100 research outputs found
Alcohol use and weight in US adults and bariatric surgery patients
Over the last several decades, alcohol use, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and obesity, which are leading contributors to preventable death, have increased in prevalence. Research has shown that the three are related but much is still unclear. We examined associations between alcohol use, AUD, and weight status.
Using National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data, we examined associations between alcohol use and weight status, and between weight loss attempt and alcohol use. Among current drinkers, lower frequency of alcohol use and higher number of drinks beyond one drink per drinking day were independently associated with higher odds of class 1-3 obesity versus healthy weight in males and females; associations were stronger with higher classes of obesity. Females reporting weight loss attempt were more likely to be current drinkers and have more frequent heavy drinking.
We examined whether associations between alcohol use and AUD differed by weight status using National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III data. Among males, interactions (P for all <.01) indicated that at the same average quantity of drinks per drinking day and frequency of heavy drinking, those with class 3 obesity had higher odds of AUD versus lower classes or no obesity. Among females, at the same frequency of any alcohol use, those with healthy weight had the highest odds of AUD, while females with class 3 obesity had the lowest odds of AUD (P<.001).
We used Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 data to determine the sensitivity and specificity of potential thresholds of alcohol use for identifying alcohol-related problems in women post-Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB). The sensitivity and specificity of an elevated Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption score, per standard scoring directions, were 76.4% (95%CI:73.2-79.7) and 81.6% (95%CI:80.2-83.0), respectively.
Considering associations between alcohol use, AUD, and weight status is critical to public health efforts to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies for both diseases. We provide evidence that females trying to lose weight do not follow clinical weight loss guidelines and that AUD screening may be improved if modified for populations with different gender, weight status, and bariatric surgery history
A Case Study of Health Risk Behaviors in a Sample of Residents in Rural Appalachia
The purpose of this paper was to examine health risk behaviors from a sample of adults living in one of the nation’s poorest counties in Central Appalachia. A descriptive secondary analysis of data collected for a public health surveillance project was conducted to determine the most pressing health problems and risk behaviors affecting this unique population. Residents reported high rates of hypertension, back pain, and sleep problems. They also reported very low levels of physical activity. A discussion of results is provided, including a comparison of the study population to information from national surveys. The limitations of the study and implications for social work practice, policy and research are also discussed
OER Metadata Rosetta Stone
This document is the technical specification of core and contextual elements for Open Educational Resources using existing schema to create a Metadata Application Profile. It provides a list of relevant classes and properties used in OER metadata records at the institutional and repository level. It is our hope that this document will support best practices for OER repositories and institutions to leverage existing library expertise and networks
Dynamics of the Globular Cluster System Associated with M87 (NGC 4486). II. Analysis
We present a dynamical analysis of the globular cluster system associated
with M87 (= NGC 4486), the cD galaxy near the dynamical center of the Virgo
cluster. The analysis utilizes a new spectroscopic and photometric database
which is described in a companion paper (Hanes et al. 2001). Using a sample of
278 globular clusters with measured radial velocities and metallicities, and
new surface density profiles based on wide-field Washington photometry, we
study the dynamics of the M87 globular cluster system both globally --- for the
entire cluster sample --- and separately --- for the metal-rich and metal-poor
globular cluster samples. This constitutes the largest sample of radial
velocities for pure Population II tracers yet assembled for any galaxy. We
discuss the implications of our findings for models for the formation of giant
elliptical galaxies, globular cluster systems, and the Virgo cluster.
(ABRIDGED)Comment: 28 pages, 19 postscript figures, 1 jpeg image. See
http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/ast/ast-rap.html to download the manuscript
with higher quality figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
M87, Globular Clusters, and Galactic Winds: Issues in Giant Galaxy Formation
New VRI photometry is presented for the globular clusters in the innermost
140'' of the M87 halo. The results are used to discuss several issues
concerning the formation and evolution of globular cluster systems in
supergiant ellipticals like M87. (1) we find no significant change in the
globular cluster luminosity function (GCLF) with galactocentric radius, for
cluster masses M < 10^5 solar masses, indicating that the main effects of
dynamical evolution may be only on lower-mass clusters. (2) Within the core
radius (1') of the globular cluster system, the metallicity distribution is
uniform, but at larger radii the mean metallicity declines steadily as Z ~
r^-0.9. (3) The various options for explaining the existence of high specific
frequency galaxies like M87 are evaluated, and scaling laws for the GCSs in
these galaxies are given. Interpretations involving secondary evolution
(formation of many globular clusters during mergers, intergalactic globular
clusters, etc.) are unlikely to be the primary explanation for high-S_N
galaxies. (4) We suggest that central-supergiant E galaxies may have formed in
an exceptionally turbulent or high-density environment in which an early,
powerful galactic wind drove out a high fraction of the protogalactic gas, thus
artificially boosting the specificComment: 67 pages, 17 figures. To appear in Astronomical Journal, in press for
May 1998. Preprints also available from W.Harris; send e-mail request to
[email protected]
Platelets retain inducible alpha granule secretion by P‐selectin expression but exhibit mechanical dysfunction during trauma‐induced coagulopathy
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149281/1/jth14414.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149281/2/jth14414_am.pd
The Ages, Metallicities and Alpha Element Enhancements of Globular Clusters in the Elliptical NGC 5128: A Homogeneous Spectroscopic Study with Gemini/GMOS
We present new integrated light spectroscopy of globular clusters (GCs) in
NGC 5128 in order to measure radial velocities and derive ages, metallicities,
and alpha-element abundance ratios. Using Gemini-S 8-m/GMOS, we obtained
spectroscopy in the range of ~3400-5700 AA for 72 GCs with S/N > 30 /AA and we
have also discovered 35 new GCs within NGC 5128 from our radial velocity
measurements. We measured and compared the Lick indices from HdeltaA through
Fe5406 with the single stellar population (SSP) models of Thomas et
al.(2003,2004). We also measure Lick indices for 41 Milky Way GCs from Puzia et
al. (2002) and Schiavon et al. (2005) with the same methodology for direct
comparison. Our results show that 68% of the NGC 5128 GCs have old ages (> 8
Gyr), 14% have intermediate ages (5-8 Gyr), and 18% have young ages (< 5 Gyr).
However, when we look at the metallicity of the GCs as a function of age, we
find 92% of metal-poor GCs and 56% of metal-rich GCs in NGC 5128 have ages > 8
Gyr, indicating that the majority of both metallicity subpopulations of GCs
formed early, with a significant population of young and metal-rich GCs forming
later. Our metallicity distribution function generated directly from
spectroscopic Lick indices is clearly bimodal, as is the color distribution of
the same set of GCs. Thus the metallicity bimodality is real and not an
artifact of the color to metallicity conversion. The [alpha/Fe] values are
supersolar with a mean value of 0.14pm0.04, indicating a fast formation
timescale. However, the GCs in NGC 5128 are not as [alpha/Fe] enhanced as the
Milky Way GCs also examined in this study. Our results support a rapid, early
formation of the GC system in NGC 5128, with subsequent major accretion and/or
GC and star forming events in more recent times (abridged).Comment: Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal, 36 pages, 14 figures, 7 table
The Kinematics of the Globular Cluster System of NGC 5128 with a New, Large Sample of Radial Velocity Measurements
New radial velocity measurements for previously known and newly confirmed
globular clusters (GCs) in the nearby massive galaxy NGC 5128 are presented. We
have obtained spectroscopy from LDSS-2/Magellan, VIMOS/VLT, and Hydra/CTIO from
which we have measured the radial velocities of 218 known, and identified 155
new, GCs. The current sample of confirmed GCs in NGC 5128 is now 605 with 564
of these having radial velocity measurements. We have performed a new kinematic
analysis of the GC system that extends out to 45 arcmin in galactocentric
radius. We have examined the systemic velocity, projected rotation amplitude
and axis, and the projected velocity dispersion of the GCs as functions of
galactocentric distance and metallicity. Our results indicate that the
metal-poor GCs have a very mild rotation signature of (26 pm 15) km/s. The
metal-rich GCs are rotating with a higher, though still small signature of (43
pm 15) km/s around the isophotal major axis of NGC 5128 within 15 arcmin. Their
velocity dispersions are consistent within the uncertainties and the profiles
appear flat or declining within 20 arcmin. We note the small sample of
metal-rich GCs with ages less than 5 Gyr in the literature appear to have
different kinematic properties than the old, metal-rich GC subpopulation. The
mass and mass-to-light ratios have also been estimated using the GCs as tracer
particles for NGC 5128. Out to a distance of 20 arcmin, we have obtained a mass
of (5.9 pm 2.0) x 10^(11) M_(sun) and a mass-to-light ratio in the B-band of 16
M_(sun)/L_(B,sun). Combined with previous work on the ages and metallicities of
its GCs, as well as properties of its stellar halo, our findings suggest NGC
5128 formed via hierarchical merging over other methods of formation, such as
major merging at late times.Comment: Accepted for The Astronomical Journal, 14 pages plus 12 figures and 7
table
Guidelines for the Development of Comprehensive Care Centers for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Guidance from the CARES Foundation Initiative
Patients with rare and complex diseases such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) often receive fragmented and inadequate care unless efforts are coordinated among providers. Translating the concepts of the medical home and comprehensive health care for individuals with CAH offers many benefits for the affected individuals and their families. This manuscript represents the recommendations of a 1.5 day meeting held in September 2009 to discuss the ideal goals for comprehensive care centers for newborns, infants, children, adolescents, and adults with CAH. Participants included pediatric endocrinologists, internal medicine and reproductive endocrinologists, pediatric urologists, pediatric surgeons, psychologists, and pediatric endocrine nurse educators. One unique aspect of this meeting was the active participation of individuals personally affected by CAH as patients or parents of patients. Representatives of Health Research and Services Administration (HRSA), New York-Mid-Atlantic Consortium for Genetics and Newborn Screening Services (NYMAC), and National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center (NNSGRC) also participated. Thus, this document should serve as a “roadmap” for the development phases of comprehensive care centers (CCC) for individuals and families affected by CAH
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