Testing the cultural boundaries of the British military

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Comparison of carbon footprints of school lunches in Dangriga, Belize, and Northwest Arkansas

The original purpose of this study was to investigate differences in carbon footprints of school lunches by comparing a school in Arkansas, USA, and a school in Belize. Due to complications imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the purpose was revised to gathering preliminary data about the school lunch program at a school in Northwest Arkansas; data were to be used to estimate CO2-equivalent emissions for cafeteria energy use, meal ingredients from the two most popular meals served, and food transportation at the last point in the supply chain (food service delivery to school). This study highlights the intersection of food systems and climate change. As the effects of climate change worsen, it is important to consider ways to reduce emissions in a variety of sectors, including the food sector, to reduce future effects of anthropogenic climate change and reduce risks related to food security. The study investigated the kg CO2-eq emissions of two popular meals served based on interviews conducted with cafeteria staff in a selected school in Northwest Arkansas. The methodology section outlines suggested data collection for when researchers can visit Belize to complete the study and describes methods for estimating CO2-eq values for different aspects of meal preparation and the supply chain. The absence of specific information for certain foods or distributors made it difficult to draw conclusions in some cases. Estimates from the study show the overall CO2-eq for the “beefy nachos” meal to be much greater than the chicken tender meal, likely due to the larger carbon footprints of beef and cheese production compared to chicken and potatoes. Energy use estimates to prepare each meal were small relative to the estimated overall carbon footprint of each meal. Most of the carbon footprint related to the production of the food itself. To perform more detailed calculations in the future, it is recommended that data collection be conducted on site for both schools, and for researchers to use programs such as SimaPro or OpenLCA to find more specific data values to perform calculations. Ultimately, this will allow for more accurate comparisons of lunches at both schools that will be beneficial in finding ways to reduce emissions of lunches where possible

Self Portrait

Self Portrait, a feature length screenplay set in present day Toronto, Berlin, and fictional Kirchenfeld, Bavaria, tells the story of Hugo, a schizophrenic recent art school graduate who wins a painting prize and exhibition spot at a gallery in Berlin. Having just months before found his fathers body after he killed himself, Hugo dramatically switches his painting style from his true passion, abstract expressionism, to photorealism, the style in which his father abusively trained him throughout his youth. The pressure to perform combined with his decision to stop taking his antipsychotic medication chip away at Hugos sanity. Encountering his doppelgnger, Hauke, upsets the new balance Hugo desperately struggles to maintain. Hugo is forced to take drastic actions to ensure Hauke does not jeopardize his success as a photorealist. Self Portrait is a story of the dangers of self-suppression and the struggle with an untreated mental illness

The search for common ground: civil-military relations in Pakistan

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Waterfall

In order to realize our concept, in the programming phase, we chose a wooden material as our stabilizing structure and a clear container to incapsulate the water and accurately reflect natural elements of a waterfall. Additionally we gathered faux greenery and rocks to create a lush setting for our focal point. During the schematic and design development phase, we sketched and proposed models for the overall construction. We then assembled the wooden structure with nails to provide a stable structure to support our continuation of floating wood stairs. Finally, a water pump inside the clear container of water ushered the waterfall to the top of the stairs and back into the container without assistance.https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/theoryinaction_projects2020/1004/thumbnail.jp

Comparing dietary strategies to manage cardiovascular risk in primary care: a narrative review of systematic reviews

BACKGROUND: Nutrition care in general practice is crucial for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and management, although comparison between dietary strategies is lacking.AIM: To compare the best available (most recent, relevant, and high-quality) evidence for six dietary strategies that are effective for primary prevention/absolute risk reduction of CVD.DESIGN AND SETTING: A pragmatic narrative review of systematic reviews of randomised trials focused on primary prevention of cardiovascular events.METHOD: Studies about: 1) adults without a history of cardiovascular events; 2) target dietary strategies postulated to reduce CVD risk; and 3) direct cardiovascular or all-cause mortality outcomes were included. Six dietary strategies were examined: energy deficit, Mediterranean-like diet, sodium reduction (salt reduction and substitution), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, alcohol reduction, and fish/fish oil consumption. Reviews were selected based on quality, recency, and relevance. Quality and certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.RESULTS: Twenty-five reviews met inclusion criteria; eight were selected as the highest quality, recent, and relevant. Three dietary strategies showed modest, significant reductions in cardiovascular events: energy deficit (relative risk reduction [RRR] 30%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 13 to 43), Mediterranean-like diet (RRR 40%, 95% CI = 20 to 55), and salt substitution (RRR 30%, 95% CI = 7 to 48). Still, some caveats remain on the effectiveness of these dietary strategies. Salt reduction, DASH diet, and alcohol reduction showed small, significant reductions in blood pressure, but no reduction in cardiovascular events. Fish/fish oil consumption showed little or no effect; supplementation of fish oil alone showed small reductions in CVD events.CONCLUSION: For primary prevention, energy deficit, Mediterranean-like diets, and sodium substitution have modest evidence for risk reduction of CVD events. Strategies incorporated into clinical nutrition care should ensure guidance is person centred and tailored to clinical circumstances.</p

Advances in understanding subglacial meltwater drainage from past ice sheets

Meltwater drainage beneath ice sheets is a fundamental consideration for understanding ice–bed conditions and bed-modulated ice flow, with potential impacts on terminus behavior and iceshelf mass balance. While contemporary observations reveal the presence of basal water movement in the subglacial environment and inferred styles of drainage, the geological record of former ice sheets, including sediments and landforms on land and the seafloor, aids in understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of efficient and inefficient drainage systems and their impact on ice-sheet behavior. We highlight the past decade of advances in geological studies that focus on providing process-based information on subglacial hydrology of ice sheets, how these studies inform theory, numerical models and contemporary observations, and address the needs for future research

Using high-frequency phosphorus monitoring for water quality management: a case study of the upper River Itchen, UK

Increased concentrations of phosphorus (P) in riverine systems lead to eutrophication and can contribute to other environmental effects. Chalk rivers are known to be particularly sensitive to elevated P levels. We used high-frequency (daily) automatic water sampling at five distinct locations in the upper River Itchen (Hampshire, UK) between May 2016 and June 2017 to identify the main P species (including filterable reactive phosphorus, total filterable phosphorus, total phosphorus and total particulate phosphorus) present and how these varied temporally. Our filterable reactive phosphorus (considered the biologically available fraction) data were compared with the available Environment Agency total reactive phosphorus (TRP) values over the same sampling period. Over the trial, the profiles of the P fractions were complex; the major fraction was total particulate phosphorus with the mean percentage value ranging between 69 and 82% of the total P present. Sources were likely to be attributable to wash off from agricultural activities. At all sites, the FRP and Environment Agency TRP mean concentrations over the study were comparable. However, there were a number of extended time periods (1 to 2 weeks) where the mean FRP concentration (e.g. 0.62 mg L−1) exceeded the existing regulatory values (giving a poor ecological status) for this type of river. Often, these exceedances were missed by the limited regulatory monitoring procedures undertaken by the Environment Agency. There is evidence that these spikes of elevated concentrations of P may have a biological impact on benthic invertebrate (e.g. blue-winged olive mayfly) communities that exist in these ecologically sensitive chalk streams. Further research is required to assess the ecological impact of P and how this might have implications for the development of future environmental regulations

Compulsivity is measurable across distinct psychiatric symptom domains and is associated with familial risk and reward-related attentional capture.

BACKGROUND: Compulsivity can be seen across various mental health conditions and refers to a tendency toward repetitive habitual acts that are persistent and functionally impairing. Compulsivity involves dysfunctional reward-related circuitry and is thought to be significantly heritable. Despite this, its measurement from a transdiagnostic perspective has received only scant research attention. Here we examine both the psychometric properties of a recently developed compulsivity scale, as well as its relationship with compulsive symptoms, familial risk, and reward-related attentional capture. METHODS: Two-hundred and sixty individuals participated in the study (mean age = 36.0 [SD = 10.8] years; 60.0% male) and completed the Cambridge-Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale (CHI-T), along with measures of psychiatric symptoms and family history thereof. Participants also completed a task designed to measure reward-related attentional capture (n = 177). RESULTS: CHI-T total scores had a normal distribution and acceptable Cronbach's alpha (0.84). CHI-T total scores correlated significantly and positively (all p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected) with Problematic Usage of the Internet, disordered gambling, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, alcohol misuse, and disordered eating. The scale was correlated significantly with history of addiction and obsessive-compulsive related disorders in first-degree relatives of participants and greater reward-related attentional capture. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the CHI-T is suitable for use in online studies and constitutes a transdiagnostic marker for a range of compulsive symptoms, their familial loading, and related cognitive markers. Future work should more extensively investigate the scale in normative and clinical cohorts, and the role of value-modulated attentional capture across compulsive disorders

Effectiveness of structured patient-clinician communication with a solution focused approach (DIALOG+) in community treatment of patients with psychosis - a cluster randomised controlled trial

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited