HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI KERJA DAN IMBALAN DENGAN KINERJA KADER POSYANDU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TOMPASOBARU KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

Latar Belakang : Posyandu berfungsi nyata sebagai pintu masuk semua pelayanan kesehatan dasar khususnya untuk bayi, balita, dan bumil. Posyandu sebagai wahana pemberdayaan masyarakat yang awalnya dibidang kesehatan telah berkembang dengan pesat dari kegiatan maupun sasarannya, bahkan di beberapa posyandu telah diintegrasikan dengan pelayanan tumbuh kembang, posyandu lansia, dan lainnya. Berdasarkan data yang ada di Puskesmas Tompasobaru tahun 2018 bahwa Posyandu  di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas meliputi 10 desa, setiap desa terdapat masing-masing satu (1) Posyandu, dengan jumlah kader 61 Kader. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi kerja dan imbalan dengan kinerja kader Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tompasobaru Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Survei Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2018 di Kecamatan Tompasobaru. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan kader Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tompasobaru dengan jumlah kader 61 Kader. Sampel yang di ambil 61 Kader. Intrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil Uji statistic Chi Square menunjukan bahwa motivasi tidak berhubungan dengan kinerja kader (p=0,486) sedangkan imbalan terdapat hubungan (p=0,001). Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi kerja tidak berhubungan dengan kinerja kader, sedangkan hubungan antara imbalan dengan kinerja kader terdapat berhubungan. Kata Kumci : Motivasi Kerja, Imbalan, Kinerja Kader ABSTRACTBackground : Posyandu functions as the entrance to all basic health services, especially for infants, toddlers and pregnant women. Posyandu as a vehicle for community empowerment which initially in the field of health has grown rapidly from its activities and targets, even in some posyandu it has been integrated with growth services, elderly posyandu, and others. Based on data from the Tompasobaru Health Center in 2018 that Posyandu in the Tompasobaru Health Center Working Area covers 10 villages, each village has one (1) Posyandu, with 61 cadres. This study aims to determine the relationship between work motivation and rewards with the performance of Posyandu cadres in the Work Area of Tompasobaru Health Center, South Minahasa Regency. Research Method: This research is an Analytical Survey with a cross sectional approach which was conducted in October 2018 in Tompasobaru District. The population in this study were all Posyandu cadres in the Tompasobaru Health Center Working Area with 61 cadres. The sample was taken by 61 cadres. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Research Results: Chi Square statistical test results showed that motivation was not related to cadre performance (p = 0,486) while rewards were related (p = 0,001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that work motivation is not related to cadre performance, while the relationship between reward and performance of cadres is related Key words: Work Motivation, Rewards, Cadre Performanc

HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENGGUNA JASA DENGAN KUALITAS JASA PELAYANAN BPJS KESEHATAN KANTOR CABANG MANADO

Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan) walaupun ditengah pandemi selalu berusaha untuk mempertahankan pelayanan yang terbaik kepada masyarakat. Faktor utama untuk pelaksanaan pelayanan ialah mengenai kualitas dari pelayanan itu sendiri, dalam hal ini berbicara tentang dimensi bukti langsung, kehandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan dan empati. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik pengguna jasa dengan kualitas jasa pelayanan tatap muka BPJS Kesehatan Kantor Cabang Manado di masa pandemi COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan desain survei analitik dan pendekatannya dilakukan secara cross sectional. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan April - Juni 2022. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pengunjung Kantor BPJS Kesehatan Manado berusia 17-65 tahun yang terdaftar sebagai peserta BPJS Kesehatan, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 110 orang. Berdasarkan penelitian didapati bahwa, dari hasil uji chi square nilai p-value yang didapat antara usia dengan kualitas jasa pelayanan adalah 0,000, nilai p-value untuk antara jenis kelamin dengan kualitas jasa pelayanan adalah 0,829, nilai p-value antara pendidikan dengan kualitas jasa pelayanan 0,002, nilai p-value untuk pekerjaan dengan kualitas jasa pelayanan adalah 0,252, dan nilai p-value untuk jenis kepesertaan dengan kualitas jasa pelayanan adalah 0,006. Kesimpulan penelitian yang dilakukan didapati bahwa terdapat hubungan antara usia, pendidikan dan jenis kepesertaan dengan kualitas jasa pelayanan tatap muka BPJS Kesehatan kantor cabang Manado di masa Pandemi COVID-19, sedangkan jenis kelamin dan pekerjaan tidak menunjukan adanya hubungan dengan kualitas jasa pelayanan tatap muka BPJS Kesehatan Kantor Cabang Manado di masa Pandemi COVID-19

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PERILAKU KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI SMA NEGERI 3 MANADO

Latar Belakang : Perilaku kesehatan reproduksi, yang mencakup pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan, sangat mempengaruhi timbulnya masalah kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Apabila pengetahuan dan sikap dari remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi itu baik maka dapat dipastikan bahwa perilaku kesehatan reproduksi remaja pun baik, sebaliknya apabila pengetahuan dan sikap kurang baik maka perilaku kesehatan reproduksi juga dapat dikatakan kurang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi pada pelajar di SMA Negeri 3 Manado. Metode Penelitian : Metode penelitian adalah survei analitik dengan desain penelitian yaitu cross sectional (potong lintang). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan  agustus-november 2019 di SMA Negeri 3 Manado. Pupulasi dalam penelitian ini ada peserta didik di SMA Negeri 3 Manado yang berjumlah 1006. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berumlah 91 sampel.  Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu simple random sampling. Analisis data adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi  menunjukan p value sebesar 0,0001. Hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi p value sebesar 0,0005.Kesimpulan: penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi pada pelajar di SMA Negeri 3 Manado. Saran: Ditujukan bagi pihak sekolah,  bagi siswa, bagi orang tua dan bagi peneliti selanjutnya sehubungan dengan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi remaja secara umum.  Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku Kesehatan Reproduksi ABSTRACT  Background: Reproductive health behavior, which includes knowledge, attitudes, and actions, significantly affects the emergence of adolescent reproductive health problems. If the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents about reproductive health are positive and adequate, it can be concluded that it affects adolescent reproductive health behaviors positively. Likewise, if the knowledge and attitudes are inadequate and negative, then reproductive health behavior can also be said to be unfavorable. This research was conducted to determine the relationship of knowledge and attitudes with reproductive health behaviors on students at Manado 3 state highschool. Methods: The research method used in this research was the quantitative analytical method. It was carried out using a cross-sectional approach (latitude post). This research was conducted at Manado 3 state high school during the period of August to November 2019. The audience in this research were 1006 students from Manado 3 state highschool. The number of samples used was 91 samples. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The result of this research showed that the relation between knowledge and reproductive health behaviors produced a p-value of 0.0001.  The relation between knowledge and attitude of reproductive health produced a p-value of 0.0005.  Summary: Thus, this research showed that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of adolescent reproductive health behavior on students at Manado 3 state highschool. Suggestions: Addressed to the school, students, parents, and also to future researchers on the topic of adolescent reproductive health behaviors. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Reproductive Health Behavio

Spurious Shear in Weak Lensing with LSST

The complete 10-year survey from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will image {approx} 20,000 square degrees of sky in six filter bands every few nights, bringing the final survey depth to r {approx} 27.5, with over 4 billion well measured galaxies. To take full advantage of this unprecedented statistical power, the systematic errors associated with weak lensing measurements need to be controlled to a level similar to the statistical errors. This work is the first attempt to quantitatively estimate the absolute level and statistical properties of the systematic errors on weak lensing shear measurements due to the most important physical effects in the LSST system via high fidelity ray-tracing simulations. We identify and isolate the different sources of algorithm-independent, additive systematic errors on shear measurements for LSST and predict their impact on the final cosmic shear measurements using conventional weak lensing analysis techniques. We find that the main source of the errors comes from an inability to adequately characterise the atmospheric point spread function (PSF) due to its high frequency spatial variation on angular scales smaller than {approx} 10{prime} in the single short exposures, which propagates into a spurious shear correlation function at the 10{sup -4}-10{sup -3} level on these scales. With the large multi-epoch dataset that will be acquired by LSST, the stochastic errors average out, bringing the final spurious shear correlation function to a level very close to the statistical errors. Our results imply that the cosmological constraints from LSST will not be severely limited by these algorithm-independent, additive systematic effects

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Treatment of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Review and Assessment of Treatment Benefits Based on Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Criteria

The treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus is centered upon formulating a regimen of topical and systemic therapies designed to reduce disease activity and minimize cosmetic damage. Sun avoidance and sunscreen are important preventative measures proven to minimize cutaneous lupus erythematosus exacerbations. Limited disease is typically managed with topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. Antimalarial therapy is the gold standard of systemic therapy. Many other treatments have been studied in patients with recalcitrant cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and their use must be evaluated based on individual risk-benefit concerns. R-salbutamol and pulsed dye laser therapy have proven to be effective topical alternatives. Additional systemic agents include retinoids, immunosuppressants, immunomodulators, biologics, and other experimental therapies with novel modes of action. According to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria for evaluating the strength of evidence supporting an individual treatment measure, no therapy for cutaneous lupus erythematosus has achieved Level 1 status. This demonstrates the need for randomized, controlled trials and systematic reviews of all cutaneous lupus erythematosus interventions in order to meet increasing standards and demand for evidence-based practice

Pioglitazone rapidly reduces neuropathic pain through astrocyte and nongenomic PPARgamma mechanisms

Repeated administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists reduces neuropathic pain-like behavior and associated changes in glial activation in the spinal cord dorsal horn. As PPARγ is a nuclear receptor, sustained changes in gene expression are widely believed to be the mechanism of pain reduction. However, we recently reported that a single intrathecal (i.t.) injection of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reduced hyperalgesia within 30 minutes, a time frame that is typically less than that required for genomic mechanisms. To determine the very rapid antihyperalgesic actions of PPARγ activation, we administered pioglitazone to rats with spared nerve injury and evaluated hyperalgesia. Pioglitazone inhibited hyperalgesia within 5 minutes of injection, consistent with a nongenomic mechanism. Systemic or i.t. administration of GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, inhibited the antihyperalgesic actions of intraperitoneal or i.t. pioglitazone, suggesting a spinal PPARγ-dependent mechanism. To further address the contribution of nongenomic mechanisms, we blocked new protein synthesis in the spinal cord with anisomycin. When coadministered intrathecally, anisomycin did not change pioglitazone antihyperalgesia at an early 7.5-minute time point, further supporting a rapid nongenomic mechanism. At later time points, anisomycin reduced pioglitazone antihyperalgesia, suggesting delayed recruitment of genomic mechanisms. Pioglitazone reduction of spared nerve injury-induced increases in GFAP expression occurred more rapidly than expected, within 60 minutes. We are the first to show that activation of spinal PPARγ rapidly reduces neuropathic pain independent of canonical genomic activity. We conclude that acute pioglitazone inhibits neuropathic pain in part by reducing astrocyte activation and through both genomic and nongenomic PPARγ mechanisms.Ryan B. Griggs, Renee R. Donahue, Jenny Morgenweck, Peter M. Grace, Amanda Sutton, Linda R. Watkins, Bradley K. Taylo

Improving Environmental Quality in South Florida through Silvopasture: An Economic Approach

A dynamic optimization model is used to compare the profitability of silvopasture with traditional cattle ranching in south Florida. Silvopasture can reduce phosphorus runoff from cattle ranching-a major environmental concern for Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades. Silvopasture can also sequester carbon, thereby offsetting global climate change. The effectiveness of phosphorus runoff taxes and carbon sequestration payments for inducting landowners to adopt silvopasture is investigated. We find that phosphorus taxes alone would not induce landowners to adopt silvopasture. However, payments to landowners to sequester carbon, alone or in conjunction with phosphorus runoff taxes, can make silvopasture financially competitive with traditional ranching