The in vitro effects of resistin on the innate immune signaling pathway in isolated human subcutaneous adipocytes

Context: Obesity-associated inflammation is a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); the mechanisms underlying the progression to T2DM are unclear. The adipokine resistin has demonstrated pro-inflammatory properties in relation to obesity and T2DM. Objective: To characterize resistin expression in human obesity and address the role of resistin in the innate immune pathway. Furthermore, examine the influence of lipopolysaccharide, recombinant human resistin (rhResistin), insulin and rosiglitazone in human adipocytes. Finally, analyze the effect of rhResistin on the expression of components of the NF-κB pathway and insulin signaling cascade. Methods: Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from patients undergoing elective liposuction surgery (n = 35, aged: 36-49 yr; BMI: 26.5 ± 5.9 kg/m2). Isolated adipocytes were cultured with rhResistin (10-50 ng/ml). The level of cytokine secretion from isolated adipocytes was examined by ELISA. The effect of rhResistin on protein expression of components of the innate immune pathway was examined by Western blot. Results: In-vitro studies demonstrated that antigenic stimuli increase resistin secretion (P < 0.001) from isolated adipocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were increased in response to rhResistin (P < 0.001); this was attenuated by rosiglitazone (P < 0.01). When examining components of the innate immune pathway, rhResistin stimulated Toll-like receptor-2 protein expression. Similarly, mediators of the insulin signaling pathway, phosphospecific JNK1 and JNK2, were upregulated in response to rhResistin. Conclusion: Resistin may participate in more than one mechanism to influence pro-inflammatory cytokine release from human adipocytes; potentially via the integration of NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways

Introduction to special section: Analog modeling as an aid to structural interpretation

Analog modeling provides the exploration and production industry with one of the most powerful and visual tools to understand the 4D structural evolution of sedimentary basins and individual or families of structures within those basins

Geomorphic assessment of the tectonic activity of Qiulitagh fold-belt, Kuqa foreland basin, Xinjiang, China

International audienc

Geomorphic assessment of the tectonic activity of Qiulitagh fold-belt, Kuqa foreland basin, Xinjiang, China

International audienc

3‐D Structure of the Variscan Thrust Front in Northern France: New Insights From Seismic Reflection Profiles

International audienceIn NW Europe, the late Carboniferous Variscan collision between the Laurussia and the Armorica-Gondwana continental blocks led to the development of a crustal-scale north-verging thrust system along the southern Laurussian margin. In northern France, the 3-D geometry and kinematics of the Variscan deformation front have been investigated on the basis of reprocessing and interpreting 532 km of industry-level seismic reflection profiles. This extensive seismic imaging provides new constraints on the structural and kinematic features of the orogenic front. It particularly emphasizes the localization of displacement along the main frontal thrust zone that accommodated more than 50 km of total displacement of the allochthonous units above the foreland. It also highlights the induced large underthrusting of the foreland basin below the frontal thrust zone, and its truncation in a general out-of-sequence mode of thrust propagation. We built structural maps that led to better delineating a major NW-SE lateral ramp along the main frontal thrust. The Mid-Upper Devonian series within the flexured foreland were deformed at depth by N060–080° trending and N110–130° trending syn-sedimentary normal faults that led to their south-to southwestward thickening. These pre-existing structures along the margin have exerted a primary control on the ensuing dynamics and geometry of the Northern Variscan Front by localizing both the frontal and lateral ramps during thrust wedge growth