Protection against corrosion of magnesium alloys with both conversion layer and sol–gel coating

The anticorrosion performances of a system consisting of a phosphate based conversion layer and a hybrid sol–gel coating have been evaluated for the magnesium alloy Elektron21. The lone sol–gel coating affords a significant protection of the magnesium substrate. However, the presence of an intermediate conversion layer is presumed to improve the corrosion resistance of the system. The surface morphology of the protection coatings was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white-light source interferometry. The corrosion behavior of the systems was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The impedance measurements show that the presence of the added conversion layer increases the resistance of the whole system during immersion in a 0.05 M NaCl solution, compared to the single sol–gel coating

New green coatings made from fatty acid dispersions: improvement in barrier properties of biodegradable thermoplasticized-starch substrate

This work was aimed at developing new coatings on biodegradable substrates for possible use in food packaging. In order to study barrier properties of these coatings made from fatty acid dispersions, oxygen permeability, water vapor permeability and also contact angle measurements were carried out. The coatings made from a fatty acid exhibited good barrier properties towards oxygen gas. Moreover, these coatings presented a higher contact angle value than the one obtained directly for the substrate without coating; this can be likely due to the hydrophobic nature of fatty acid and the recrystallization of fatty acid during the drying process

Innovative Formulation Combining Al, Zr and Si Precursors to Obtain Anticorrosion Hybrid Sol-Gel Coating

The aim of our study is to improve the aluminium alloy corrosion resistance with Organic-Inorganic Hybrid (OIH) sol-gel coating. Coatings are obtained from unusual formulation with precursors mixing: glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), zirconium (IV) propoxide (TPOZ) and aluminium tri-sec-butoxide (ASB). This formulation was characterized and compared with sol formulations GPTMS/TPOZ and GPTMS/ASB. In each formulation, a corrosion inhibitor, cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, is employed to improve the corrosion performance. Coatings obtained from sol based on GPTMS/TPOZ/ASB have good anti-corrosion performances with Natural Salt Spray (NSS) resistance of 500 h for a thickness lower than 4 µm. Contact angle measurement showed a coating hydrophobic behaviour. To understand these performances, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses were performed, results make sol-gel coating condensation evident and are in very good agreement with previous results

Environmental risk factors and biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder:an umbrella review of the evidence

Background Numerous studies have identified potential risk factors and biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to study the strength and validity of the suggested environmental risk factors or biomarkers of autism spectrum disorder. Methods We did an umbrella review and systematically appraised the relevant meta-analyses of observational studies. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for papers published between database inception and Oct 17, 2018, and screened the reference list of relevant articles. We obtained the summary effect, 95% CI, heterogeneity, and 95% prediction intervals. We examined small study effects and excess significance. We did analyses under credibility ceilings. This review is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018091704. Findings 46 eligible articles yielded data on 67 environmental risk factors (544 212 cases, 81 708 787 individuals) and 52 biomarkers (15 614 cases, 15 433 controls). Evidence of association was convincing for maternal age of 35 years or over (relative risk [RR] 1.31, 95% CI 1.18-1.45), maternal chronic hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 1.29-1.70), maternal gestational hypertension (OR 1.37, 1.21-1.54), maternal overweight before or during pregnancy (RR 1.28, 1.19-1.36), pre-eclampsia (RR 1.32, 1.20-1.45), prepregnancy maternal antidepressant use (RR 1.48, 1.29-1.71), and maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use during pregnancy (OR 1.84, 1.60-2.11). Only two associations, maternal overweight before or during pregnancy and SSRI use during pregnancy, retained their high level of evidence under subset sensitivity analyses. Evidence from biomarkers was scarce, being supported by p values close to the significance threshold and too few cases. Interpretation Convincing evidence suggests that maternal factors, such as age and features of metabolic syndrome, are associated with risk of autism spectrum disorder. Although SSRI use during pregnancy was also associated with such risk when exposed and non-exposed groups were compared, this association could be affected by other confounding factors, considering that prepregnancy maternal antidepressant use was also convincingly associated with higher risk of autism spectrum disorder. Findings from previous studies suggest that one possible confounding factor is underlying maternal psychiatric disorders. Copyright (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Funding Agencies|Health Education England [ICA-CL-2017-03-001]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) [ICA-CL-2017-03-001]; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; Maudsley Charity; Kings College London; NIHR South London Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care</p

Polymorphisme val66met du BDNF, dépression, et réponse aux antidépresseurs

La maladie dépressive sera en 2020 la 2ème cause d incapacité dans le monde. Mieux prédire la réponse aux antidépresseurs (ATD) est donc un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Nous avons étudié, l influence du polymorphisme Val66Met (rs6265) du Brain Derived Neutrophic Factor (BDNF) sur les épisodes dépressifs majeurs (EDM) du trouble dépressif majeur et sur la réponse aux ATD en termes d efficacité et de tolérance métabolique.La revue de la littérature montre que l allèle Met du Val66Met, associé à un défaut de transport axonal de BDNF, est un facteur de risque de dépression, que les taux centraux et périphériques de BDNF sont diminués durant l EDM et augmentent après traitement par ATD. Par ailleurs, le BDNF est impliqué dans la physiopathologie d anomalies métaboliques.Notre étude a pour objectif de déterminer si la présentation clinique de l EDM et la réponse aux ATD diffèrent selon le polymorphisme Val66Met du BDNF. Dans le cadre d une cohorte prospective naturaliste d une durée de 6 mois, 397 patients adultes caucasiens présentant un EDM au cours d un trouble dépressif unipolaire et nécessitant l introduction d un traitement ATD, bénéficient d un génotypage, d une évaluation clinique, de dosages métaboliques avant et après 1, 3 et 6 mois de traitement. Les homozygotes Met/Met ont un EDM d intensité moindre et tendance à une moindre réponse aux ATD après 6 mois de traitement. En termes de tolérance, ils ont tendance à avoir davantage d apparition d HTA et de dyslipidémie après 3 mois de traitement et de diabète après 6 mois de traitement. Nos résultats sont cohérents avec ceux de la littérature et devront être confirmés par d autres étudesPARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Influence du polymorphisme C825T du GNB3 sur la dépression et la réponse aux antidépresseurs

PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Dépression et réponse aux antidépresseurs (différences selon le genre ?)

PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pharmacogénétique de la réponse aux antidépresseurs en conditions réelles de prescription

PARIS5-BU Méd.Cochin (751142101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Approche diagnostique et traitements thérapeutiques des affections buccodentaires

MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pharmacogenetics of clozapine response and induced weight gain: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis

Clozapine (CLZ) is the prototype atypical antipsychotic and it has many advantages over other antipsychotic drugs. Several data suggest that both CLZ response and induced weight gain are strongly determined by genetic variability. However, results remain mainly inconclusive. We aim to review the literature data about pharmacogenetics studies on CLZ efficacy, focusing on pharmacodynamic genes. Further, we performed meta-analyses on response when at least three studies for each polymorphism were available. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on Caucasian population when feasible. Electronic literature search was performed to identify pertinent studies published until May 2014 using PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO databases. For meta-analyses, data were entered and analyzed through RevMan version 5.2 using a random-effect model. Our literature search yielded 9266 articles on CLZ; among these, we identified 59 pertinent pharmacogenetic studies. Genotype data were retrieved for 14 polymorphisms in 9 genes. Among these, we had available data from at least three independent samples for 8 SNPs in 6 genes to perform meta-analyses: DRD2 rs1799732, DRD3 rs6280, HTR2A rs6313, rs6311, rs6314, HTR2C rs6318, HTR3A rs1062613, TNFa rs1800629. Although literature review provided conflicting results, in meta-analyses three genetic variants within serotonin genes resulted associated to CLZ response: rs6313 and rs6314 within HTR2A gene and rs1062613 within HT3A gene. On the other hand, no clear finding emerged for CLZ-induced weight gain. Our results suggest a possible serotonergic modulation of CLZ clinical response