Social innovation drivers in social enterprises: systematic review

Purpose: Identify the drivers of Social Innovation (SI) that bring together the main management tools and approaches associated with the creation of SI in Social Enterprises (SEs). Methodology: A systematic review was developed in the Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCO databases, using the keywords: social innovation, social enterprise and management. After analysis of quality and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 articles were selected for full analysis. Findings: SI process was systemised into four steps: mapping and development, consolidation, scaling up and evaluation. The drivers of SI were mapped and classified into three main factors: contextual, organizational and managerial. Practical implications: In organizational factors, business model was emphasized, as well as partnerships, participatory culture and intrapreneurship, adequate levels of bricolage and continuous learning. The management factors included the characteristics of the entrepreneur / innovator and managerial practices, where those that facilitate teamwork and the participation of all involved are best suited. In contextual factors, the highlight was the need for support from policy makers; community participation and demand for innovations that consider local context and usability. Originality/value: This study connects previously scattered knowledge in a generic model of SI, highlighting routines and processes used, and provides a starting point for innovators and social entrepreneurs in the complex, uncertain and often unknown process of SI. Additionally, several research gaps were identified to be addressed by future research in the context of SI management

Distribució de la 5-cloro-7-iodo-8-hidroxiquiloneïna i del seu complex de magnesi en el sistema aigua cloroform. Determinació fluorimètrica de magnesi

En aquest treball hom estudia la distribució de la 5-cloro-7-iodo-8-hidroxiquinoleïna (ClIOxH) i del seu complex de Mg(II) en el sistema aigua-cloroform. Han estat obtinguts els valors següents per a les constants relacionades amb aquests processos: log KDR = 4.60 ± 0.04; pK1 = 2.88 ± 0.10: pK2 = 7.67 ± 0.07 i log Kex = - 14.25. L'estequiometria del complex extret es Mg(ClIOx)2 Les principals característiques del mètode fluorimètric proposat són: λ ex= 405 nm i λ em = 528 nm, pH = 10.0 - 10.5; la intensitat de fluorescència es manté constant durant 2 hores; el mètode es lineal fins a 1.01 μg/ml, i el límit de detecció és 0.009 μg/ ml. Ha estat estudiat l'efecte d'alguns ions sobre la intensitat de fluorescència de l'extracte.The distribution equilibria of 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (ClIOxH) and of its Mg(II) complex in the water-chloroform system have been studied. The following values of the equilibrium constants involved in these processes have been obtained: log KDR= 4.60 ± 0.04; pK1 = 2.88 ± 0.10; pK2 = 7.67 ± 0.07 and log Kex = -14.25. The stechiometry of the extracted complex is Mg(ClIOx) 2. The main characteristics of the fluorimetric method proposed are: λ ex= 405 nm and λ em = 528 nm, pH = 10.0 - 10.5; the fluorescence remains stable for 2 hr.; the calibration graph is linear up to 1.01 μg/ml and the detection limit is 0.009 ug/ml. The effect of several ions on the fluorescence of the extratcs has been investigated

Proposal of a novel design for linear superconducting motor using 2G tape stacks

This paper presents a new design for a su- perconducting linear motor (SLM). This SLM uses stacks of second-generation (2G) superconducting tapes, which are responsible for replacing yttrium barium copper oxide bulks. The proposed SLM may operate as a synchronous motor or as a hysteresis motor, depending on the load force magnitude. A small-scale linear machine prototype with 2G stacks was constructed and tested to investigate the proposed SLM topology. The stator traveling magnetic field wave was represented by several Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets. A relative movement was produced between the stator and the stack, and the force was measured along the displacement. This system was also simulated by the finite element method, in order to calculate the induced currents in the stack and determine the electromagnetic force. The H-formulation was used to solve the problem, and a power law relation was applied to take into account the intrin- sically nonlinearity of the superconductor. The simulated and measured results were in accordance. Simulated re- sults were extrapolated, proving to be an interesting tool to scale up the motor in future projects. The proposed motor presented an estimated force density of almost 500 N/kg, which is much higher than any linear motor.This work was supported in part by the following agencies: CNPq/CAPES/INERGE, CNPq—Ci ˆ encias sem Fronteiras, FAPERJ, Catalan Government 2014- SGR-753, CONSOLIDER Excellence Network MAT2014-56063-C2-1-R and MAT2015-68994-REDC, Eurofusion EU COST ACTIONS MP1201/ MP1014/PPPT-WPMAG 2014, EUROTAPES FP7-NMP-Large-2011- 280432, FORTISSIMO FP7-2013-ICT-609029, and Spanish Govern- ment Agencies—Severo Ochoa Programme Centres of Excellence in R&D. (Corresponding author: Guilherme G. Sotelo.

Presentació : L'ensenyament de la geografia al segle XXI

Presentació del volum 63, número 3 de 'Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica' dedicat a l'ensenyament de la geografia al segle XX

Exploring the antioxidant features of polyphenols by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods

This paper evaluates the antioxidant ability of polyphenols as a function of their chemical structures. Several common food indexes including Folin-Ciocalteau (FC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays were applied to selected polyphenols that di er in the number and position of hydroxyl groups. Voltammetric assays with screen-printed carbon electrodes were also recorded in the range of 0.2 to 0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode) to investigate the oxidation behavior of these substances. Poor correlations among assays were obtained, meaning that the behavior of each compound varies in response to the di erent methods. However, we undertook a comprehensive study based on principal component analysis that evidenced clear patterns relating the structures of several compounds and their antioxidant activities

Analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in milk using QuEChERS and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: triple quadrupole versus Q-Orbitrap mass analyzers

We developed a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method for the high throughput determination of 10 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in milk samples using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole (QqQ) instrument and an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The new extraction procedure is highly efficient, and we obtained absolute recoveries in the range 78.1-97.1 % for the extraction and clean-up steps. Chromatographic separation is performed in the gradient mode with a biphenyl column and acidic mobile phases consisting of water and acetonitrile containing formic acid. The chromatographic run time was about 12 min, and NSAID peaks showed a good symmetry factor. For MS/MS detection, we used multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, using ESI in both positive and negative modes. Our method has been validated in compliance with the European Commission Decision 657/2002/EC, and we obtained very satisfactory results in inter-laboratory testing. Furthermore, we explored the use of a hybrid high resolution mass spectrometer, combining a quadrupole and an Orbitrap mass analyzer, for high resolution (HR) MS/MS detection of NSAIDs. We achieved lower NSAID quantification limits with Q-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) detection than those achieved with the QqQ instrument; however, its main feature is its very high selectivity, which makes HRMS/MS particularly suitable for confirmatory analysis

H-Formulation FEM Modeling of the Current Distribution in 2G HTS Tapes and Its Experimental Validation Using Hall Probe Mapping

One of the most widespread mathematical formulations applied to simulate the electromagnetic phenomena of coated conductor in the recent literature is the H one. However, the only validation of the model has been indirect by using measurements taken from the applications, as measurements of the energy losses in ac fields, forces developed in levitation systems or any other parameter related to a specific application. Direct validation of the calculation requires the observation of the local out of plane magnetic field over the surface of the sample and this is only accessible under magneto-optical observations and, in a larger scale and better dynamic range, by the Hall scanning microscopy. We propose here the experimental validation of the H-formulation by comparing the simulated results with measurements made by a Hall probe mapping in a second generation (2G) tape sample for several DC transported currents at 77 K. The paper presents a methodology to simulate the 2G tape by using only measured data obtained from a sample and its normalized J(B) experimental curves. Some boundary conditions that allow a faster convergence of the problem are investigated. Simulated results of the 2G tape modelled considering only the 1 μm HTS layer were compared with other that represent the most important layers of the coated conductor structure in the calculations. The simulated and measured results present a good agreement, proving that this model can calculate precisely the magnetic field and, hence, the current distribution in HTS samples.This work was supported in part by the followings grants: “Science Without Borders” from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); by the European Agency (EU) through the Factories of the Future Resources, Technology, Infrastructure and Services for Simulation and Modelling (FORTISSIMO) Project under Grant EU FP7-2013-ICT-609029, the European Development of Superconducting Tapes (EUROTAPES) Project under Grant EU-FP7 NMP-LA-2012- 280432, the European Consortium for the Development of Fusion Energy (EUROfusion, PPPT-WPMAG 2014), and EU COST ACTIONS MP1201 and MP1014; by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D under Grant SEV-2015-0496, CONSOLIDER Excellence Network under Grant MAT2015- 68994-REDC, COACHSUPENERGY project under Grant MAT2014-56063- C2-1-R, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund; by the Catalan Government under Grant 2014-SGR-753 and Xarmae

Green extraction of antioxidant compounds from olive tree leaves based on naturaldeep eutectic solvents

Agri-food industries generate a large amount of waste that offers great revalorization opportunities within the circular economy framework. In recent years, new methodologies for the extraction of compounds with more eco-friendly solvents have been developed, such as the case of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). In this study, a methodology for extracting phenolic compounds from olive tree leaves using NADES has been optimized. The conditions established as the optimal rely on a solvent composed of choline chloride and glycerol at a molar ratio of 1:5 with 30% water. The extraction was carried out at 80 °C for 2 h with constant agitation. The extracts obtained have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in MRM mode. The comparison with conventional ethanol/water extraction has shown that NADES, a more environmentally friendly alternative, has improved extraction efficiency. The main polyphenols identified in the NADES extract were Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Oleuropein, 3-Hydroxytyrosol, Rutin, and Luteolin at the concentrations of 262, 173, 129, 34, and 29 mg kg−1 fresh weight, respectively