Convenio General de Cooperación Técnica sobre Manejo y Mercadeo de Granos

En este documento se plasma el convenio establecido por Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la agricultura, Kansas State University y el Food and Feed Grain Institute

Cocinando el planeta : hechos, cifras y propuestas sobre cambio climático y sistema alimentario global

También contiene contribuciones de ETC Group, Grupo de Reflexión Rural, Biofuelwatch, EcoNexus, NOAH-FoE Denmark, La Vía Campesina, CEIBA Guatemala y Sergio Schlesinger.El cambio climático es una innegable realidad cada vez más patente, cuyos efectos se están haciendo sentir en todo el planeta. Pero lo cierto es que pocas veces tomamos conciencia de que el manejo de los suelos agrarios, la utilización de fertilizantes sintéticos, la fabricación de piensos industriales, o la destrucción de los mercados locales de alimentos constituyen el núcleo central de las emisiones planetarias de gases de efecto invernadero. Al mismo tiempo las industrias procesadoras y de distribución de alimentos -que incluye transporte, empaquetado, refrigeración y comercialización- son también grandes emisoras. Se calcula que el sistema agroalimentario llega a generar hasta un 50% de las emisiones. En esta publicación se presentan algunos hechos, cuestionamientos, preguntas y propuestas sobre el cambio climático y el sistema alimentario global. Muchas de las soluciones a la actual crisis climática y alimentaria están surgiendo de actores sociales organizados, propuestas que pueden ayudar a "enfriar" el planeta y a mostrar las raíces comúnmente enterradas del calentamiento global

Introducción a la crisis alimentaria global

También contiene contribuciones de Eric Holt-Giménez, Loren Peabody, Ferran García, Marta G. Rivera-Ferre, Miquel Ortega-Cerdà, Alejandro Nadal, Vandana Shiva y otros autores.Ante la crisis alimentaria que afecta hoy a todo el planeta, las respuestas que surgen desde los organismos internacionales y los países más enriquecidos se encuentran muy lejos de ser adecuadas. No se identifican las causas reales y tampoco se escucha a los principales afectados. Desde el Sur y el Norte, éstos han demostrado sin embargo tener la capacidad de encarar el problema formulando propuestas concretas. Aprovechando el tema de la crisis alimentaria como hilo conductor, resulta posible analizar y entender más en profundidad al actual sistema agroalimentario y sus repercusiones. Resalta también con más fuerza y claridad el paradigma de la soberanía alimentaria como una respuesta al entramado capitalista en el mundo rural y en el ámbito alimentario. Esta publicación pretende ser una modesta contribución al actuar constante de los movimientos sociales del Sur y del Norte, mediante una recopilación de artículos que proponen diferentes enfoques críticos y constructivos

Simulating biosignatures from pre-oxygen photosynthesising life on TRAPPIST-1e

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available on open access from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this recordData availability: The model output used for this study will be made available following this work’s acceptance for publicationIn order to assess observational evidence for potential atmospheric biosignatures on exoplanets, it will be essential to test whether spectral fingerprints from multiple gases can be explained by abiotic or biotic-only processes. Here, we develop and apply a coupled 1D atmosphere-ocean-ecosystem model to understand how primitive biospheres, which exploit abiotic sources of H2 , CO and O2 , could influence the atmospheric composition of rocky terrestrial exoplanets. We apply this to the Earth at 3.8 Ga and to TRAPPIST-1e. We focus on metabolisms that evolved before the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis, which consume H2 and CO and produce potentially detectable levels of CH4 . O2 -consuming metabolisms are also considered for TRAPPIST-1e, as abiotic O2 production is predicted on M-dwarf orbiting planets. We show that these biospheres can lead to high levels of surface O2 (approximately 1–5 %) as a result of CO consumption, which could allow high O2 scenarios, by removing the main loss mechanisms of atomic oxygen. Increasing stratospheric temperatures, which increases atmospheric OH can reduce the likelihood of such a state forming. O2 -consuming metabolisms could also lower O2 levels to around 10 ppm and support a productive biosphere at low reductant inputs. Using predicted transmission spectral features from CH4 , CO, O2 /O3 and CO2 across the hypothesis space for tectonic reductant input, we show that biotically-produced CH4 may only be detectable at high reductant inputs. CO is also likely to be a dominant feature in transmission spectra for planets orbiting M-dwarfs, which could reduce the confidence in any potential biosignature observations linked to these biospheres.Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)UK Research and InnovationJohn Templeton FoundationLeverhulme TrustHill Family ScholarshipInstitute of Physic

Concept design of low frequency telescope for CMB B-mode polarization satellite LiteBIRD

LiteBIRD has been selected as JAXA’s strategic large mission in the 2020s, to observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode polarization over the full sky at large angular scales. The challenges of LiteBIRD are the wide field-of-view (FoV) and broadband capabilities of millimeter-wave polarization measurements, which are derived from the system requirements. The possible paths of stray light increase with a wider FoV and the far sidelobe knowledge of -56 dB is a challenging optical requirement. A crossed-Dragone configuration was chosen for the low frequency telescope (LFT : 34–161 GHz), one of LiteBIRD’s onboard telescopes. It has a wide field-of-view (18° x 9°) with an aperture of 400 mm in diameter, corresponding to an angular resolution of about 30 arcminutes around 100 GHz. The focal ratio f/3.0 and the crossing angle of the optical axes of 90◦ are chosen after an extensive study of the stray light. The primary and secondary reflectors have rectangular shapes with serrations to reduce the diffraction pattern from the edges of the mirrors. The reflectors and structure are made of aluminum to proportionally contract from warm down to the operating temperature at 5 K. A 1/4 scaled model of the LFT has been developed to validate the wide field-of-view design and to demonstrate the reduced far sidelobes. A polarization modulation unit (PMU), realized with a half-wave plate (HWP) is placed in front of the aperture stop, the entrance pupil of this system. A large focal plane with approximately 1000 AlMn TES detectors and frequency multiplexing SQUID amplifiers is cooled to 100 mK. The lens and sinuous antennas have broadband capability. Performance specifications of the LFT and an outline of the proposed verification plan are presented

Overview of the medium and high frequency telescopes of the LiteBIRD space mission

LiteBIRD is a JAXA-led Strategic Large-Class mission designed to search for the existence of the primordial gravitational waves produced during the inflationary phase of the Universe, through the measurements of their imprint onto the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These measurements, requiring unprecedented sensitivity, will be performed over the full sky, at large angular scales, and over 15 frequency bands from 34 GHz to 448 GHz. The LiteBIRD instruments consist of three telescopes, namely the Low-, Medium-and High-Frequency Telescope (respectively LFT, MFT and HFT). We present in this paper an overview of the design of the Medium-Frequency Telescope (89{224 GHz) and the High-Frequency Telescope (166{448 GHz), the so-called MHFT, under European responsibility, which are two cryogenic refractive telescopes cooled down to 5 K. They include a continuous rotating half-wave plate as the first optical element, two high-density polyethylene (HDPE) lenses and more than three thousand transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors cooled to 100 mK. We provide an overview of the concept design and the remaining specific challenges that we have to face in order to achieve the scientific goals of LiteBIRD

LiteBIRD satellite: JAXA's new strategic L-class mission for all-sky surveys of cosmic microwave background polarization

LiteBIRD, the Lite (Light) satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection, is a space mission for primordial cosmology and fundamental physics. JAXA selected LiteBIRD in May 2019 as a strategic large-class (L-class) mission, with its expected launch in the late 2020s using JAXA's H3 rocket. LiteBIRD plans to map the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization over the full sky with unprecedented precision. Its main scientific objective is to carry out a definitive search for the signal from cosmic inflation, either making a discovery or ruling out well-motivated inflationary models. The measurements of LiteBIRD will also provide us with an insight into the quantum nature of gravity and other new physics beyond the standard models of particle physics and cosmology. To this end, LiteBIRD will perform full-sky surveys for three years at the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L2 for 15 frequency bands between 34 and 448 GHz with three telescopes, to achieve a total sensitivity of 2.16 μK-arcmin with a typical angular resolution of 0.5° at 100 GHz. We provide an overview of the LiteBIRD project, including scientific objectives, mission requirements, top-level system requirements, operation concept, and expected scientific outcomes

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Le Modèle du prêtre dans l'exercice des fonctions pastorales, ou La vie du vertueux Henri de Moré, curé de Saint-Cyr-en-Pail... écrite par un de ses vicaires... publiée par l'abbé J.-B. Blin,...

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