63 research outputs found
Augustan Conquest of the Balkans in the Light of Triumphal Monuments
The article offers an interpretation of inscriptions from
the Sebasteion of Aphrodisias in Caria that represent Roman victories
in the Balkans during the reign of Augustus. Six inscriptions
from sc. αΌΞΈΞ½Ξ· series commemorate Danubian-Balkan tribes:
Japodes Andizetes, Pirustae, Dardani, Dacians, Bessi. These monuments
provide not only early epigraphic attestations of single
tribes but seem to illuminate, to some extent, the rΓ΄le that pacification
of the Danubian-Balkan regions played in Augustan propagandic
imagery
Greek, Latin and Palaeo-Balkan Languages in Contact
Focusing on the area of Danubian provinces of Roman Empire, this paper aims at touching upon linguistic diversity and language change in north-western Balkans in Roman epoch. Using epigraphic evidence, it will address the questions of the impact of the spread of Greek and Latin in this area, which led to a gradual extinction of the native, Palaeo-Balkan languages. In Antiquity, linguistic situation in this area was extremely complex: a great variety of languages came into close mutual contact and in contact with Greek and Latin, which became dominant. These Palaeo-Balkan languages are relict languages, and they are known almost exclusively through the onomastics recorded in Latin and Greek inscriptions and through rare glosses, i.e. by the time they came to be documented, their speakers were already Romanized or Hellenized. Most of the documents that record native onomastics are at the same time testaments of Romanization/Hellenization; however, these inscriptions bear witness that the native population preserved the memory of their ethnic and linguistic background
The Thracian Hero on the Danube New Interpretation of an Inscription from Diana
The paper looks at some aspects of the Thracian Hero cult on the Danube frontier of Upper Moesia inspired by a reinterpretation of a Latin votive inscription from Diana, which, as the paper proposes, was dedicated to Deo Totovitioni. Based on epigraphic analogies, the paper puts forth the view that it was a dedication to the Thracian Hero, since it is in the context of this particular cult that the epithet Totovitio has been attested in various variants (Toto-viti- / Toto-bisi- / Toto-ithi-)
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅. ΠΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅
The article aims at exploring the epigraphic evidence for socialreligious
associations of foreigners in the Roman province of Upper Moesia.
The members of these associations were united by a common background and
often by professional interests, and gathered around an ancestral cult.Π£ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΈ. Π§Π»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ, Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ
The Roman Roads Between Upper Moesia and Thrace: Archaeological and Epigraphic Evidence
The paper focuses on a little-known Roman vicinal communication that connected the River Timok region in Upper Moesia with the Roman town of Pautalia in the province of Thrace. In Roman times the most important feature of both of these two regions was mining activity. This road that connected two mining centres was most likely to have been used for the transport of ore. Although it is not mentioned in the extant Roman itineraries, it was certainly an important compendium between two Roman centres and was marked by milestones. This paper also reconsider
New and revised inscriptions from Dalmatia. Municipium Malvesiatium and municipium Splonistarum
This paper provides new epigraphic evidence from the Roman province of Dalmatia, more precisely from its easternmost parts, which belong today to Serbia. The present edition is based on our autopsy performed during 2015β2016 within the framework of the digitization project carried out by the Institute for Balkan Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
ΠΠ· Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Neptuno periculorum Absolutori
A new votive inscription from the territory of Doclea has recently been published. The reading of the text needs revision, and consequently, reinterpretation. The inscription should be read as follows: Neptuno Χ sacrum pΧericuloruΧm AbsoluΧtori PetroΧ5nius AspeΧr v(otum) s(olvit) Χ l(ibens) a(nimo). Neptuneβs attribute periculorum Absolutor appears here for the first time. The noun Β«AbsolutorΒ», i.e. Β«he who absolves, liberator Β», attested late in the narrative sources e.g. Cassiod. Var . XI, praef. 3, should be close to the Jupiterβs epithets Liberator or Servator. The dedication could be connected with a successful ending of a journey, possibly after being exposed to maritime perils: the dedicator may well be a person engaged in trade and businesses that involve transmarine voyage. His name - Petronius Asper - implies the connection with the large group of Italian settlers in Dalmatia, whose presence is attested in the province all through the Principate. Such relations are illustrated in the light of other Dalmatian examples
Civitates peregrinae in Illyricum in the times of the Principate based on the evidence of Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia and epigraphic sources
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (civitates peregrinae) Π½Π°ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ 9. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ civitates stipendiariae,ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ tributariae, Π° Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΠ² peregrinae ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½Π° (Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ ΡΠ ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ). ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π°Π²ΡΠ° ΞΞΞ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Naturalis historia ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π³. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ oΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° (ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠΎΠ½, Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ½,ΠΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.). Π£ Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Naturalis historia ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° (formulae provinciarum) ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Ξ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π³Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΞΞ, Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Ρ III Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ. Π Π°Π΄ Π±ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. Π¦ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ (ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ΅), ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΞβΞΞΞ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΠΆΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΊ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π²ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π²Π΅Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΡcivitates ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π», Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡ Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°.The dissertation is dedicated to studying peregrine communities (civitates peregrinae) inIllyricum, that is the Roman provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia which were created by thedivision of Illyricum in 9 A.D. In the establishment of the Roman provinces the localpopulation was organized into communities based on tribal affiliation. These tribalcommunities predominantly belonged to the category of civitates stipendiariae, that istributariae, while the designation peregrinae refers to the legal status of their populations,chiefly holding the status of peregrini (from a legal stance, foreigners within the Romanstate). Within the provinces explored in this dissertation, about fifty peregrine communitiesare known to have existed during the Principate. The main sources for these communitiesare epigraphic monuments and several chapters from the third book of Pliny the ElderβsNaturalis Historia. This text preserved the lists of peregrine communities and, since thelists originate from official documents (formulae provinciarum) from the early first century,they are deemed reliable. The inscriptions attest that the majority of peregrine communitiesPliny cited in his lists existed late into the second, and in some cases even in the thirdcentury. Apart from these, information about the tribes preserved in other Classical authorswas used (Appian, Cassius Dio, Strabo, Ptolemy, Velleius Paterculus etc.). This study aimsto offer a comprehensive overview of the administrative solutions in the province, Romanpolicies towards the indigenous population, its integration into the Roman state, and theprocess of Romanization. The goal is to temporally and spatially establish all the peregrineadministrative units in the provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia (Upper and Lower), theexistence of which in the first and second century A.D. is well attested. Special attention isdedicated to questions of continuity, transformation, and urbanization of these tribalcommunities. By an analysis of the epigraphic material it was determined that the birth oftowns within tribal territories frequently did not result in an inevitable abolition ofperegrine communities but that the civitates continued to exist separately, most likelydiminished. New epigraphic material, particularly the material in reference to the provinceof Pannonia, opens new avenues for research and requires a re-examination of the subject
Civitates peregrinae in Illyricum in the times of the pincipate based on the evidence of Piny the Elder's Naturalis historia and epigraphic sources
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (civitates peregrinae) Π½Π°
ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ 9. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ. Π’Π΅
ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ civitates stipendiariae,
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ tributariae, Π° Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΠ² peregrinae ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π΅
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½Π° (Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ Ρ
Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ). ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡΠΈ
Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π°Π²ΡΠ° ΞΞΞ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°
Naturalis historia ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π³. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ o
ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° (ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½, ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠΎΠ½, Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ½,
ΠΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.). Π£ Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Naturalis historia ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° (formulae provinciarum) Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Ξ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π³Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ
Ρ ΞΞ, Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Ρ III Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ. Π Π°Π΄ Π±ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. Π¦ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ (ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ΅), ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΞβΞΞΞ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΠΆΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ
Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΊ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°
Π²ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π²Π΅Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΡ
civitates ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π», Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡ Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°.The dissertation is dedicated to studying peregrine communities (civitates peregrinae) in
Illyricum, that is the Roman provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia which were created by the
division of Illyricum in 9 A.D. In the establishment of the Roman provinces the local
population was organized into communities based on tribal affiliation. These tribal
communities predominantly belonged to the category of civitates stipendiariae, that is
tributariae, while the designation peregrinae refers to the legal status of their populations,
chiefly holding the status of peregrini (from a legal stance, foreigners within the Roman
state). Within the provinces explored in this dissertation, about fifty peregrine communities
are known to have existed during the Principate. The main sources for these communities
are epigraphic monuments and several chapters from the third book of Pliny the Elderβs
Naturalis Historia. This text preserved the lists of peregrine communities and, since the
lists originate from official documents (formulae provinciarum) from the early first century,
they are deemed reliable. The inscriptions attest that the majority of peregrine communities
Pliny cited in his lists existed late into the second, and in some cases even in the third
century. Apart from these, information about the tribes preserved in other Classical authors
was used (Appian, Cassius Dio, Strabo, Ptolemy, Velleius Paterculus etc.). This study aims
to offer a comprehensive overview of the administrative solutions in the province, Roman
policies towards the indigenous population, its integration into the Roman state, and the
process of Romanization. The goal is to temporally and spatially establish all the peregrine
administrative units in the provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia (Upper and Lower), the
existence of which in the first and second century A.D. is well attested. Special attention is
dedicated to questions of continuity, transformation, and urbanization of these tribal
communities. By an analysis of the epigraphic material it was determined that the birth of
towns within tribal territories frequently did not result in an inevitable abolition of
peregrine communities but that the civitates continued to exist separately, most likely
diminished. New epigraphic material, particularly the material in reference to the province
of Pannonia, opens new avenues for research and requires a re-examination of the subject
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