Razlika med katastrskimi in funkcionalnimi vodnimi zemljišči

Vodna zemljišča so, kot že izhaja iz imena, zemljišča, ki so v neki povezavi zv odo. Obstajajo pa različne možnosti te povezanosti. Na nekaterih zemljiščih se voda trajno nahaja, na drugih pa le občasno. V nadaljevanju bodo prikazane razlike med vodnimi zemljišči, za katera je podatek o tem, da gre za vodna zemljišča, vpisan v zemljiški kataster kot dejanska raba, in med vodnimi zemljišči, za katera v zemljiškem katastru ni razvidno, da so vodna zemljišča, so pa lahko občasno prekrita z vodo v primeru, ko nastopijo poplave. Razlike med tema vrstama vodnih zemljišč bodo prikazane za celinske tekoče vode. Splošne ugotovitve iz prispevka bodo kasneje uporabljene tudi v okviru projekta DRA-MUR-CI: Čezmejna vodarska iniciativa za reki Drava in Mura (Drava-Mura Crossborder Initiative), katerega cilj je povezovanje na področju gospodarjenja z vodami na območjih rek Drave in Mure, ki si ju delita Avstrija in Slovenija in v katerem sodelujeta tudi Fakulteta za gradbeništvo Univerze v Mariboru in Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo Univerze v Ljubljani

Human–equine tourism and nature-based solutions: Exploring psychological well-being through transformational experiences

From Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications RouterThis article critically explores insights into human–equine touristic experiences and acknowledges how such interconnectivity underline nature-based solutions (NBS) to mutually enhance psychological well-being. Despite the growing interest in NBS limited accounts have explored human–animal relations within the realm of touristic encounters. Drawing upon multispecies ethnographic accounts, participant observations, diaries, and in-depth interviews were held with 21 participants, with topics themed around human–equine experiences, relational encounters, and well-being. The sample was taken from participants located in the North East of England who engaged in equestrian tourism. Findings revealed life-changing transformations as a result of multispecies encounters. Deep emotional elements were experienced through intersubjectivity where participants spoke of the psychological benefits of being immersed in natural landscapes with their equine companions. This article demonstrates human–equine experiences as a positive NBS and illustrates that for the two species to effectively interact in equine-assisted psychological interventions requires mutual trust, empathy, and effective communication.46pubpub

The Effect of Dog-Assisted Intervention on Student Well-Being, Mood, and Anxiety

This novel, exploratory study investigated the effect of a short, 20 min, dog-assisted intervention on student well-being, mood, and anxiety. One hundred and thirty-two university students were allocated to either an experimental condition or one of two control conditions. Each participant completed the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMBS), the State Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI), and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) both before, and after, the intervention. The participants in the experimental condition interacted with both the dogs and their handlers, whereas the control groups interacted with either the dog only, or the handler only. The analyses revealed a significant difference across conditions for each measure, with those conditions in which a dog was present leading to significant improvements in mood and well-being, as well as a significant reduction in anxiety. Interestingly, the presence of a handler alongside the dog appeared to have a negative, and specific, effect on participant mood, with greater positive shifts in mood being witnessed when participants interacted with the dog alone, than when interacting with both the dog and the handler. These findings show that even a short 20 min session with a therapy dog can be an effective alternative intervention to improve student well-being, anxiety, and mood

Testing for Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Domestic Horses (Equus caballus) Across Different Contexts – Consistency Over Time and Effects of Context

In a number of species, consistent behavioral differences between individuals have been described in standardized tests, e.g., novel object, open field test. Different behavioral expressions are reflective of different coping strategies of individuals in stressful situations. A causal link between behavioral responses and the activation of the physiological stress response is assumed but not thoroughly studied. Also, most standard paradigms investigating individual behavioral differences are framed in a fearful context, therefore the present study aimed to add a test in a more positive context, the feeding context. We assessed individual differences in physiological [heart rate (HR)] and behavioral responses (presence or absence of pawing, startle response, defecation, snorting) of 20 domestic horses (Equus caballus) in two behavioral experiments, a novel object presentation and a pre-feeding excitement test. Experiments were conducted twice, once between July and August, and once between September and October. Both experiments caused higher mean HR in the first 10 s after stimulus presentation compared to a control condition, but mean HR did not differ between the experimental conditions. In the novel object experiment, horses displaying stress-related behaviors during the experiments also showed a significantly higher HR increase compared to horses which did not display any stress-related behaviors, reflecting a correlation between behavioral and physiological responses to the novel object. On the contrary, in the pre-feeding experiments, horses that showed fewer behavioral responses had a greater HR increase, indicating the physiological response being due to emotional arousal and not behavioral activity. Moreover, HR response to experimental situations varied significantly between individuals. Individual average HR was significantly repeatable across both experiments, whereas HR increase was only significantly repeatable during the novel object and not the pre-feeding experiment. Conversely, behavioral response was not repeatable. In conclusion, our findings show that horses’ behavioral and physiological responses differed between test situations and that emotional reactivity, shown via mean HR and HR increase, is not always displayed behaviorally, suggesting that behavioral and physiological responses may be regulated independently according to context