871 research outputs found
Getting just the Supersymmetric Standard Model at Intersecting Branes on the Z6-orientifold
In this paper, globally N=1 supersymmetric configurations of intersecting
D6-branes on the Z6-orientifold are discussed, involving also fractional
branes. It turns out rather miraculously that one is led almost automatically
to just ONE particular class of 5 stack models containing the SM gauge group,
which all have the same chiral spectrum. The further discussion shows that
these models can be understood as exactly the supersymmetric standard model
without any exotic chiral symmetric/antisymmetric matter. The superpartner of
the Higgs finds a natural explanation and the hypercharge remains massless.
However, the non-chiral spectrum within the model class is very different and
does not in all cases allow for a N=2 low energy field theoretical
understanding of the necessary breaking U(1)xU(1)->U(1) along the Higgs branch,
which is needed in order to get the standard Yukawa couplings. Also the
left-right symmetric models belong to exactly one class of chiral spectra,
where the two kinds of exotic chiral fields can have the interpretation of
forming a composite Higgs. The aesthetical beauty of these models, involving
only non-vanishing intersection numbers of an absolute value three, seems to be
unescapable.Comment: 45 pages, 2 figures, v3:some signs corrected in erratum, conclusions
unchange
(0,2) Target Space Duality, CICYs and Reflexive Sheaves
It is shown that the recently proposed target space duality for (0,2) models
is not limited to models admitting a Landau-Ginzburg description. By studying
some generic examples it is established for the broader class of vector bundles
over complete intersections in toric varieties. Instead of sharing a common
Landau-Ginzburg locus, a pair of dual models agrees in more general
non-geometric phases. The mathematical tools for treating reflexive sheaves are
provided, as well.Comment: 20 pages, TeX, harvma
Calculating Unknown Eigenvalues with a Quantum Algorithm
Quantum algorithms are able to solve particular problems exponentially faster
than conventional algorithms, when implemented on a quantum computer. However,
all demonstrations to date have required already knowing the answer to
construct the algorithm. We have implemented the complete quantum phase
estimation algorithm for a single qubit unitary in which the answer is
calculated by the algorithm. We use a new approach to implementing the
controlled-unitary operations that lie at the heart of the majority of quantum
algorithms that is more efficient and does not require the eigenvalues of the
unitary to be known. These results point the way to efficient quantum
simulations and quantum metrology applications in the near term, and to
factoring large numbers in the longer term. This approach is architecture
independent and thus can be used in other physical implementations
Neural phase locking predicts BOLD response in human auditory cortex
Natural environments elicit both phase-locked and non-phase-locked neural responses to the stimulus in the brain. The interpretation of the BOLD signal to date has been based on an association of the non-phase-locked power of high-frequency local field potentials (LFPs), or the related spiking activity in single neurons or groups of neurons. Previous studies have not examined the prediction of the BOLD signal by phase-locked responses. We examined the relationship between the BOLD response and LFPs in the same nine human subjects from multiple corresponding points in the auditory cortex, using amplitude modulated pure tone stimuli of a duration to allow an analysis of phase locking of the sustained time period without contamination from the onset response. The results demonstrate that both phase locking at the modulation frequency and its harmonics, and the oscillatory power in gamma/high-gamma bands are required to predict the BOLD response. Biophysical models of BOLD signal generation in auditory cortex therefore require revision and the incorporation of both phase locking to rhythmic sensory stimuli and power changes in the ensemble neural activity
Target Space Duality for (0,2) Compactifications
The moduli spaces of two (0,2) compactifications of the heterotic string can
share the same Landau-Ginzburg model even though at large radius they look
completely different. It was argued that such a pair of (0,2) models might be
connected via a perturbative transition at the Landau-Ginzburg point.
Situations of this kind are studied for some explicit models. By calculating
the exact dimensions of the generic moduli spaces at large radius, strong
indications are found in favor of a different scenario. The two moduli spaces
are isomorphic and complex, K\"ahler and bundle moduli get exchanged.Comment: 22 pages, TeX, harvmac, (minor changes, references added
Thymidine Metabolism as Confounding Factor of 3'-Deoxy-3'-[18F]Fluorothymidine Uptake after Therapy in a Colorectal Cancer Model.
Non-invasive monitoring of tumor therapy response helps in developing personalized treatment strategies. Here, we performed sequential positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) to evaluate changes induced by a FOLFOX-like combination chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) xenografts, to identify the cellular and molecular determinants of these imaging biomarkers. Methods: Tumor bearing CD1 nude mice, engrafted with FOLFOX-sensitive Colo205 CRC xenografts, were treated with FOLFOX (5 fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin) in weekly intervals. On d1, d2, d6, d9 and d13 of therapy, tumors were assessed by in vivo imaging and ex vivo analyses. In addition, HCT116 xenografts, which did not respond to the FOLFOX treatment, were imaged on d1 of therapy. Results: In Colo205 xenografts, FOLFOX induced a profound increase in uptake of the proliferation PET tracer 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT), which was accompanied by increases in markers for proliferation (Ki67, TK1) and for activated DNA damage response (DDR; ÎłH2AX), whereas the effect on cell death was minimal. As tracer uptake was unaltered in the HCT116 model, these changes appear to be specific for tumor response. Conclusion: We demonstrate that [18F]FLT PET can non-invasively monitor molecular alterations induced by a cancer treatment, including thymidine metabolism and DDR. The cellular or imaging changes may not, however, be directly related to therapy response as assessed by volumetric measurements
Quantum-circuit guide to optical and atomic interferometry
Atomic (qubit) and optical or microwave (modal) phase-estimation protocols
are placed on the same footing in terms of quantum-circuit diagrams. Circuit
equivalences are used to demonstrate the equivalence of protocols that achieve
the Heisenberg limit by employing entangled superpositions of Fock states, such
as N00N states. The key equivalences are those that disentangle a circuit so
that phase information is written exclusively on a mode or modes or on a qubit.
The Fock-state-superposition phase-estimation circuits are converted to use
entangled coherent-state superpositions; the resulting protocols are more
amenable to realization in the lab, particularly in a qubit/cavity setting at
microwave frequencies.Comment: To appear in Optics Communications special issue in memory of
Krzysztof Wodkiewic
Experimental realisation of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm using qubit recycling
Quantum computational algorithms exploit quantum mechanics to solve problems
exponentially faster than the best classical algorithms. Shor's quantum
algorithm for fast number factoring is a key example and the prime motivator in
the international effort to realise a quantum computer. However, due to the
substantial resource requirement, to date, there have been only four
small-scale demonstrations. Here we address this resource demand and
demonstrate a scalable version of Shor's algorithm in which the n qubit control
register is replaced by a single qubit that is recycled n times: the total
number of qubits is one third of that required in the standard protocol.
Encoding the work register in higher-dimensional states, we implement a
two-photon compiled algorithm to factor N=21. The algorithmic output is
distinguishable from noise, in contrast to previous demonstrations. These
results point to larger-scale implementations of Shor's algorithm by harnessing
scalable resource reductions applicable to all physical architectures.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
- âŠ