Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of Sr_{2}LaFe_{3}O_{9}

Using a Dirac-Heisenberg Hamiltonian with biquadratic exchange interactions, we study the effect of iron disproportionation on the magnetic ordering, and describe the first-order magnetic transition occurring in the perovskite Sr_{2}LaFe_{3}O_{9}. Upon fitting the experimental data, we give an estimate of the exchange integrals for the antiferromagntic and ferromagnetic interactions, in agreement with previous works on kindered compounds. Spin-wave theory yields a magnon spectrum with a gapless antiferromagnetic mode together with two gapped ferromagnetic ones.Comment: 8 pages of RevTex, 5 figures (available upon request), submitted to J. Mag. Mag. Ma

Diabetes mellitus type 2: the relationship of baseline clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters with long-term major adverse cardiovascular events

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The search for factors interrelated with the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with T2DM over a long period of observation is urgent.Aim: To reveal the relationship of clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters with the development of long-term MACE in T2DM.Materials and methods: 94 patients with T2DM (mean age — 55,3 ± 5,5 years, 65% of women) without manifestations of moderate and severe chronic heart failure (CHF), impaired renal function, severe somatic pathology underwent a ­complete clinical and laboratory examination. Echocardiography and 6-minute walk test (6mwt) were performed. The plasma level of the N-terminal propeptide of natriuretic hormone B-type (NT-proBNP) was determined. The variability of fasting blood glucose and intraday glycemic variability were measured by calculating the standard deviation (SD) and the coefficient of variation (CV) of at least 3 blood glucose values for 3 days. Analysis of MACE (death from any cause, myocardial infarction, stroke, decompensation of CHF, myocardial revascularization for emergency indications) was performed after 8,8 ± 0,72 years (n=88). Patients with T2DM were divided into 2 groups — without MACE (group 1, n=54) and with MACE (group 2, n=34). The search for predictors of long-term MACE in T2DM was carried out using the method of logistic regression.Results: Initially, group 2 differed from group 1 in a longer duration of T2DM, a higher incidence of stable coronary heart disease (55,9% vs 27,8%, p = 0,008), a higher presence of albuminuria>30 mg/day (66,7% vs 37,3% , p=0,008), a higher presence of initial symptoms of CHF (67,8% vs 21,8%, p=0,001), greater fasting glucose variability (SD 2,07 mmol/l vs 1,2 mmol/l, p=0,003), greater intraday glucose variability (SD 2,3 mmol/l vs 1,6 mmol/l, p=0,001, CV 28,2% vs 18,8%, p=0,001), higher levels of NT-proBNP (46,9 pg/ml vs 24,2 pg/ml, p=0,012), larger left atrial size (4,4 cm vs 4,1 cm, p=0,039), shorter 6mwt distance. The logistic regression method revealed the parameters that are most interconnected with long-term MACE in T2DM: intraday glycemic CV (p=0,0012), left atrial size (p=0,02) and initial manifestations of CHF (p=0,03).Conclusion: The development of long-term MACE in T2DM is associated with an increase in glycemic variability, an increase in NT-proBNP level, an increase in the left atrial size, and a decrease in exercise tolerance. According to logistic regression data, the most significant indicators associated with adverse outcomes are an increase in intraday glycemic CV, an increase in the left atrial size, and the presence of initial symptoms of CHF

Factors associated with long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim. To identify factors associated with long-term adverse cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. The study included 94 T2D patients aged 40 to 65 years with or without early symptoms of heart failure (HF). Patients underwent clinical and laboratory investigations, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and echocardiography. Concentration of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was determined. After 8,8±0,72 years of follow-up, the prevalence of following CVEs among patients were assessed: any-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, emergency myocardial revascularization, hospitalization due to decompensated HF. We assessed the relationship between the development of long-term CVEs in T2D patients and the initial characteristics using logistic regression model.Results. Over a period of 8,8±0,72 years, CVEs occurred in 34 out of 88 (38,6%) patients with T2D. The baseline 6MWT values were lower in patients with CVEs (391,8±56,2 m vs 418,8±53,9 m, p=0,04). Stable coronary artery disease (55,9% vs 27,8%, p=0,008), early-stage HF (61,8% vs 27,8%; p=0,0016) were more common among patients with CVEs. Patients with CVEs had higher median initial NT-proBNP (46,9 pg/ml vs 24,2 pg/ml, p=0,01) and mean left atrial (LA) size (4,5±0,6 cm vs 4,19±0,5 cm, p=0,04) levels. The logistic regression established following factors associated with long-term CVEs in patients with T2D: NT-proBNP level (p=0,05), LA size (p=0,01), and 6MWT results (p=0,002).Conclusion. The development of long-term CVEs in middle-aged T2D patients with or without early-stage HF is associated with an initially increased NT-proBNP levels, an increase in left atrial size, and a decrease in 6MWT values. Further prospective studies with larger samples are needed to identify other factors affecting outcome in patients with early signs of HF

Magnetostructure of MnAs on GaAs revisited

The ferromagnetic to nonferromagnetic (α-β) phase transition in epitaxial MnAs layers on GaAs(100) is studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray magnetic linear dichroism photoemission electron microscopy in order to elucidate the nature of the controversial nonferromagnetic state of β-MnAs. In the coexistence region of the two phases the β phase shows a clear XMLD signal characteristic of antiferromagnetism. The nature and the possible causes of the elusiveness of this magnetic state are discussed

Start-up strategie hotelu v Sochi resort

This bachelor thesis focuses on start-up strategy of a hotel in Sochi Resort, which could be useful for people who are interested in opening a hotel in Russia. The main objective is to explain the main stages, which should be made and considered before opening a hotel in Russia. The first part focuses on the general idea of a hotel industry in Russia, which has some distinguishing features. The second part focuses on pre-opening stages. The third part is a description of a hotel business plan

Konsultointialan yrityksen perustaminen Etelä-Karjalaan

Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten perustetaan Venäjän kaupan konsultointiyritys Etelä-Karjalaan. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan, onko Etelä-Karjalan alueella yrityksiä, jotka järjestävät konsultointi- ja käännöspalveluita venäläisille sekä onko kyseessä olevalla alueella sellaisia yrityksiä, jotka auttavat suomalaisia yrityksiä etsimään yhteistyökumppaneita Venäjältä ja järjestävät markkinatutkimuksia ja selvityksiä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan, millaisia muita organisaatioita Lappeenrannan alueella on. Opinnäytetyön teoriaosuus koostuu kahdesta pääluvusta. Ensimmäisessä luvussa selvitetään, mikä liiketoimintasuunnitelma on. Toisessa pääluvussa tarkastellaan millainen on Venäjän kaupan konsultointi toimialana Etelä-Karjalassa. Teoriaosuuden aineisto koostuu tietokirjallisuudesta, artikkeleista sekä sähköisistä lähteistä. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osuus käsittelee Venäjän kaupan yrityksen perustamisprosessia sekä yrittäjän silmin, että niiden organisaatioiden näkökulmasta, jotka tarjoavat neuvontapalveluita yrittäjille. Haastatteluja varten käytiin sekä yrittäjien luona että yrityspalveluorganisaatioissa. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin laadullista tutkimusta. Tutkimustieto kerättiin teemahaastattelun avulla jossa oli 12 teemaa yrityksille ja 7 teemakysymystä yrityspalveluorganisaatioille. Tutkimuksesta käy ilmi, että liiketoimintasuunnitelma on hyvä työkalu uudelle yritykselle sekä jo olemassa olevalle. Etelä-Karjalan alueella on olemassa Venäjän kaupan yrityksiä. Venäjä ja Etelä-Karjala ovat maantieteellisesti lähellä ja yhteistyö niiden kesken on välttämätöntä. Toisaalta yrityspalveluorganisaatioita alueella myös on. Ne ovat esimerkiksi Kaakkois-Suomen ELY-keskus, Wirma Lappeenranta, Imatran Seudun Kehitysyhtiö Oy. Yrityspalveluille on haastattelun mukaan kysyntää. Alueen yrityspalveluorganisaatioilta saa apua myös venäjäksi. Venäjän kaupan yrityksen ja konsultointialan erityispiirteinä haastattelun mukaan ovat venäjän kulttuurin ja tavan toimia välttämätön tuntemus, sopiva koulutus ja hyvä verkosto. Konsultointialan yrityksen on oltava monipuolinen ja monialainen, siihen voi kuulua tulkkaus, kääntäminen, asiointitulkkaus sekä konsultointi tuonti- ja vientiasioihin. Konsultointia ei kannata rajata alueellisesti, sillä asiakkaita voivat olla muualta ja saattavat toimia laajimmalla alueella.The aim of this thesis was to find out how to set up a Russian trade consulting company in South Karelia. The study examines whether there are companies that organize consulting and translation services to the Russians in South Karelia, as well as whether there are companies that help Finnish companies find partners in Russia, organize market surveys and studies, in the area. Furthermore, the study explores what kind of other organizations there are in the area of South Karelia. The theoretical part of the study consists of two main chapters. The first chapter explains what a business plan is. The second chapter examines the features of Russian trade consulting companies in South Karelia. Sources include literature, articles, and electronic sources. The empirical part of the study deals with the Russian trade company formation process from an entrepreneur's view as well as from the perspective of the organizations that provides consulting services to entrepreneurs. Interviews were held with entrepreneurs and with start-up service organizations. The research method utilized was a qualitative research. Research data was collected by theme interviews with 12 subjects for entrepreneurs and seven for start-up service organizations. The study results show that a business plan is a good tool for a new company, as well as for an existing one. There are Russian trading companies in the South Karelia region. Russia and South Karelia are geographically close and cooperation between them is essential. On the other hand, there are also start-up service organizations in the region. They are, for example, the Southeast Finland Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, Wirma Lappeenranta Oy, and Imatra Region Development Company. There is demand for business consultancy services in the area according to the interviews. Area start-up service organizations provide services also in the Russian language. Furthermore, distinct characteristics of Russian trading companies and the field of consultancy include: indispensable knowledge of Russian culture and way of working, proper education, and a good network. A consultancy company should be versatile and multi-disciplinary; it may include interpretation, translation, every-day interpreting, consulting, and import-export matters. Consultancy practices should not be restricted to regions

Проблемы интерференции

The article is devoted to the notion of interference and the problems associated with this linguistic phenomenon. During the research the mechanisms of interference were identified, its general and linguistic reasons as well as the levels of the language where it acts. The sound interference is considered in details in the article on the example of the vowel system of the English language.Статья посвящена понятию интерференции и проблемам, связанным с данным языковым явлением. В ходе исследования были выявлены механизмы интерференции, ее общие и непосредственно лингвистические причины, а также уровни языка, на которых она действует. Более подробно в статье рассматривается звуковая интерференция на примере вокалической системы английского языка

The role of brain natriuretic peptide and NT- probrain natriuretic peptide in diagnostics of chronic heart failure and asymptomaticleft ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

В обзоре обобщены данные о мозговом натрийуретическом пептиде (МНП) и N-проМНП, их роли для диагностики хронической сердечнойнедостаточности (ХСН) и бессимптомной дисфункции левого желудочка при сахарном диабете 2 типа