Editorial Introduction: Popular Music in Education, Special Issue

This Popular Music in Education (PME) special issue includes contributions discussing developments in several countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Singapore and the United States. It covers a range of approaches, exploring technology, hermeneutics, theory, guitars, jazz, songwriting, DIY/DIWO, politics and music industry perspectives. As music institutions have increasingly opened their doors to popular music, this has inevitably led to a greater level of interest in how you teach and learn popular music. PME is presenting a louder presence within Popular Music Studies (PMS), as the ground prepared by PMS has made space for a wave of new PME courses and students to sweep through educational contexts. In the wake of such expansion, this special issue intends to promote a further understanding of relevant issues such a

Concurrent two-phase flow of liquids and air through inclined pipe

The concurrent flow of two phases through a pipe has been the object of increased study in recent years as a result of its recognized importance. It is well established that when a liquid phase and a gas phase flow simultaneously through a pipe, the resulting pressure drop is greater than if only a single phase were flowing. Under certain conditions, this "two-phase" pressure drop is further significantly increased when the flow is uphill. Knowledge of gas-liquid two-phase flow is therefore essential to solution of problems arising in such areas as natural gas transmission, oil production gathering systems, heat exchangers, and flow reactors.In transporting fluids over level terrain, the sound economies of using a single pipe line to carry two phases have been well established in a number of cases. This is seen, for instance, in many of the oil field gathering systems along the Gulf Coast of the United States. However, in hilly country this result may not necessarily hold true. Liquid tends to accumulate in the low places with resulting energy dissipation in "slugging" on the inclines. At low gas rates there may be a slippage of part of the liquid back down an incline. Energy expended in raising the liquid up a hill is not regained on the downhill side as in single phase flow, which means that each hill is a source of pressure loss even though the ends of the pipe line may be at the same level. Due to these factors, it can be shown that there is an optimum line size for given fluid flow rates up a designated incline. That is, for two-phase flow in hilly country, a pipe line can be oversized just as readily as it can be undersized.While much experimental work has been conducted in the field of two-phase flow, nearly all design work must still be done using an empirical approach. The problem of measuring factors such as interfacial height and roughness, velocity gradients, and energy expended in transporting and accelerating the liquid piase have made the experimental approach based upon theoretical studies very difficult. A further complication arises from the fact that one or a combination of several distinct types of flow my occur in the two-phase system depending upon such variables as fluid flow rates, fluid physical properties, pipe characteristics, etc.The major portion of past experimental work bas been carried out in horizontal pipe. A lesser number of investigations has been made in vertical pipe, and very few studies made of flow in inclined pipe. Brigham and Holstein (9) observed the flow types and resulting pressure drops occurring at inclines of 5.5_nd 12.4_ith the horizontal. Flanigan (12) obtained and correlated field data taken from a two-phase pipe line through hilly country, and Baker (3), Berry and Moreau (7) have suggested design procedures to calculate the pressure drop in inclined flow.This research was undertaken to make an additional study of pressure drops encountered in inclined flow and to compare the results with horizontal two-phase flow, vertical two-phase flow, and other available inclined flow data. Experimental runs were made with the pipe in a horizontal position and at angles of 2.3_nd 33_ith the horizontal.It was also felt that data relating the q_antity of fluids flowing to the quantity of fluids "in-place" in the pipe would be useful. This was obtained by shutting-in the system and collecting and weighing the liquid in-place in the pipe during a number of designated experimental runs.As an aid to further qualitative understanding of two-phase flow, the experimental system was made of clear plastic pipe in order that flow patterns could be observed. High speed movies (800 frames/second) and normal speed movies were taken of the flow with the pipe in the horizontal and inclined positions. These movies are available on loan from the School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma

A New Domain for Place-Rooted Foundations: Economic Development Philanthropy

This article suggests that economic development philanthropy is a new domain for place-rooted foundations, and highlights the important system-actor role that these foundations can and are playing to advance economic development that produces better outcomes for families and communities. Economic development philanthropy requires foundations to play integrating or missing roles to advance regional economic development – that they act to fill gaps that other organizations and agencies in the community or region are not addressing. To ensure that a foundation is playing this value-added role requires identifying what others are doing and the outcomes they are seeking or achieving – thereby clarifying the gaps and leverage points in the system. This article also offers some initial insights into what it will take to build a movement of place-rooted foundations embracing social entrepreneurship to advance an economy that works well for all, and encourages continued discussion of the role that place-rooted foundations can play in that movement

Using negative muons as a probe for depth profiling silver Roman coinage

Debasement of silver Roman coins is a well-known phenomenon and understanding the quality of ancient silver coinages can provide an idea about the underlying fiscal condition of the issuing states. These coins are made from a silver-copper alloy, the surfaces of which were deliberately enhanced at the mints by a process of surface-enrichment to give them the appearance of being made of pure silver. Therefore, any surface analysis would provide a composition of the silver-copper alloy that would not be representative of the original alloy from which the coin blank was made; the result would be too high in silver. However, the bulk of the sample, the interior, should provide a composition that is true to the original alloy. Elemental analysis using negative muons has been used to provide a depth dependent compositional, completely non-destructive analysis of a silver-copper alloy denarius of the empress Julia Domna datable to 211–217 CE. The composition of the coin, beyond the surface enrichment layer, is 51 ± 1.8 % copper and 49 ± 1.9% silver, taken at a muon depth of 402 ± 61 µm. The surface enrichment layer is approximately 190 µm thick

Advocating for Experiential Learning Programs as Change Agents in Higher Education: Imagining a Justice Orientation that Centers Students and Partners while Enriching Practice

Excerpt The National Society for Experiential Education (NSEE) Fellows are academic professionals who engage in a community of practice and explore their practitioner-scholar identity through research and scholarly inquiry into experiential education. During some monthly meetings, the discussion focused on how to infuse equity, diversity, and inclusion in internship programs. The fellows ruminated on strategies to create quality internship programs and how to embed experiential learning opportunities into the curriculum so more students could access them. Collectively, these comments highlight what is not always stated but ever-present; that is, the fellows’ justice orientation. The monthly meeting of NSEE Fellows consistently explored our practices with experiential education programs, from internships and working with employers to teaching internship courses. During each meeting, the NSEE Fellows interrogated their practice, raised questions about experiential education programs, and inquired into the most promising approaches that fostered student success in the context of their higher education institutions. The core question that emerged during these meetings became: What are you advocating for in your experiential education program to foster student success

Teacher Perceptions of the Instructional Leadership Practices of Principals

In today’s world school leadership, particularly instructional leadership, has taken on a new look. The era of high- stakes accountability has changed almost everything. The instructional leader of the 80’s was presented as an efficient top-down, task oriented manager who was focused on curriculum and instruction rather than buildings and budgets (Lashway, 2002). Gone are the days when principals spent most of their time with bus schedules, fire drills, and general curriculum, says the National Association of Elementary Principals (Henry, 2001). Leaders must keep abreast of state and federal goals, the latest technologies and teaching practices, as well as learn to use data to identify learning gaps among all students

Experiential Learning Educators as Tempered Radicals and Social Change Agents in Higher Education: The NSEE Fellows Program as Reflective Practitioner-Scholars

Excerpt Experiential learning educators have long fought to justify this form of active learning in their curriculum (Hesser, 2013), and the past several decades have seen a resurgence of, and renewed interest in, experiential learning through forms of hands-on learning, such as: service-learning/community-based learning, educational internships, global study abroad experiences, and undergraduate research opportunities (Kuh, 2008). Given its distinct elements in planning, design, and implementation of teaching and learning (Heinrich and Green, 2020), and its potential outcomes that can lead to deep learning (Kuh, 2008), experiential learning requires educators to contribute ample amounts of time and energy in the planning and execution of such courses and programs. More importantly, another reason educators may utilize this pedagogical approach is to practice and advocate for a different paradigm of teaching and learning

Spectroscopic Determination of Chromium(VI) during the Reduction of Chromium(VI) to Chromium(III)

This is the published version. Copyright 1991 Society for Applied SpectroscopyReduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by thiourea between pH 3.0 and 5.5 is a key aspect of the chromium(VI)/thiourea/polyacrylamide gel polymer system used in enhanced oil recovery processes. A method has been developed to determine chromium(VI) concentration during the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) in this pH range. The reduction reaction is run in the presence of an acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer which reacts with the chromium(III) produced and prevents the formation of a brown precipitate which forms in the absence of the buffer. With interference from the precipitate eliminated, chromium(VI) concentration is determined from the visible absorbance of the reaction mixture and the unique molar absorptivity spectra of the five chromium species present in the reaction mixture. An average error of approximately 1% between known and measured chromium(VI) concentrations was demonstrated over a chromium(VI) concentration range from 0.0005 to 0.0025 M

Dust Flux Monitor Instrument measurements during Stardust-NExT Flyby of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

The Dust Flux Monitor Instrument (DFMI) on the Stardust and Stardust-NExT missions measured impacts from coma dust particles with masses from ∼10−15 to >10−6 kg using two kinds of sensors – one based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) thin films and the other on acoustic detectors (ACs) mounted on the front and second layers of the Whipple Bumper Shield. At the higher encounter speed of 10.9 km s−1 at Comet 9P/Tempel 1 compared with 6.12 km s−1 at 81P/Wild 2 encounter, the mass sensitivity of DFMI sensors increased by between a factor of 2 and 12 (depending on the sensor subsystem), but the spatial resolution (⩾1.09 km) decreased to approximately a half. The coma of Comet Tempel 1 exhibits highly non-uniform spatial distribution of dust, as found at comet Wild 2, with bursts of impacts of up to 1000 particles over km scales near closest approach surrounded by void regions of many kilometers with no impacts. These data are consistent with passage through clouds of particles resulting from fragmentation of larger aggregates emitted from the nucleus. These fragmentation products dominate the total dust production of small particles, with only a small contribution likely from direct emission from the nucleus. The derived overall mass distribution is similar to that found at comet Wild 2 with the total mass dominated by large particles. The average cumulative mass index α = 0.65 ± 0.08 (where the particle flux is defined by ϕ (>m) = km−α) but a better fit is obtained with α = 0.85 ± 0.08 for particle masses below 10−10 kg and a significantly lower value for higher masses