Wie entstehen Themen in der Planungswissenschaft?

Welchen Gegenständen die Planungswissenschaft besondere Aufmerksamkeit beimisst, unterliegt einem dynamischen Wandel. Themen wie Nachhaltigkeit, Soziale Stadt oder Metropolregionen spielten zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten eine markante Rolle. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es bemerkenswert, dass innerhalb der Planungswissenschaft bislang nur sehr vereinzelt Untersuchungen vorliegen zu der grundsätzlichen Frage, warum einzelne Themen zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Planungsforschung aufkommen und später wieder abklingen. Damit fehlt es auch an Modellen, die erklären könnten, warum ein planungswissenschaftliches Thema eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit erhält. Zwar besitzen Themen wie die oben genannten augenscheinlich eine Relevanz. Ohne Weiteres kann aber weder der Auslöser, noch der Zeitpunkt oder der Verlauf einer Themenkarriere nachvollzogen werden. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich Aufmerksamkeit für ein Thema in der Planung konstituiert und entwickelt. Ausgehend von der Untersuchung der Beispiele "Klimawandel" und "Schrumpfende Städte" wird aufgezeigt, welche Faktoren für die Entstehung von Themen maßgeblich sind. Mit einem wissenschaftssoziologischen Blick werden Handlungsorientierungen von Planungswissenschaftlern aufgedeckt. Mithilfe einer Netzwerkanalyse werden zentrale Akteure, deren Publikationen sowie wichtige Zeitabschnitte identifiziert und untersucht. Eine lexikometrische Diskursanalyse nimmt darüber hinaus inhaltliche Kontexte und Begriffszusammenhänge in den Blick. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Plädoyer, das Verständnis von Themenkarrieren als integralen Bestandteil von Raumforschung und Raumplanung zu vertiefen, weil sie als wesentliches Strukturierungselement die Planungswissenschaft sowie die Planungspraxis nachhaltig verändern.To which topics planning studies attach attention is subject to dynamic change. Issues such as sustainability, socially integrative cities or metropolitan regions played prominent roles at different times. Against this background, it is noteworthy that within planning studies so far only few studies focus on the fundamental question of why certain topics arise at a certain time in planning research and later subside again. There are no models that could explain why a planning topic receives particular attention. While there is no doubt that topics as those mentioned above are fundamental for planning thought, we cannot explain the timing and causation of their emergence on top of the agenda. This article explores the question of how attention is constituted and developed for a topic in planning studies. Building on political science and communication sociology approaches, an issue-attention cycle is conceptualized as the socially determined development process of an issue. Using the cases of "climate change" and "shrinking cities", issue-attention cycles in planning studies are examined exemplarily on the basis of a phase heuristic. Taking a sociology of science perspective, orientations of actions by planning scholars are revealed. A network analysis identifies and explores key actors, their publications, and crucial events for the development of both topics. In addition, a lexicometric discourse analysis examines contents and conceptual contexts. Finally, a qualitative survey explores how and why scientists pick certain topics as part of their individual research biographies. The article concludes with a plea to consider issue-attention cycles as an integral part of planning studies since they strongly affect the prioritization of problems, aims and policies within the scientific realm and beyond

Inter-laboratory mass spectrometry dataset based on passive sampling of drinking water for non-target analysis

Non-target analysis (NTA) employing high-resolution mass spectrometry is a commonly applied approach for the detection of novel chemicals of emerging concern in complex environmental samples. NTA typically results in large and information-rich datasets that require computer aided (ideally automated) strategies for their processing and interpretation. Such strategies do however raise the challenge of reproducibility between and within different processing workflows. An effective strategy to mitigate such problems is the implementation of inter-laboratory studies (ILS) with the aim to evaluate different workflows and agree on harmonized/standardized quality control procedures. Here we present the data generated during such an ILS. This study was organized through the Norman Network and included 21 participants from 11 countries. A set of samples based on the passive sampling of drinking water pre and post treatment was shipped to all the participating laboratories for analysis, using one pre-defined method and one locally (i.e. in-house) developed method. The data generated represents a valuable resource (i.e. benchmark) for future developments of algorithms and workflows for NTA experiments

Kinetics of Oil Exchange in Nanoemulsions Prepared with the Phase Inversion Concentration Method

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are metastable emulsions with droplet sizes between 20 and 100 nm and with a wide range of applications, for example, in polymerization, in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, and as drug delivery systems. Even though they are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, they can be metastable over relatively long times and have the advantage that they can be formed easily by low energy input methods. In particular, the phase inversion concentration (PIC) method allows the formation of NEs by the dilution of a suitable mixture of oil and surfactants with water. In this paper, we investigate the kinetics of the oil exchange process of NEs formed by the PIC method by looking at the exchange of different hydrophobic oils and by employing contrast variation stopped flow small-angle neutron scattering. These experiments demonstrate that this exchange becomes substantially slower by increasing the chain length of the alkane. This indicates a mechanism where monomer exchange is relevant, which would indicate also that for aging one would expect Ostwald ripening to be the determining factor. Such investigations can be carried out in a unique fashion by means of neutron scattering, and the results have important implications for the optimization of NE formulations

The Clathrin Adaptor Gga2p Is a Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate Effector at the Golgi Exit

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) is a key regulator of membrane transport required for the formation of transport carriers from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The molecular mechanisms of PI(4)P signaling in this process are still poorly understood. In a search for PI(4)P effector molecules, we performed a screen for synthetic lethals in a background of reduced PI(4)P and found the gene GGA2. Our analysis uncovered a PI(4)P-dependent recruitment of the clathrin adaptor Gga2p to the TGN during Golgi-to-endosome trafficking. Gga2p recruitment to liposomes is stimulated both by PI(4)P and the small GTPase Arf1p in its active conformation, implicating these two molecules in the recruitment of Gga2p to the TGN, which ultimately controls the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. PI(4)P binding occurs through a phosphoinositide-binding signature within the N-terminal VHS domain of Gga2p resembling a motif found in other clathrin interacting proteins. These data provide an explanation for the TGN-specific membrane recruitment of Gga2p

MassIVE MSV000087368 - GNPS Inter-laboratory dataset from a collaborative trial for future use in the development of non-target analysis

This study was organized through the Norman Network and included 21 participants from 11 countries. A set of samples based on the passive sampling of drinking water pre and post treatment was shipped to all the participating laboratories for analysis, using one pre-defined method and one locally (i.e. in-house) developed method. The data generated represents a valuable resource (i.e. benchmark) for future developments of algorithms and workflows for NTA experiments