Health and the economy: three essays

The main questions of this thesis are how a period of in utero malnutrition can impact the health of young children and their later development, and how job promotions can affect health. In the first chapter I analyse to what extent the South-East Asian financial crisis affected the height of Indonesian children who had in utero exposure to the crisis. I find that they are significantly shorter than children who were exposed at later ages. There is a large difference in effect for urban and rural children. This finding helps attribute the detrimental health effects to the crisis and not other events which occurred during the period of analysis. The second chapter exploits the exogenous shock of the crisis to analyse how early childhood height causes later cognitive development. I argue that this question should be analysed using instrumental variables. The results show a large and significant effect of early childhood height on cognitive ability and the use of instrumental variables changes the results significantly compared to OLS with or without fixed effects. Lastly, I analyse how on the job promotions of British civil servants affect health. In a cross-section, the direction of causality is almost certainly two-way. I argue that the use of individual fixed effects will alleviate this concern. The results show a large, positive effect of a job promotion on health in the subsequent survey phase

Høy innvandring til Norge : Hvem kommer, og hvorfor kommer de?

Høy innvandring har medvirket til at Norge nå er blant de landene i Europa som opplever den raskeste befolkningsveksten. I 2011 var nettoinnvandringen til Norge på rekordhøye 47 000 personer, og i gjennomsnitt har nettoinnvandringen vært på over 40 000 personer de fem siste årene. I denne artikkelen forsøker vi med utgangspunkt i offisiell statistikk å gi en oversikt over de innvandrerne som kommer. Samtidig prøver vi å si noe om hvilke faktorer som driver flyttestrømmene ved å se på forskjellene i innvandringen fra ulike land