107 research outputs found

    La surveillance épidémiologique du risque de cancer

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    La santé fait partie intégrante du bien être. Certaines maladies bénignes sont faciles à supporter, surtout si elles durent quelques jours seulement. En revanche, d'autres maladies sévères sont lourdes, tant sur le plan individuel que collectif. Le cancer est l'une d'entre elles ; les risques de mortalité sont variables selon l'organe touché, mais, dans tous les cas, une prise en charge par le corps médical s'impose durant des temps longs, souvent plusieurs années. Aussi, des réseaux de surveillance, où médecins et géographes collaborent, ont-ils vu le jour pour mieux cerner les causes de ce fléau ; et, peut-être, en réduire le taux d'incidence1

    Gut Microbiota Associated with Clostridioides difficile Carriage in Three Clinical Groups (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, C. difficile Infection and Healthcare Workers) in Hospital Field

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    peer reviewedClostridioides difficile is an anaerobic spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium. C. difficile carriage and 16S rDNA profiling were studied in three clinical groups at three different sampling times: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, C. difficile infection (CDI) patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). Diversity analysis was realized in the three clinical groups, the positive and negative C. difficile carriage groups and the three analysis periods. Concerning the three clinical groups, β-diversity tests showed significant differences between them, especially between the HCW group and IBD group and between IBD patients and CDI patients. The Simpson index (evenness) showed a significant difference between two clinical groups (HCWs and IBD). Several genera were significantly different in the IBD patient group (Sutterella, Agathobacter) and in the CDI patient group (Enterococcus, Clostridioides). Concerning the positive and negative C. difficile carriage groups, β-diversity tests showed significant differences. Shannon, Simpson and InvSimpson indexes showed significant differences between the two groups. Several genera had significantly different relative prevalences in the negative group (Agathobacter, Sutterella, Anaerostipes, Oscillospira) and the positive group (Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae_ge and Enterobacterales_ge). A microbiota footprint was detected in C. difficile-positive carriers. More experiments are needed to test this microbiota footprint to see its impact on C. difficile infection

    Rapid response to the M_w 4.9 earthquake of November 11, 2019 in Le Teil, Lower RhĂ´ne Valley, France

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    On November 11, 2019, a Mw 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower RhĂ´ne Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to large damages it produced in several villages. InSAR interferograms indicated a shallow rupture about 4 km long reaching the surface and the reactivation of the ancient NE-SW La Rouviere normal fault in reverse faulting in agreement with the present-day E-W compressional tectonics. The peculiarity of this earthquake together with a poor coverage of the epicentral region by permanent seismological and geodetic stations triggered the mobilisation of the French post-seismic unit and the broad French scientific community from various institutions, with the deployment of geophysical instruments (seismological and geodesic stations), geological field surveys, and field evaluation of the intensity of the earthquake. Within 7 days after the mainshock, 47 seismological stations were deployed in the epicentral area to improve the Le Teil aftershocks locations relative to the French permanent seismological network (RESIF), monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of microearthquakes close to the fault plane and temporal evolution of the seismic response of 3 damaged historical buildings, and to study suspected site effects and their influence in the distribution of seismic damage. This seismological dataset, completed by data owned by different institutions, was integrated in a homogeneous archive and distributed through FDSN web services by the RESIF data center. This dataset, together with observations of surface rupture evidences, geologic, geodetic and satellite data, will help to unravel the causes and rupture mechanism of this earthquake, and contribute to account in seismic hazard assessment for earthquakes along the major regional CĂ©venne fault system in a context of present-day compressional tectonics

    Effets d'une procédure incitative associée à une identification de l'action sur des comportements et attitudes professionnelles de salariés

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    International audienceThe application of incitative “behavioural” procedures may cost time and energy, particularly in an organizational context (Joule & Beauvois, 1998). Our research uses the “Foot-in-the-door” technique (Freedman & Fraser, 1966) applying by email with employees of a large company. We complete this technique by testing out a variable, not much yet tested, although determining in the observed effects: action identification (Vallacher & Wegner, 1985). The findings show a response rate to the target request and a mean of affective commitment to the organization (Allen & Meyer, 1990) greater in the F.I.T.D. condition, particularly when the action identification level is high. The findings are discussed in terms of commitment theory (Kiesler, 1971; Joule & Beauvois 1998) and action identification theory.L’application de techniques incitatives « comportementales » peut s’avérer parfois contraignante, notamment dans une organisation (Joule & Beauvois, 1998). Notre recherche s’appuie sur la technique du « Pied-dans-la-porte » (Freedman & Fraser, 1966) mise en œuvre par e-mail auprès de salariés d’une grande entreprise. Nous manipulons également une variable encore peu expérimentée, bien que déterminante dans les effets observés : l’identification de l’action (Vallacher & Wegner, 1985). Les résultats révèlent une réalisation de la requête cible et une moyenne de l’implication organisationnelle affective (Allen & Meyer, 1990) supérieures en condition P.D.L.P., particulièrement lorsque le niveau d’identification est élevé. Les résultats sont discutés en référence aux théories de l’engagement (Kiesler, 1971; Joule & Beauvois, 1998) et de l’identification de l’action

    Effets comportementaux et attitudinaux d’une procédure de Pied-dans-la-porte en entreprise

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    International audienceThe present research investigates attitudinal and behavioral effects of a Foot-in-the-door paradigm (Freedman & Fraser, 1966), adapted to a company world. Moreover, it measures the impact of a variable whose integration to the paradigm has been discussed (Joule and Beauvois, 1998; Joule, Py & Bernard, 2004) although its effect has not been experimentally demonstrated: Action Identification (Vallacher and Wegner, 1985). Results show a response rate to the target request and a mean of affective commitment to the organization (Allen & Meyer, 1990) higher in the F.I.T.D. condition, particularly when the level of action identification is taking into account. Results are discussed in terms of commitment theory and action identification theory.La présente recherche se propose d’investiguer les effets comportementaux et attitudinaux d’une procédure de Pied-dans-la-porte (Freedman & Fraser, 1966) adaptée au monde de l’entreprise, et ce en mesurant l’impact d’une variable subsidiaire dont l’intégration au paradigme a été discutée (Joule et Beauvois, 1998 ; Joule, Py & Bernard, 2004) bien que son impact n’ait pas été expérimentalement montré : l’identification de l’action (Vallacher et Wegner, 1985). Les résultats présentent une réalisation de la requête cible et une moyenne d’implication organisationnelle affective (Allen & Meyer, 1990) accrues en condition P.D.L.P., particulièrement lorsque le niveau d’identification de l’action est pris en considération. Ces résultats sont discutés en référence aux théories de l’engagement et de l’identification de l’action

    mtDNA

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    mtDNA sequences in Arlequin fil
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