Perceived vulnerability and severity predict adherence to COVID-19 protection measures: the mediating role of instrumental coping

[EN] The COVID-19 disease has caused thousands of deaths worldwide and required the rapid and drastic adoption of various protective measures as main resources in the fight to reduce the spread of the disease. In the present study we aimed to identify socio cognitive factors that may influence adherence to protective measures toward COVID-19 in a Spanish sample. This longitudinal study analyzes the predictive value of perceived severity and vulnerability of infection, self-efficacy, direct exposure to the virus, and instrumental focused coping style for adhering to infection protection behaviors during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also tests sex and age differences in these factors and changes over time. A two-wave longitudinal study (N = 757) was conducted in March and April 2020 starting the day after a strict national lockdown was decreed in Spain. A path analysis was used to test direct and indirect effects between vulnerability and the adherence to protective behaviors. Results suggest that individuals’ perceived severity and vulnerability to COVID-19 and instrumental coping strategies are related to the use of more protective behaviors. This coping strategy mediates the effect of perceived vulnerability on engaging in protective behaviors, and this effect depends on direct exposure to COVID-19 and perceived self-efficacy moderators. Results suggest that recognizing one’s own abilities to engage in instrumental actions may facilitate adherence to protective measures in people who had not been directly exposed to COVID-19. Therefore, adopting instrumental coping strategies to manage an individual’s perceived vulnerability to infection may positively impact the adherence to protective behaviors, especially during the onset of an unexpected threat and when there is no prior direct experience with the situation.This research was supported by funds awarded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Department of Education of the Junta de Castilla y León (Spain) by order of 19 June 2020 to the project Coping Strategies in the Health Emergency Situation created by COVID-19. The University of Burgos awarded funding to the Social Inclusion and Quality of Life (SIQoL) research group

Off- and Online Heterosexual Dating Violence, Perceived Attachment to Parents and Peers and Suicide Risk in Young Women

Dating violence (DV) is a public health problem among young people, especially women. It involves violent acts towards one’s partner and occurs face-to-face (offline) or through the Internet (online). Offline DV is linked to suicidal ideation and attachment to parents and peers. Fewer studies analyze the psychological and social consequences of online DV. This study tests the link between young women’s DV victimization (off- and online), suicide risk (SR), and parent and peer support in a sample of young Spanish females (N = 1227) (Mage=19, SD = 2.82; range = 13–28). Results confirm that compared to non-victims off- and online DV increase suicidal thoughts and attempts. This effect is stronger for victims of both types of DV (thoughts: OR offline DV = 3.11; CI95% 2.06, 4.69; OR online DV = 2.37; CI95% 1.69, 3.32; OR off-online DV = 4.19 CI95% 2.44, 7.17) (attempts: OR offline DV = 4.02; CI95% 1.83, 8.81; OR online DV = 3.69; CI95% 1.96, 7.01; OR off-online DV = 10.55 CI95% 2.56, 44.43). Mediation and moderation models were used to assess the effect of perceived attachment of parents and friends in DV victims and SR. Mediation analyses indicated that perceived attachment and proximity to parents and peers reduces the impact of DV on SR. Moderation analyses showed that a high level of perceived peer attachment reduces the effect of offline DV on SR. Regarding off-online DV, a high level of perceived parent attachment mitigates suicide risk. Loneliness, lack of care from loved ones, and thwarted belongingness increase suicidal thoughts in DV victims. Peers and parents’ proximity may prevent risk behaviors in DV victims.This research was funded by CONICYT 2017/Doctorado en el Extranjero Becas Chile/2017, grant number 72180394 to Marcela Gracia Leiva, and by Basque government Post–Doctoral Scholarship to Alicia Puente Martínez, POS_2019_2_0014; This study was partially funded by grant 2019/00184/001 awarded by the Junta of Castilla y León (Spain) to the Social Inclusion and Quality of Life (SIQoL) research group and by grant Culture, Cognition and Emotion. Ref GIC12/91 IT–666–13 and the University of the Basque Country and Basque Government [grant number: GIC12/91 IT–666–13]

Social identity, perceived emotional synchrony, creativity, social representations, and participation in social movements: the case of the 2019 chilean populist protests

This paper analyzes the socio-cognitive and emotional processes related to collective action in the context of the 2019 populist social movement in Chile. It proposes an integrative explanation of populism as social movements and collective gatherings along with their relation with creativity and social representations of mass movements. A comprehensive online survey was used (n = 262) that included measures of participation in demonstrations, identification with protesters or the government, agreement with social movement grievances, collective efficacy, perceived emotional synchrony, collective action, self-reported cognitive creativity, and individuals’ proposals for improvement of society and ideas associated with stimuli (e.g., the concepts of majority or minority). Our results revealed that identification with demonstrators, agreement with protesters’ grievances, a high perceived emotional synchrony or collective effervescence, and higher creativity responses were associated with an active participation in the social movement. Higher participation and factors conducive to participation were associated with lexical clusters of responses to stimuli that include words such as rights, justice, injustice, bravery, dignity, or hope, which were conceived of as positive social representations of the populist social movement. These findings are discussed within the neo-Durkheimian framework of collective gatherings and the perspective of populism as a social movement that seeks to renew and expand democracy. Copyright © 2021 Castro-Abril, Da Costa, Navarro-Carrillo, Caicedo-Moreno, Gracia-Leiva, Bouchat, Cordero, Méndez and Paez

Sociopolitical consequences of COVID-19 in the Americas, Europe, and Asia: A multilevel, multicountry investigation of risk perceptions and support for antidemocratic practices

Although different social crises may eventually favor undemocratic and authoritarian forms of governance, at some point, such antidemocratic practices require the support of a significant part of the population to be implemented. The present research investigates how and whether the COVID-19 pandemic might have favoured greater support for antidemocratic governmental practices, on the premise of regaining control and security. Using data from 17 countries (N = 4364) and national-level indicators (i.e., real number of contagions and deaths, and sociopolitical indicators), we test how the risk of contagion and death from COVID-19, along with personal orientations (i.e., social dominance orientation [SDO], right-wing authoritarianism [RWA], and perceived anomie) motivate authoritarian and antidemocratic practices. Results from multilevel models indicate that risk perception and perceptions of political instability predict a wish for stronger leadership, agreement with martial law, and support for a controlling government especially when SDO and RWA are high, while more egalitarian and less conservative people agree less with these authoritarian measures in spite of the levels of risk perception. We discuss the implications for these findings for future research on similar but also dissimilar external events (natural disasters, war, or terror incidents) and the consequences for societies with higher authoritarian tendencies.Fil: Pizarro, José J.. Universidad Católica del Norte; Chile. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Cakal, Huseyin. Keele University; Reino UnidoFil: Méndez, Lander. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Zumeta, Larraitz N.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Gracia-Leiva, Marcela. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Basabe, Nekane. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Navarro-Carrillo, Ginés. Universidad de Jaén; EspañaFil: Cazan, Ana Maria. Transilvania University of Brasov; RumaniaFil: Keshavarzi, Saeed. Independent Researcher; IránFil: López López, Wilson. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Yahiiaiev, Illia. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; UcraniaFil: Alzugaray Ponce, Carolina. Universidad Santo Tomas; ChileFil: Villagrán, Loreto. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Moyano Díaz, Emilio. Universidad de Talca; ChileFil: Petrović, Nebojša. University of Belgrade; SerbiaFil: Mathias, Anderson. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila; MéxicoFil: Techio, Elza M.. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Wlodarczyk, Anna. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Alfaro-Beracoechea, Laura. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Ibarra, Manuel L.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Michael, Andreas. University of Cyprus; ChipreFil: Mhaskar, Sumeet. O.p. Jindal Global University; IndiaFil: Martínez Zelaya, Gonzalo. Universidad Viña del Mar; ChileFil: Bilbao, Marian. Universidad Alberto Hurtado; ChileFil: Delfino, Gisela Isabel. Universidad Pontificia Comillas; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Carvalho, Catarina L.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Pinto, Isabel R.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Mohsin, Falak Zehra. Karachi School Of Business And Leadership; PakistánFil: Espinosa, Agustín. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Cueto, Rosa María. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Cavalli, Stefano. Scuola Universitaria Professionale Della Svizzera Italiana; ItaliaFil: da Costa, Silvia. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Amutio, Alberto. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chile. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Alonso Arbiol, Itziar. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Páez, Darío. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chil

Comprendiendo la violencia en el noviazgo contra las mujeres jóvenes. El rol del desequilibrio de poder en la relación

187 p.El objetivo es analizar factores de riesgo y protectores relacionados con la Violencia en el Noviazgo o Dating Violence. Consta de 4 capítulos, uno meta analítico y tres estudios empíricos centrados en el estudio de la VN contra las mujeres. En el primero, se realiza una revisión meta analítica de los factores de riesgo asociados a experiencias de perpetración y victimización de VN en jóvenes. En el capítulo 2, se analiza la asimetría de poder en la relación de pareja (bajo poder en la relación v/s alto poder), las experiencias de VN en persona o interacción cara a cara y online o virtual a través de internet y las redes sociales en chicas de diferentes edades (N =1224) en España. Se estudia el efecto de un bajo poder en la relación de pareja en las experiencias de VN de acuerdo a la teoría de Pulerwitz (2000) y se valida una escala sobre poder en la relación. En el capítulo 3, se analizan experiencias de VN en persona y online y su efecto en el riesgo de suicidio en las jóvenes (Joinier & Van Orden, 2008), así como el rol protector del apego percibido de pares y padres. En el capítulo 4, se comparan dos muestras de mujeres jóvenes de Colombia (n = 461) y España (n= 755), se analizan el poder en la relación, la VN en persona y online junto con tres estrategias de afrontamiento y regulación emocional (Gross, 2015) en la VN (aislamiento social, rumiación e inhibición emocional) su eficacia y su influencia en el riesgo de suicidio

La violencia en el noviazgo (VN): una revisión de meta-análisis

Esta revisión bibliográfica sintetiza los resultados de estudios meta analíticos sobre factores de riesgo y protección asociados a la Violencia en el Noviazgo (VN). Se incluyeron 15 meta-análisis publicados entre 1997-2018, N = 1784018, y se clasificaron según el modelo socio- ecológico. Se calcularon las Zr media para cada variable y nivel, incluyendo las diferencias en los tamaños del efecto medio entre victimización y perpetración de VN y, posteriormente, se transformaron a r. Se encontró que los factores de riesgo con mayor peso asociados a VN, según nivel, fueron: (1) individual: consumo de tabaco y embarazo precoz (victimización) y sexo (perpetración/victimización); (2) microsistema: acoso sexual de pares (victimización), VN de los pares, tener amigos con conductas problemáticas y sufrir violencia en familia de origen (perpetración/victimización); (3) exosistema: edad (victimización) y barrio (perpetración/victimización) y (4) macrosistema: minoría cultural y desventaja económica (perpetración/victimización). Factores protectores de VN fueron: apoyo social de pares y parentalidad positiva, pero con menos peso. El tamaño del efecto fue mayor para las variables de nivel exo, frente a las macro, individual y micro respectivamente. Hay diferen- cias entre los tamaños del efecto totales, siendo en el exosistema mayor en victimización que en perpetración. Delimitar los factores de riesgo y pro- tección con mayor efecto sobre VN resulta fundamental para prevenir este problema.This study summarizes the results of meta-analyses about risk and protective factors related to dating violence (DV). Fifteen studies were included from 1997 to 2018, N = 1784018. The results were classified ac- cording to ecological theory. The Zr’s were calculated for each factor and level of analysis, including the differences between victimization and per- petration effect sizes. Then, the Zr ́s were transformed to r values. In ac- cordance with the different levels of analysis, results showed that the ef- fect sizes were greater for: (1) individual level: cigarette smoking, adoles- cent pregnancy (victimization) and sex (perpetration/victimization); (2) microsystem: peer sexual harassment, (victimization), peer DV, deviant peers and family violence (perpetration/ victimization); (3) exosystem: age (victimization) and violent neighborhoods (perpetration/ victimization), and (4) macrosystem: cultural minority and disadvantaged neighborhoods (perpetration / victimization). DV protective factors which had the lowest effect sizes were: parental and peer support; and highest effect sizes were found in the exo and macro levels, and then in the individual and micro levels. Furthermore, statistically significant differences between total effect sizes were found, with values being higher in the exosystem for victimiza- tion than for perpetration. Delimiting the most important risk and protec- tive factors for DV has important implications for prevention and inter- vention

Social class, well-being, and general affectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-America

Resumen: La actual pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto un marcado incremento de las brechas sociales preexistentes. En esta investigación analizamos las relaciones de diferentes facetas de clase social con el bienestar y afectividad general a lo largo de un total de 8 países de la región cultural iberoamericana. Asimismo, también pusimos a prueba el potencial rol mediador del riesgo percibido relativo a la COVID-19 y de la eficacia colectiva percibida. Los resultados obtenidos (a) revelaron que una clase social más baja se relacionó con un menor bienestar y afecto positivo, así como con un mayor afecto negativo; (b) confirmaron que la clase social subjetiva constituye un mejor predictor del bienestar y afectividad general que el nivel educativo (i.e., indicador de clase social objetiva); y (c) mostraron que los efectos de la clase social subjetiva en el bienestar/afectividad general se daban de forma indirecta a través del riesgo percibido y la eficacia colectiva. Estos hallazgos confirman la existencia de diferencias en bienestar y afectividad general en función de la clase social durante la pandemia, al tiempo que permiten avanzar en la comprensión de los mecanismos psicosociales subyacentes.Abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic has sharply increased preexisting social divides. In this research, we analyzed the relationships of different facets of social class with well-being and affectivity across 8 Ibero-American countries. Moreover, we also tested the potential mediating role of perceived risk of COVID-19 and perceived collective efficacy. The results obtained (a) revealed that a lower social class was related to reduced well-being and positive affect as well as to greater negative affect, (b) confirmed that subjective social class was a better predictor of well-being and affectivity than educational level (i.e., an objective indicator of social class), and (c) showed that subjective social class was indirectly linked to well-being/affectivity via its effects on the perceived risk of COVID-19 and perceived collective efficacy. These findings support the existence of differences in well-being and affectivity as a function of social class during the pandemic, while advancing our understanding of underlying psychosocial mechanisms

Capitalismo tardío y sujetos transformadores

El capitalismo histórico ha experimentado, en la escala mundial que hoy le corresponde, profundos cambios que han modificado sustancialmente su componente de acumulación, pero también, de forma significativa, el de regulación, perturbando críticamente su forma de gestionar las inequidades, desigualdades y doxas que él mismo produce. Actualmente, la expansión de un capitalismo autoritario premunido del paradigma mercantil, promueve una cultura individual que ha calado duramente en los sujetos y en los movimientos transformadores de la sociedad, dejándolos sometidos a un nuevo orden/desorden. Las solidaridades colectivas del campo laboral se han fragmentado obligando a los trabajadores a una competitividad que mella sobre la fuerza de sus organizaciones y que afecta las confianzas necesarias para resistir al embate de los poderosos

Capitalismo tardío y sujetos transformadores

El capitalismo histórico ha experimentado, en la escala mundial que hoy le corresponde, profundos cambios que han modificado sustancialmente su componente de acumulación, pero también, de forma significativa, el de regulación, perturbando críticamente su forma de gestionar las inequidades, desigualdades y doxas que él mismo produce. Actualmente, la expansión de un capitalismo autoritario premunido del paradigma mercantil, promueve una cultura individual que ha calado duramente en los sujetos y en los movimientos transformadores de la sociedad, dejándolos sometidos a un nuevo orden/desorden. Las solidaridades colectivas del campo laboral se han fragmentado obligando a los trabajadores a una competitividad que mella sobre la fuerza de sus organizaciones y que afecta las confianzas necesarias para resistir al embate de los poderosos