1,172 research outputs found
EOS: A project to investigate the design and construction of real-time distributed embedded operating systems
The EOS project is investigating the design and construction of a family of real-time distributed embedded operating systems for reliable, distributed aerospace applications. Using the real-time programming techniques developed in co-operation with NASA in earlier research, the project staff is building a kernel for a multiple processor networked system. The first six months of the grant included a study of scheduling in an object-oriented system, the design philosophy of the kernel, and the architectural overview of the operating system. In this report, the operating system and kernel concepts are described. An environment for the experiments has been built and several of the key concepts of the system have been prototyped. The kernel and operating system is intended to support future experimental studies in multiprocessing, load-balancing, routing, software fault-tolerance, distributed data base design, and real-time processing
Physico-Chemical Differences Between Particle- and Molecule-Derived Toxicity: Can We Make Inherently Safe Nanoparticles?
The rapidly growing applications of nanotechnology require a detailed understanding of benefits and risks, particularly in toxicology. The present study reviews the physical and chemical differences between particles and molecules when interacting with living organisms. In contrast
to classical chemicals, the mobility of nanoparticles is governed by agglomeration, a clustering process that changes the characteristic size of the nanomaterials during exposure, toxicity tests or in the environment. The current status of nanotoxicology highlights non-classical toxic interactions
through catalytic processes inside living cells and the enhanced heavy metal transport into the cytosol through the 'Trojan horse mechanism'. The safety of nanoparticles in consumer goods is proposed to be rendered inherently safer by substituting the currently used persistent oxides through
biodegradable materials
What Does an Exemplary Middle School Mathematics Teacher Look Like? The Use of a Professional Development Rubric
A School University Research Network (SURN) committee composed of current mathematics teachers, central office math supervisors, building administrators, mathematicians, and mathematics educators researched numerous sources regarding best practices in mathematics instruction. The resulting professional development rubric synthesizes their findings and can serve a professional development role by providing teachers and administrators with a tool to develop clarity and consensus on best mathematics instructional practices, and how these practices are implemented in the classroom. It is also being used as a tool for cooperating teachers in their supervision of student teachers and as a reflective method for self-evaluation
Memory-assisted Statistically-ranked RF Beam Training Algorithm for Sparse MIMO
This paper presents a novel radio frequency (RF) beam training algorithm for
sparse multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels using unitary RF
beamforming codebooks at transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). The algorithm
leverages statistical knowledge from past beam data for expedited beam search
with statistically-minimal training overheads. Beams are tested in the order of
their ranks based on their probabilities for providing a communication link.
For low beam entropy scenarios, statistically-ranked beam search performs
excellent in reducing the average number of beam tests per Tx-Rx beam pair
identification for a communication link. For high beam entropy cases, a hybrid
algorithm involving both memory-assisted statistically-ranked (MarS) beam
search and multi-level (ML) beam search is also proposed. Savings in training
overheads increase with decrease in beam entropy and increase in MIMO channel
dimensions.Comment: Under peer-review for IEEE Globecom 201
Advanced piezoresistance of extended metal/insulator core shell nanoparticle assemblies
Assembled metal/insulator nanoparticles with a core/shell geometry provide
access to materials containing a large number (>106) of tunneling barriers. We
demonstrate the production of ceramic coated metal nanoparticles exhibiting an
exceptional pressure sensitive conductivity. We further show that graphene bi-
and trilayers on 20 nm copper nanoparticles are insulating in such core/shell
geometry and show a similar pressure dependent conductivity. This demonstrates
that core/shell metal/insulator assemblies offer a route to alternative sensing
materials.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, published in Physical Review Letter
A Dissipative-Particle-Dynamics Model for Simulating Dynamics of Charged Colloid
A mesoscopic colloid model is developed in which a spherical colloid is
represented by many interacting sites on its surface. The hydrodynamic
interactions with thermal fluctuations are taken accounts in full using
Dissipative Particle Dynamics, and the electrostatic interactions are simulated
using Particle-Particle-Particle Mesh method. This new model is applied to
investigate the electrophoretic mobility of a charged colloid under an external
electric field, and the influence of salt concentration and colloid charge are
systematically studied. The simulation results show good agreement with
predictions from the electrokinetic theory.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, submitted to the proceedings of High Performance
Computing in Science & Engineering '1
On the importance of hydrodynamic interactions in polyelectrolyte electrophoresis
The effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the free-solution electrophoresis
of polyelectrolytes is investigated with coarse-grained molecular dynamics
simulations. By comparing the results to simulations with switched-off
hydrodynamic interactions, we demonstrate their importance in modelling the
experimentally observed behaviour. In order to quantify the hydrodynamic
interactions between the polyelectrolyte and the solution, we present a novel
way to estimate its effective charge. We obtain an effective friction that is
different from the hydrodynamic friction obtained from diffusion measurements.
This effective friction is used to explain the constant electrophoretic
mobility for longer chains. To further emphasize the importance of hydrodynamic
interactions, we apply the model to end-labeled free-solution electrophoresis.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens.
Matte
Device for continuous extracorporeal blood purification using target-specific metal nanomagnets
Background. The present work illustrates how magnetic separation-based blood purification using ultra-strong iron nanomagnets can be implemented into an extracorporeal blood purification circuit. By this promising technique, today's blood purification may be extended to specifically filter high-molecular compounds without being limited by filter cut-offs or column surface saturation. Methods. Blood spiked with digoxin (small molecule drug) and interleukin-1β (inflammatory protein) was circulated ex vivo through a device composed of approved blood transfusion lines. Target-specific nanomagnets were continuously injected and subsequently recovered with the aid of a magnetic separator before recirculating the blood. Results. Magnetic blood purification was successfully carried out under flow conditions: already in single-pass experiments, removal efficiencies reached values of 75 and 40% for digoxin and interleukin-1β, respectively. Circulating 0.5 L of digoxin-intoxicated blood in a closed loop, digoxin concentration was decreased from initially toxic to therapeutic concentrations within 30 min and purification extents of 90% were achieved after 1.5 h. Conclusions. Magnetic separation can be successfully implemented into an extracorporeal blood purification device. Simultaneous and specific filtering of high-molecular compounds may offer promising new therapeutic tools for the future treatment of complex diseases, such as sepsis and autoimmune disorder
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