical shift of carbon in position C4 of the quinolone cycle. The only exception is the carbon shielding associated with the bromine atom in the molecule of 3-bromo-2-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-4-one. Significant deshielding detected in all cases in 13C NMR-spectra of the carbon nuclei in position 4 of the ring is in favour of the existence of all derivatives studied as 4-oxo forms in DMSO-d6 solution. The experimental and calculated values for the chemical shift of carbon in position C4 of 4-oxo and 4-hydroxy isomers differ considerably and can be used as a criterion for assigning quinolin-4 (1H)-ones to a particular tautomeric form.Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π―ΠΠ 13Π‘ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
(ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π₯Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ-Π€ΠΎΠΊΠ°, DFT ΠΈ ΠΠ 2) Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° Π Π‘Π COSMO) ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° 4-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ 4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
3-Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-4(1Π)-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π‘4 Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π΅ 3-Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎ-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-4-oΠ½Π°. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π·ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π―ΠΠ 13Π‘ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² 4-ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°, Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π² DMSO-d6 Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ 4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π‘4 Π΄Π»Ρ 4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ- ΠΈ 4-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-4(1Π)-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅.ΠΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π―ΠΠ 13Π‘ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
(ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π₯Π°ΡΡΡΡ-Π€ΠΎΠΊΠ°, DFT Ρ ΠΠ 2) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° Π Π‘Π COSMO) Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° 4-Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
3-Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4(1Π)-ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². Π ΡΠ·Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π‘4 Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π· Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ 3-Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎ-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4-oΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π΅ Ρ Π²ΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π―ΠΠ 13Π‘ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΡ Π² 4-ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² DMSO-d6 Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ 4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π‘4 Π΄Π»Ρ 4-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ- Ρ 4-Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4 (1Π)-ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏβΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ½Π³ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ 2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ², Π·Π²βΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π· ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½-5-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ
The 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives of 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-4-one have been synthesized by alkylation of methylene active compounds with 3-dimethylaminomethyl-2-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-4-one. These compounds are the convenient starting material for creating the new chemical libraries in the series of 3-heteryl substituted 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-4-ones. In this work the examples of the synthesis of new quinolone-pyrazolone systems are presented. Their condensation with hydrazine hydrate resulted in the new derivatives of 2-methyl-3-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-ones. The estimation of novelty of the compounds obtained in such chemical databases as PubChem, ChemBl, Spresi has shown that these substances are not present in these sources, and the chemical scaffold β quinolone bound via the methylene bridge with azoles is new. Determination of 2D similarity of the compounds synthesized by standard molecular descriptors with the biologically active structures in the ChemBl_20 database has shown the uniqueness of a new quinolone scaffold and the potential anti-inflammatory activity for compounds of this series. The molecular similarity has been determined using the ChemAxon software (JKlustor, Instant JChem).ΠΠ»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 3-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ- Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 1,3-Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ 2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ°Π½- Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ 3-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ 2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-3-[(5-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-4,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1H-ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-4-ΠΈΠ»)ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»]-1,4- Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π±Π°Π·Π°ΠΌ PubChem, ChemBl ΠΈ Spresi ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
, Π° Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΄ β Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½, ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊ Ρ Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2D ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ChemBl_20 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΄Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ChemAxon (JKlustor, Instant JChem).ΠΠ»ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ 3-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 1,3-Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ 2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π·ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Ρ- ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠ±Π»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ 3-Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,4-Π΄ΠΈ- Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². Π£ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½- ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π· Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ 2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-3-[(5- ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-4,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ-1H-ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»-4-ΡΠ»)ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»]-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-4-ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π·Π° Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ PubChem, ChemBl Ρ Spresi ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°, ΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ
; Π° Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΄ β Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½, Π·βΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π· Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ 2D ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π· Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ChemBl_20 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΄Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ChemAxon (JKlustor, Instant JChem)
Damages Identification in the Cantilever-based on the Parameters of the Natural Oscillations
An approach to parametric identification of damages such as cracks in the rod cantilever construction is described. The identification method is based on analysis of shapes of the natural oscillations. The analytic modelling is performed in the Maple software on the base of the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis. Crack is modelled by an elastic bending element. Transverse oscillations of the rod are considered. We take into account first four eigen modes of the oscillations. Parameters of amplitude, curvature and angle of bends of the waveforms are analysed. It was established that damage location is revealed by βkinkβ on corresponding curves of the waveforms. The parameters of oscillation shapes are sensitive to the crack parameters in different degree. The novelty of the approach consists in that the identification procedure is divided into two stages: (a) it is determined the crack location, and (b) it is determined the crack size. Based on analytical modelling, an example of determination of dependence of the crack parameters on its size in the cantilever rod is presented. Study of features of the waveforms during identification of the fracture parameters shows that the features found in the form of βkinksβ and local extreme a of the angle between the tangent and curvature of waveforms for different modes of bending oscillations, define the crack location in cantilever. They can serve as one of diagnostic signs of crack identification and allow us to determine its location.Β
Reflection groups in hyperbolic spaces and the denominator formula for Lorentzian Kac--Moody Lie algebras
This is a continuation of our "Lecture on Kac--Moody Lie algebras of the
arithmetic type" \cite{25}.
We consider hyperbolic (i.e. signature ) integral symmetric bilinear
form (i.e. hyperbolic lattice), reflection group
, fundamental polyhedron \Cal M of and an acceptable
(corresponding to twisting coefficients) set P({\Cal M})\subset M of vectors
orthogonal to faces of \Cal M (simple roots). One can construct the
corresponding Lorentzian Kac--Moody Lie algebra {\goth g}={\goth
g}^{\prime\prime}(A(S,W,P({\Cal M}))) which is graded by .
We show that \goth g has good behavior of imaginary roots, its denominator
formula is defined in a natural domain and has good automorphic properties if
and only if \goth g has so called {\it restricted arithmetic type}. We show
that every finitely generated (i.e. P({\Cal M}) is finite) algebra {\goth
g}^{\prime\prime}(A(S,W_1,P({\Cal M}_1))) may be embedded to {\goth
g}^{\prime\prime}(A(S,W,P({\Cal M}))) of the restricted arithmetic type. Thus,
Lorentzian Kac--Moody Lie algebras of the restricted arithmetic type is a
natural class to study.
Lorentzian Kac--Moody Lie algebras of the restricted arithmetic type have the
best automorphic properties for the denominator function if they have {\it a
lattice Weyl vector }. Lorentzian Kac--Moody Lie algebras of the
restricted arithmetic type with generalized lattice Weyl vector are
called {\it elliptic}Comment: Some corrections in Sects. 2.1, 2.2 were done. They don't reflect on
results and ideas. 31 pages, no figures. AMSTe
RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH VISCERAL OBESITY
Aim. To invent a model for coronary atherosclerosis risk prediction in patients with visceral obesity and to conduct comparison research for this model with the other known Framingham and PROCAM.Material and methods. Totally 67 men included, of the age 40-65 (50,95Β±6,54 y.o.) without angina pectoris and clinical signs of another localization atherosclerosis. Patients had general obesity of I-III grade with BMI 35,16Β±3,32 kg/m , and visceral obesity by the thickness of epicaridal fat >7 mm. After coronary arteriography or multidetector computed tomography of coronary arteries we selected 2 comparison groups: group I (n=25) β patients with coronary atherosclerosis, group II (n=42) β without. For the invention of the prognostic score we used regression model with regression and optimal scaling.Results. Potential predictors of coronary atherosclerosis riskas a result of two groups comparison were: arterial hypertension, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin and C-rective protein. As the result of regression analysis each predictor got its own significance mark. The rate of correctclassifications reached 79,1% that shows good prognostic value of this regression model. While using Framingham and PROCAM model the prognostic value of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was 24,6% and 21,6% lower, resp., than the new risk assessment. Conclusion. The model invented of the risk assessment in visceral obesity patients makes it possible to take into account the main pathogenetic mechanisms that connect obesity and coronary atherosclerosis
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² 3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌ-2-Ρ Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²
Antitubercular drugs are used for a number of decades. In each country where research is conducted strains of mycobacteria that are resistant to one or more drugs have been registered, and it causes tuberculosis with multi-drug resistance (MDR-TB). These strains of M. tuberculosis at least are not sensitive to isoniazid and rifampicin β two most powerful first-line antitubercular drugs. MDR-TB can be treated and cured using the second choice drugs. However, these treatment options are limited and require extensive chemotherapy (the treatment duration is up to two years) with drugs which are of high cost and toxicity. In some cases, a more dangerous drug resistance may develop. Tuberculosis with extensive drug resistance (EDR-TB) is more severe form of MDR-TB caused by bacteria that do not respond to the most effective antitubercular drugs of the second choice with which there are often no any further treatment options for patients. Therefore, the search and development of drugs with the antitubercular activity are important today.Aim. To synthesize and study dibromo-substituted derivatives of ortho-chlorobenzoic acids as potential substances with the antitubercular action.Materials and methods. Hydrazides of 3,5-dibromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid were obtained by two methods β by hydrazinolysis of acid chlorides of the corresponding acids (method 1) and by interaction of 3,5-dibromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid with hydrazines in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole (method 2).Results and discussion. It has been found that the synthesis of hydrazides by method 2 allows obtaining the target compounds with a high yield.Conclusions. According to the literature data the compounds synthesized are promising for the pharmacological screening on the antitubercular activity.ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ (ΠΠΠ£-Π’Π). ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ M. tuberculosis ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ β Π΄Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΠ£-Π’Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π»Π΅Ρ) ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π’ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π· Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ (Π¨ΠΠ£-Π’Π) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ£-Π’Π, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΎ-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄Ρ 3,5 Π΄ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌ-2-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ β Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ (ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± 1) ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌ-2-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π΄ΠΈΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° (ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± 2).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ 2 ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ.ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡ. Π£ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ, Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΎ Π·ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ (ΠΠΠ‘-Π’Π). Π¦Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ M. tuberculosis ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ β Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
Π½Π°ΠΉΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΠ‘-Π’Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π³Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΡ (Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ²) ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ. Π£ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ. Π’ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ· Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ (Π¨ΠΠ‘-Π’Π) Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡ ΠΠΠ‘-Π’Π, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ² Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΎ-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΉ Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ 3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌ-2-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ β Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ (ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ± 1) ΡΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ 3,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠΌ-2-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π· Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»Π΄ΡΡΠΌΡΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ (ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ± 2).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ 2 Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π· Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.Β ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π· Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ.
Crossings, Motzkin paths and Moments
Kasraoui, Stanton and Zeng, and Kim, Stanton and Zeng introduced certain
-analogues of Laguerre and Charlier polynomials. The moments of these
orthogonal polynomials have combinatorial models in terms of crossings in
permutations and set partitions. The aim of this article is to prove simple
formulas for the moments of the -Laguerre and the -Charlier polynomials,
in the style of the Touchard-Riordan formula (which gives the moments of some
-Hermite polynomials, and also the distribution of crossings in matchings).
Our method mainly consists in the enumeration of weighted Motzkin paths, which
are naturally associated with the moments. Some steps are bijective, in
particular we describe a decomposition of paths which generalises a previous
construction of Penaud for the case of the Touchard-Riordan formula. There are
also some non-bijective steps using basic hypergeometric series, and continued
fractions or, alternatively, functional equations.Comment: 21 page
How Russian Rap on YouTube Advances Alternative Political Deliberation: Hegemony, Counter- Hegemony, and Emerging Resistant Publics
The late 2010s have seen the unprecedented rise of Russian rap culture on YouTube. This study delves into the unexplored area of the relationship between rap music, politics, and the Internet audience in Russia. It focuses on the analysis of the production of the most popular rap videosβtheir narratives, power relations, and socio-political themes, as well as the prevailing patterns in the discussion on socio-political issues by the YouTube audience. The study brings three contributions that identify the power relations in the Russian society that manifest in the field of rap music. First, the Russian-speaking users demonstrate a high level of criticality toward the pro-Kremlin rap music on YouTube and challenge the lies of propaganda rap. Second, pro-government rappers follow the Soviet authoritarian ethos and praise belonging to the collective of elites, while liberal ones adhere to the individual responsibility. Third, we demonstrate the prevalence of patriarchal gender values, including macho politics and unquestioned sexism, which are representative of gender politics in the country. This article proves the importance of socio-political commentary on YouTube and points to the rap videos as the popular hubs for the socio-political debates. Users flow to rap videos and utilize the comment section to have their say on the political context and power relations rather than the music, to engage with others, and to contribute to the emerging collective debate. The comment sections on these rap videos have a unique value for the Russian users who exploit them as the negotiation space in the void of other platforms for social dialogue in Russia
Analytic structure factors and pair-correlation functions for the unpolarized homogeneous electron gas
We propose a simple and accurate model for the electron static structure
factors (and corresponding pair-correlation functions) of the 3D unpolarized
homogeneous electron gas. Our spin-resolved pair-correlation function is built
up with a combination of analytic constraints and fitting procedures to quantum
Monte Carlo data, and, in comparison to previous attempts (i) fulfills more
known integral and differential properties of the exact pair-correlation
function, (ii) is analytic both in real and in reciprocal space, and (iii)
accurately interpolates the newest, extensive diffusion-Monte Carlo data of
Ortiz, Harris and Ballone [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5317 (1999)]. This can be of
interest for the study of electron correlations of real materials and for the
construction of new exchange and correlation energy density functionals.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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