833 research outputs found
Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy of the Balmer lines in Sirius B
Sirius B is the nearest and brightest of all white dwarfs, but it is very
difficult to observe at visible wavelengths due to the overwhelming scattered
light contribution from Sirius A. However, from space we can take advantage of
the superb spatial resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope to resolve the A
and B components. Since the closest approach in 1993, the separation between
the two stars has become increasingly favourable and we have recently been able
to obtain a spectrum of the complete Balmer line series for Sirius B using
HST?s Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). The quality of the STIS
spectra greatly exceed that of previous ground-based spectra, and can be used
to provide an important determination of the stellar temperature (Teff =
25193K) and gravity (log g = 8.556). In addition we have obtained a new, more
accurate, gravitational red-shift of 80.42 +/- 4.83 km s-1 for Sirius B.
Combining these results with the photometric data and the Hipparcos parallax we
obtain new determinations of the stellar mass for comparison with the
theoretical mass-radius relation. However, there are some disparities between
the results obtained independently from log g and the gravitational redshift
which may arise from flux losses in the narrow 50x0.2arcsec slit. Combining our
measurements of Teff and log g with the Wood (1995) evolutionary mass-radius
relation we get a best estimate for the white dwarf mass of 0.978 M. Within the
overall uncertainties, this is in agreement with a mass of 1.02 M obtained by
matching our new gravitational red-shift to the theoretical M/R relation.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Societ
Relativistic theory of inverse beta-decay of polarized neutron in strong magnetic field
The relativistic theory of the inverse beta-decay of polarized neutron, , in strong magnetic field is developed. For the proton
wave function we use the exact solution of the Dirac equation in the magnetic
filed that enables us to account exactly for effects of the proton momentum
quantization in the magnetic field and also for the proton recoil motion. The
effect of nucleons anomalous magnetic moments in strong magnetic fields is also
discussed. We examine the cross section for different energies and directions
of propagation of the initial neutrino accounting for neutrons polarization. It
is shown that in the super-strong magnetic field the totally polarized neutron
matter is transparent for neutrinos propagating antiparallel to the direction
of polarization. The developed relativistic approach can be used for
calculations of cross sections of the other URCA processes in strong magnetic
fields.Comment: 41 pages in LaTex including 11 figures in PostScript, discussion on
nucleons AMM interaction with magnetic field is adde
Understanding light quanta: First quantization of the free electromagnetic field
The quantization of the electromagnetic field in vacuum is presented without
reference to lagrangean quantum field theory. The equal time commutators of the
fields are calculated from basic principles. A physical discussion of the
commutators suggest that the electromagnetic fields are macroscopic emergent
properties of more fundamental physical system: the photons
L Dwarfs and the Substellar Mass Function
Analysis of initial observations from near-infrared sky surveys has shown
that the resulting photometric catalogues, combined with far-red optical data,
provide an extremely effective method of finding isolated, very low-temperature
objects in the general field. Follow-up observations have already identified
more than 25 sources with temperatures cooler than the latest M dwarfs. A
comparison with detailed model predictions (Burrows & Sharp) indicates that
these L dwarfs have effective temperatures between ~2000\pm100 K and 1500\pm100
K, while the available trigonometric parallax data place their luminosities at
between 10^{-3.5} and 10^{-4.3} L_solar. Those properties, together with the
detection of lithium in one-third of the objects, are consistent with the
majority having substellar masses. The mass function cannot be derived
directly, since only near-infrared photometry and spectral types are available
for most sources, but we can incorporate VLM/brown dwarf models in simulations
of the Solar Neighbourhood population and constrain Psi(M) by comparing the
predicted L-dwarf surface densities and temperature distributions against
observations from the DENIS and 2MASS surveys. The data, although sparse, can
be represented by a power-law mass function, Psi(M) ~ M^{-alpha}, with 1 <
alpha < 2. Current results favour a value nearer the lower limit. If alpha =
1.3, then the local space density of 0.075 > M/M_solar > 0.01 brown dwarfs is
0.10 systems pc^{-3}. In that case brown dwarfs are twice as common as
main-sequence stars, but contribute no more than ~15% of the total mass of the
disk.Comment: To appear in Astrophysical Journal (20 August 1999). 44 Pages. For
related preprints, see
http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/2mass/overview/ldwarfs.htm
THERMAL RADIATION FROM MAGNETIZED NEUTRON STARS: A look at the Surface of a Neutron Star.
Surface thermal emission has been detected by ROSAT from four nearby young
neutron stars. Assuming black body emission, the significant pulsations of the
observed light curves can be interpreted as due to large surface temperature
differences produced by the effect of the crustal magnetic field on the flow of
heat from the hot interior toward the cooler surface. However, the energy
dependence of the modulation observed in Geminga is incompatible with blackbody
emission: this effect will give us a strong constraint on models of the neutron
star surface.Comment: 10 pages. tar-compressed and uuencoded postcript file. talk given at
the `Jubilee Gamow Seminar', St. Petersburg, Sept. 1994
A Physiology-Driven Computational Model for Post-Cardiac Arrest Outcome Prediction
Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA) face a high risk of
neurological disability and death, however pragmatic methods are lacking for
accurate and reliable prognostication. The aim of this study was to build
computational models to predict post-CA outcome by leveraging high-dimensional
patient data available early after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).
We hypothesized that model performance could be enhanced by integrating
physiological time series (PTS) data and by training machine learning (ML)
classifiers. We compared three models integrating features extracted from the
electronic health records (EHR) alone, features derived from PTS collected in
the first 24hrs after ICU admission (PTS24), and models integrating PTS24 and
EHR. Outcomes of interest were survival and neurological outcome at ICU
discharge. Combined EHR-PTS24 models had higher discrimination (area under the
receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) than models which used either
EHR or PTS24 alone, for the prediction of survival (AUC 0.85, 0.80 and 0.68
respectively) and neurological outcome (0.87, 0.83 and 0.78). The best ML
classifier achieved higher discrimination than the reference logistic
regression model (APACHE III) for survival (AUC 0.85 vs 0.70) and neurological
outcome prediction (AUC 0.87 vs 0.75). Feature analysis revealed previously
unknown factors to be associated with post-CA recovery. Results attest to the
effectiveness of ML models for post-CA predictive modeling and suggest that PTS
recorded in very early phase after resuscitation encode short-term outcome
probabilities.Comment: 51 pages, 7 figures, 4 supplementary figure
What Does Trump Really Want?
Donald Trumpâs 2017 inaugural address was scored with a content analysis measure of implicit motives. The results show that compared to other 20th and 21st century U.S. presidents, he scores very high in achievement and power motive imagery, but only about average in affiliation imagery. Based on previous research on presidentsâ motive imagery, this profile suggests some predictions about the Trump presidency and possible problems for it. In political leaders, high achievement motivation often leads to frustration with the political process. Power motivation, while associated with rated greatness, is related to polarization of public opinion and war. The effects of motives are further channel by temperament and traitsâin Trumpâs case, high extraversion and low agreeableness.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146992/1/asap12154.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146992/2/asap12154_am.pd
Weak reaction freeze-out constraints on primordial magnetic fields
We explore constraints on the strength of the primordial magnetic field based
upon the weak reaction freeze-out in the early universe. We find that limits on
the strength of the magnetic field found in other works are recovered simply by
examining the temperature at which the rate of weak reactions drops below the
rate of universal expansion ( H). The temperature for which the
ratio at freeze-out leads to acceptable helium production implies limits
on the magnetic field. This simplifies the application of magnetic fields to
other cosmological variants of the standard big-bang. As an illustration we
also consider effects of neutrino degeneracy on the allowed limits to the
primordial magnetic field.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D., 6 pages, 2 figure
Nova light curves from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) - II. The extended catalogue
We present the results from observing nine Galactic novae in eruption with the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) between 2004 and 2009. While many of these novae reached peak magnitudes that were either at or approaching the detection limits of SMEI, we were still able to produce light curves that in many cases contained more data at and around the initial rise, peak, and decline than those found in other variable star catalogs. For each nova, we obtained a peak time, maximum magnitude, and for several an estimate of the decline time (t2). Interestingly, although of lower quality than those found in Hounsell et al. (2010a), two of the light curves may indicate the presence of a pre-maximum halt. In addition the high cadence of the SMEI instrument has allowed the detection of low amplitude variations in at least one of the nova light curves
Gender Identity and Womens' Supply of Labor and Non-Market Work: Panel Data Evidence for Germany
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