Joint Employment: The Unintended and Unpredictable Employment Relationship

The following is a transcript of a 2018 Federalist Society panel entitled Joint Employment: The Unintended and Unpredictable \u27Employment\u27 Relationship. The panel originally occurred on November 15, 2018, during the National Lawyers Convention in Washington, D.C. The panelists were: Richard Epstein, Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law and Director, Classical Liberal Institute, New York University Law School; Richard F. Griffin, Jr., Of Counsel, Bredhoff & Kaiser, PLLC; and Hon. Philip A. Miscimarra, Partner, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP. The moderator was the Honorable Timothy M. Tymkovich of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

The psychology of AMBER Alert: Unresolved issues and implications

The AMBER alert system is likely affected by a number of psychological processes, yet remains understudied. The system assumes people will remember Alert information accurately and notify police, but psychological research on related phenomena (e.g., memory, willingness to help) indicates that people may not be able or willing to act in ways the promote the success of the system. In addition, the system is intended to deter child abductions, however, the system could prompt copycat crimes from perpetrators seeking publicity. The system could also cause a precipitation effect in which a perpetrator who sees the Alert could decide to murder the child immediately to avoid capture. Policy recommendations are made based on psychological research and theory, although more research is needed to develop the most effective system possible

Time domain DNP with the NOVEL sequence

We present results of a pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) study at 0.35 T (9.7 GHz/14.7 MHz for electron/1H Larmor frequency) using a lab frame-rotating frame cross polarization experiment that employs electron spin locking fields that match the 1H nuclear Larmor frequency, the so called NOVEL (nuclear orientation via electron spin locking) condition. We apply the method to a series of DNP samples including a single crystal of diphenyl nitroxide (DPNO) doped benzophenone (BzP), 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl (BDPA) doped polystyrene (PS), and sulfonated-BDPA (SA-BDPA) doped glycerol/water glassy matrices. The optimal Hartman-Hahn matching condition is achieved when the nutation frequency of the electron matches the Larmor frequency of the proton, ω[subscript 1S] = ω[subscript 0I], together with possible higher order matching conditions at lower efficiencies. The magnetization transfer from electron to protons occurs on the time scale of ∼100 ns, consistent with the electron-proton couplings on the order of 1-10 MHz in these samples. In a fully protonated single crystal DPNO/BzP, at 270 K, we obtained a maximum signal enhancement of ε = 165 and the corresponding gain in sensitivity of ε(T[subscript 1]/T[subscript B])[superscript 1/2] = 230 due to the reduction in the buildup time under DNP. In a sample of partially deuterated PS doped with BDPA, we obtained an enhancement of 323 which is a factor of ∼3.2 higher compared to the protonated version of the same sample and accounts for 49% of the theoretical limit. For the SA-BDPA doped glycerol/water glassy matrix at 80 K, the sample condition used in most applications of DNP in nuclear magnetic resonance, we also observed a significant enhancement. Our findings demonstrate that pulsed DNP via the NOVEL sequence is highly efficient and can potentially surpass continuous wave DNP mechanisms such as the solid effect and cross effect which scale unfavorably with increasing magnetic field. Furthermore, pulsed DNP is also a promising avenue for DNP at high temperature.National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant No. EB-002804)National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant No. EB-002026)National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Grant No. GM095843

Observation of strongly forbidden solid effect dynamic nuclear polarization transitions via electron-electron double resonance detected NMR

We present electron paramagnetic resonance experiments for which solid effect dynamic nuclear polarization transitions were observed indirectly via polarization loss on the electron. This use of indirect observation allows characterization of the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) process close to the electron. Frequency profiles of the electron-detected solid effect obtained using trityl radical showed intense saturation of the electron at the usual solid effect condition, which involves a single electron and nucleus. However, higher order solid effect transitions involving two, three, or four nuclei were also observed with surprising intensity, although these transitions did not lead to bulk nuclear polarization—suggesting that higher order transitions are important primarily in the transfer of polarization to nuclei nearby the electron. Similar results were obtained for the SA-BDPA radical where strong electron-nuclear couplings produced splittings in the spectrum of the indirectly observed solid effect conditions. Observation of high order solid effect transitions supports recent studies of the solid effect, and suggests that a multi-spin solid effect mechanism may play a major role in polarization transfer via DNP.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant EB002804)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant EB002026)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM095843)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Research Fellowship CO 802/1-1

Frequency-Swept Integrated Solid Effect

The efficiency of continuous wave dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments decreases at the high magnetic fields used in contemporary high-resolution NMR applications. To recover the expected signal enhancements from DNP, we explored time domain experiments such as NOVEL which matches the electron Rabi frequency to the nuclear Larmor frequency to mediate polarization transfer. However, satisfying this matching condition at high frequencies is technically demanding. As an alternative we report here frequency-swept integrated solid effect (FS-ISE) experiments that allow low power sweeps of the exciting microwave frequencies to constructively integrate the negative and positive polarizations of the solid effect, thereby producing a polarization efficiency comparable to (±10 % difference) NOVEL. Finally, the microwave frequency modulation results in field profiles that exhibit new features that we coin the “stretched” solid effect.National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant EB-002804)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant EB-002026)National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Grant GM095843

Using Water Chemistry Data to Assess Stormwater Pathways in Lowland Watersheds

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Managemen

Evaluating Flood Forecasting System Performance in Cambodia During the 2019 Flood Season

Every year, Cambodia experiences both flash and prolonged riverine flooding as a result of monsoon rains and typhoons. Floods occur frequently in various parts of the region, and result in significant economic cost. Flood forecasting systems are designed to mitigate economic and social impacts, enabling people to prepare for extreme events. However, in order for forecasts to be used effectively, an assessment of the available forecasting systems is needed. In addition, following the onset of flooding, satellite imagery is used to generate flood maps to aid in response efforts. This study demonstrates the performance of regional and global flood forecasting systems over the 2019 flood season. To do this, we assess the flood forecast accuracy at different forecast lead times through a series of forecast verification metrics at gauge locations in Cambodia. We then compare the flood forecast performance to Sentinel 1 flood maps produced by the Hydrological Remote Sensing Analysis of Floods (HYDRAFloods) tool currently being co-developed by SERVIR-Mekong in collaboration with the Myanmar Department of Disaster Management. This assessment of the flood forecasting systems performance and comparison to generated flood maps helps provide context to forecasters and disaster managers as they make improvements to their models. Additionally, these results provide support to forecast users as they evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different systems for taking action

Increased susceptibility of Trpv4 -deficient mice to obesity and obesity-induced osteoarthritis with very high-fat diet

To test the hypotheses that: 1) the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel is protective in the obesity-model of osteoarthritis (OA), resulting in more severe obesity-induced OA in Trpv4 knockout (Trpv4−/−) mice; and 2) loss of TRPV4 alters mesodermal stem cell differentiation