CODE GENERATION FOR CSM/ECSM MODELS IN COSMA ENVIRONMENT

The COSMA software environment, developed in the Institute of Computer Science, WUT,was designed primarily for model checking of reactive systems specified in terms of ConcurrentState Machines (CSM). However, COSMA supports also Extended CSM (ECSM).The extensions allow for using complex data types and pieces of C/C++ code, attributedto CSM states and/or transitions. Because of these extensions, ECSM models cannot beverified by model checking, but they can be used as an intermediate step in code generation.The underlying CSM represent then the flow of control within cooperating components andthe communication among them while the extensions specify the data structures and thedetails of their processing.The paper discusses the code generation from ECSM diagrams. The approach is illustratedwith an example

Code generation for CSM/ECSM models in COSMA environment

score: 6collation: 49-5

Nostoc edaphicum CCNP1411 from the Baltic Sea—A New Producer of Nostocyclopeptides

Nostocyclopeptides (Ncps) constitute a small class of nonribosomal peptides, exclusivelyproduced by cyanobacteria of the genusNostoc. The peptides inhibit the organic anion transporters,OATP1B3 and OATP1B1, and prevent the transport of the toxic microcystins and nodularin intohepatocytes. So far, only three structural analogues, Ncp-A1, Ncp-A2 and Ncp-M1, and their linearforms were identified inNostocstrains as naturally produced cyanometabolites. In the current work,the whole genome sequence of the new Ncps producer,N.edaphicumCCNP1411 from the BalticSea, has been determined. The genome consists of the circular chromosome (7,733,505 bps) andfive circular plasmids (from 44.5 kb to 264.8 kb). The nostocyclopeptide biosynthetic gene cluster(located between positions 7,609,981–7,643,289 bps of the chromosome) has been identified andcharacterizedin silico. The LC-MS/MS analyzes ofN.edaphicumCCNP1411 cell extracts preparedin aqueous methanol revealed several products of the genes. Besides the known peptides, Ncp-A1and Ncp-A2, six other compounds putatively characterized as new noctocyclopeptide analogueswere detected. This includes Ncp-E1 and E2 and their linear forms (Ncp-E1-L and E2-L), a cyclicNcp-E3 and a linear Ncp-E4-L. Regardless of the extraction conditions, the cell contents of the linearnostocyclopeptides were found to be higher than the cyclic ones, suggesting a slow rate of themacrocyclization process

Extraordinary multi-organismal interactions involving bacteriophages, bacteria, fungi, and rotifers : quadruple microbial trophic network in water droplets

Our observations of predatory fungi trapping rotifers in activated sludge and laboratory culture allowed us to discover a complicated trophic network that includes predatory fungi armed with bacteria and bacteriophages and the rotifers they prey on. Such a network seems to be common in various habitats, although it remains mostly unknown due to its microscopic size. In this study, we isolated and identified fungi and bacteria from activated sludge. We also noticed abundant, virus-like particles in the environment. The fungus developed absorptive hyphae within the prey. The bacteria showed the ability to enter and exit from the hyphae (e.g., from the traps into the caught prey). Our observations indicate that the bacteria and the fungus share nutrients obtained from the rotifer. To narrow the range of bacterial strains isolated from the mycelium, the effects of bacteria supernatants and lysed bacteria were studied. Bacteria isolated from the fungus were capable of immobilizing the rotifer. The strongest negative effect on rotifer mobility was shown by a mixture of Bacillus sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The involvement of bacteriophages in rotifer hunting was demonstrated based on molecular analyses and was discussed. The described case seems to be an extraordinary quadruple microbiological puzzle that has not been described and is still far from being understood

A frequency dictionary of Old English prose for learners of Old English and historical linguists

A Frequency Dictionary of Old English Prose is a list of Old English words arranged according to their frequency, covering the whole York–Toronto–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (Taylor et al. 2003), i.e. an electronic collection of all prose texts written in Old English. Thus, if you want to get a quick insight into a prose text written in Old English, you should start your study with the first entries. The dictionary includes all the words which occur at least 25 times in the corpus (over 2,700 entries altogether). Each lexical item is accompanied by its part of speech classification, translation into Modem English, an authentic example from the corpus (carefully handpicked to include the most basic words and thus be understandable even to beginners), the absolute frequency of the word in the corpus and the number of texts where it appears at least once

Method of Building a Model of Operational Changes for the Marine Combustion Engine Describing the Impact of the Damages of This Engine on the Characteristics of Its Operation Process

This article deals with the modeling of the processes of operating both marine main and auxiliary engines. The paper presents a model of changes in operating conditions of ship’s internal combustion engine. The semi-Markov decision process was used to mathematically describe the process model of the engine. The developed model describes the effect of engine damage on the characteristics of its operation. A change in the input parameters of the model can simulate the influence of internal and external factors on the course of the analyzed process. A simplified calculation example is also presented for illustration purposes. The presented method together with developed algorithms and IT tools can be used to solve a wide range of problems related to the operation of marine main engines and other marine equipment as well as maritime and port facilities. This concerns primarily the economic, risk management and operational security issues of complex technical systems, as well as the readiness and reliability analysis of technical facilities

Characteristics of a Series of Three Bacteriophages Infecting Salmonella enterica Strains

Molecular and functional characterization of a series of three bacteriophages, vB_SenM-1, vB_SenM-2, and vB_SenS-3, infecting various Salmonella enterica serovars and strains is presented. All these phages were able to develop lytically while not forming prophages. Moreover, they were able to survive at pH 3. The phages revealed different host ranges within serovars and strains of S. enterica, different adsorption rates on host cells, and different lytic growth kinetics at various temperatures (in the range of 25 to 42 °C). They efficiently reduced the number of cells in the bacterial biofilm and decreased the biofilm mass. Whole genome sequences of these phages have been determined and analyzed, including their phylogenetic relationships. In conclusion, we have demonstrated detailed characterization of a series of three bacteriophages, vB_SenM-1, vB_SenM-2, and vB_SenS-3, which reveal favorable features in light of their potential use in phage therapy of humans and animals, as well as for food protection purposes