The impact of Epstein-Barr virus in non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Limfomageneza este un proces multifactorial. Anumitor agenți virali le este incriminat rolul carcinogen primar, printre care și Virusului Epstein-Barr (VEB). Este unul din cele mai răspîndite herpesvirusuri umane care induce diviziunea patologică a limfocitelor și condiționează dezvoltarea limfoamelor. Scopul lucrării. Cercetarea literaturii de specialitate în privința aspectelor biologice și evolutive ale limfoamelor non-Hodgkin (LNH) induse de VEB. Material și metode. Au fost revizuite studiile actuale în baza de date PubMed și Scopus, utilizând cuvintele-cheie: limfoame non-Hodgkin, Epstein-Barr. Au fost selectate datele despre metodele de confirmare a originii VEB a limfoamelor, tipurile imunohistochimice ale LNH VEB induse. Rezultate. Dintre subtipurile morfologice ale LNH, asocierea cauzală cu VEB este dovedită pentru tipurile agresive (10-50%), dintre care: extranodal cu celule NK/T, tip nazal și difuz cu celule mari B (DLBCL), limfomul Burkitt endemic. Ghidul ESMO stipulează pentru LNH DLBCL necesitatea confirmăirii subtipului VEB pozitiv, acesta influențând evoluția clinică. Hibridizarea in situ cu ARN-ul codificat al VEB (EBER) este standardul de aur pentru diagnosticul LNH VEB pozitive. Un instrument cu o sensibilitate și specificitate similară este menționată PCR cu detectarea ARN-ului în celulele maligne din bioptate parafinate. Pentru tipizarea fazei de latență a VEB se solicită detectarea antigenelor LMP 1 și EBNA2. Concluzii. Atât detectarea EBER cât și prezența ARN-ului VEB în LNH sunt asociate cu prognostic nefavorabil și răspuns slab la tratament. De interes se conturează cercetarea bioptatului tumoral prin metode standardizate accesibile, în vederea stratificării pacienților conform pozitivității pentru VEB, pentru individualizarea terapeutică.Background. Lymphomagenesis is a multifactorial process. Certain viral agents are recognized for their primary carcinogenic role, including the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). It is one of the most widespread human herpesviruses, which induces the pathological division of lymphocytes and conditions the development of lymphomas. Objective of the study. Literature review of biological and evolutionary aspects of EBV-induced non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). Material and methods. Current studies were reviewed in the PubMed and Scopus databases, using th

Surgical management of giant uterine leiomyoma

George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures,The 8th International Medical Congress for Students and Young Doctors, September 24-26, 2020Background. Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor encountered in female genital pathology. It originates from the level of the smooth muscle tissue, and from the morphological point of view, the tumor is well delimited, being surrounded by a pseudocapsule. Etiology is represented by a factors such as, genetic predisposition, sexual steroids and a number of growth factors with role in the processes of angio- and fibrogenesis which are the basis of this pathology, being found in 40-50% of the cases at the age of over 35 years. Case report. `We present the case of a 46-year-old patient who, following a CT scan performed for diffuse abdominal pain and intestinal transit disorders, showed a dense bulky tumor formation, with multiple hyperdense inclusions inside and well-defined areas of necrosis, with maximum axial diameters of 133/168/249 mm (LL / AP / CC), having as a starting point most likely the uterine upper pole A total hysterectomy is performed, with bilateral anexectomy, and the histopathological examination describes a giant subserosal leiomyofibroma of the uterus with signs of hyaline degeneration, left hydrosalpinx with strong stasis of the left tube, follicular hemorrhagic cysts of the left ovary, vascular stasis of the right tube, corpus albicans, corpus fibrosum and hemorrhagic follicular cyst of the right ovary. The objective of this study is to present the surgical management of giant uterine leiomyoma. The patient shows a favorable postoperative evolution and is discharged on 5th day in good general health, hemodynamically and respiratory stable. Conclusions. The annual gynecological screening of female patients leads to the early detection of uterine leiomyomas that can be surgically treated by myomectomy which preserves fertility and avoiding total hysterectomy instead of choosing laparoscopic approach that reduces the days of hospitalization and postop complications

Recent Deforestation Pattern Changes (2000-2017) in the Central Carpathians:A Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix and Fractal Analysis Approach

The paper explores the distribution of tree cover and deforested areas in the Central Carpathians in the central-east part of Romania, in the context of the anthropogenic forest disturbances and sustainable forest management. The study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal changes in deforested areas due to human pressure in the Carpathian Mountains, a sensitive biodiverse European ecosystem. We used an analysis of satellite imagery with Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (Landsat-7 ETM+) from the University of Maryland (UMD) Global Forest Change (GFC) dataset. The workflow started with the determination of tree cover and deforested areas from 2000–2017, with an overall accuracy of 97%. For the monitoring of forest dynamics, a Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix analysis (Entropy) and fractal analysis (Fractal Fragmentation-Compaction Index and Tug-of-War Lacunarity) were utilized. The increased fragmentation of tree cover (annually 2000–2017) was demonstrated by the highest values of the Fractal Fragmentation-Compaction Index, a measure of the degree of disorder (Entropy) and heterogeneity (Lacunarity). The principal outcome of the research reveals the dynamics of disturbance of tree cover and deforested areas expressed by the textural and fractal analysis. The results obtained can be used in the future development and adaptation of forestry management policies to ensure sustainable management of exploited forest areas

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages