Giftige Tiere der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands

http://www.ester.ee/record=b3787760*es

AMF Raw data

Species-Abundance-Matrix from all five sites: NPF (Neotropical Primary Forest); NSF (Neotropical Secondary Forest); PPF (Paleotropical Primary Forest); PSF (Paleotropical Secondary Forest) and AMF (Australian monsoonal forest). We sampled ants on 64 grid points (A1-A8, B1-B8, C1-C8, D1-D8). We used six different types of baits (bird feces, large prey, small prey, crushed insects, seeds, melezitose, and sucrose). Each bait was placed on each grid point at daytime and nighttime. Pitfall traps were operated for three 10-hr periods between 20h00 to 6h00 (nocturnal traps) or 7h00 to 17h00 (diurnal traps) over three consecutive days when no food resources were presented, such that we obtained a total of 30h of pitfall sampling per grid point and per time of day

Data from: Niche differentiation in rainforest ant communities across three continents

A central prediction of niche theory is that biotic communities are structured by niche differentiation arising from competition. To date, there have been numerous studies of niche differentiation in local ant communities, but, little attention has been given to the macroecology of niche differentiation, including the extent to which particular biomes show distinctive patterns of niche structure across their global ranges. We investigated patterns of niche differentiation and competition in ant communities in tropical rainforests, using different baits reflecting the natural food spectrum. We examined the extent of temporal and dietary niche differentiation and spatial segregation of ant communities at five rainforest sites in the neotropics, paleotropics, and tropical Australia. Despite high niche overlap, we found significant dietary and temporal niche differentiation in every site. However, there was no spatial segregation among foraging ants at the community level, despite strong competition for preferred food resources. Although sucrose, melezitose, and dead insects attracted most ants, some species preferentially foraged on seeds, living insects or bird feces. Moreover, most sites harboured more diurnal than nocturnal species. Overall niche differentiation was strongest in the least diverse site, possibly due to its lower number of rare species. Both temporal and dietary differentiation thus had strong effects on the ant assemblages, but their relative importance varied markedly among sites. Our analyses show that patterns of niche differentiation in ant communities are highly idiosyncratic even within a biome, such that a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of niche structure in ant communities remains elusive

Interaction of Electrical Energy Storage, Flexible Bioenergy Plants and System-friendly Renewables in Wind- or Solar PV-dominated Regions

Wind and solar PV have become the lowest-cost alternatives for power generation in many countries and are expected to dominate the renewable power supply in many regions of the world. The temporal volatility in power production from these sources leads to new challenges for a stable and secure power supply system. Possible technologies to improve the integration of wind and solar PV are electrical energy storage and the flexible power provision by bioenergy. A third option is the system-friendly layout of wind and solar PV systems and the optimized mix of wind and solar PV capacities. To assess these different options at hand, a case study was conducted covering various scenarios for a regional power supply based on a high share of wind and solar PV. State-of-the-art concepts for all the stated technologies are modelled and a numerical optimization approach is applied on temporally-resolved time series data to identify the potential role of each option and their respective interactions. Power storage was found to be most relevant in solar dominated systems, due to the diurnal generation pattern, whereas bioenergy is more suitably combined with high wind power shares due to the less regular generation pattern. System-friendly wind and solar power can reduce the need for generation capacity and flexible options by fitting generation and demand patterns better