Waarnemingen omtrent den bacteriophaag bij Bac. danicus en B. radicicola

Bacteriophages of Bacillus danicus and Bacterium radicicola were isolated from soil and root nodules. An extensive study was made on the effect of heat in the inactivation of bacteriophage of B. danicus. A chemical analysis of these cultures of B. danicus with or without bacteriophages showed a strong increase of amino and protein N in the supernatant of lysed cultures.Experiments with aseptically-grown clover plants proved that bacteriophages for B. radicicola were absent from the plant. Nodulation of the plant by B. radicicola was not reduced in the presence of bacteriophages

Coevolution of the cell cycle and deferred-use cells

The cell cycle and cell fate decisions are interlinked in a broad range of developmental contexts in many organisms. Coordination of stem cell proliferation and differentiation is essential for normal development, organ homeostasis, and tissue repair through a direct interplay between cell cycle progression and differentiation in somatic stem cells in the skin, brain, gut, and hematopoietic system. The connection between cell cycle and cell fate decisions is present across the whole evolutionary tree. Human embryonic stem cells have an interconnection between cell cycle, self-renewal, and differentiation, while they exert a metastable state with heterogeneity at the single cell level. The cell cycle is tightly intertwined with cell fate decisions in diverse species ranging from yeast to human. Particularly important insight to the processes coordinating cell fate and the cell cycle has been derived from pluripotent stem cells

Pluralistic legal system, pluralistic human rights?: teenage pregnancy, child marriage and legal institutions in Bali

This article examines how the existence of multiple legal orders can impact the defense of human rights, by discussing how state legal agents in Bali navigate state law through local concerns and adat (customary) law in cases dealing with teenage pregnancy outside of marriage. In such “emergencies” where the morality of the community is at stake, families, adat authorities and state agents collaborate to find a way to fit these emergency situations into the locally accepted normative system, resulting in what international institutions call “child marriage.” In assessing the interaction between state law and customary law, this study offers a basis for discussing how legal pluralism should be addressed in the realization of human rights.Effective Protection of Fundamental Rights in a pluralist worl