Time to AIDS from 1992 to 1999 in HIV-1-Infected Subjects with Known Date of Infection.

To estimate the change in AIDS incubation time during three periods characterized by different availability of antiretroviral treatments, data from the French Hospital Database on HIV of 4702 HIV-1-positive subjects with a documented date of infection were analyzed. Times from seroconversion to AIDS were compared in three periods: period 1 from January 1992 to June 1995 (monotherapy); period 2 from July 1995 to June 1996 (dual therapy); and period 3 from July 1996 to June 1999 (triple therapy). Nonparametric survival analyses were performed to account for staggered entries in the database and during each period. From periods 1 to 3, antiretroviral treatments were initiated earlier after infection, more subjects were treated, and the nature of regimens changed (25.6% of subjects were treated with monotherapy in period 1, 34.6% were treated with dual therapy in period 2, and 53.4% were treated with triple therapy in period 3). Compared with period 1, the relative hazard (RH) of AIDS was 0.31 in period 3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.39). When comparing period 3 with period 2, the RH of AIDS was 0.36 (CI: 0.29-0.45). Assuming a log normal distribution, the median time to AIDS was estimated as 8.0 years in period 1 (CI: 6.0-10.6), 9.8 years in period 2 (CI: 8.5, 11.2), and 20.0 years in period 3 (CI: 17.1-23.3). This lengthening in time to AIDS from 1992 to 1999 was particularly marked in the period after the introduction of triple therapy, including protease inhibitors

Risque et TAL : détection, prévention, gestion. Introduction au 1 er atelier

International audienceThis article is the introduction to the first workshop dedicated to Risk and NLP, addressing theuse of natural language processing methods for the detection, prevention and management of risk.The papers presented during the workshop come from both academic and industrial actors. Theycover the most risk-prone domain such as biomedicine (medicine and pharmacology), chemistryand transportation, but also address more transversal issues of human activity such as professionalenvironments and technical documentation and requirements. The works presented also show thevariety of the processed data (intervention reports, social network communications, academic papers,surveys, technical documentation), the objectives of the analyses (extraction of information relatedto the risk, ambiguity control, documentation checking), and of technical solutions (data collection,corpus analysis, resources development).Nous présentons ici le premier atelier Risque et TAL portant sur les méthodes de traitement automa-tiques des langues pour la détection, la prévention et la gestion des risques. Les travaux présentés dans le cadre de cet atelier sont issus de travaux académiques mais aussi d'applications développées par des acteurs industriels. Ils couvrent les principaux domaines pour lesquels la notion de risque est au centre de préoccupations de par l'ampleur des conséquences à éviter : biomédical (médecine et pharmacologie), chimie et transports, mais abordent aussi des aspects plus transversaux de l'activité humaine, comme les environnements professionnels et les spécifications. Ces différents travaux montrent à la fois la diversité des données visées (retours d'expérience, réseaux sociaux, publications scientifiques, enquêtes, documentation technique), les objectifs des analyses (extraire de l'information liée aux risques, contrôler ou vérifier les ambiguïtés) et les solutions techniques (recueil de données, analyse de corpus, développement de ressources)

Repérage de relations sémantiques entre termes : sur la piste de la morphologie dérivationnelle

International audienceNotre travail est consacré au repérage de relations sémantiques entre termes. Dans ce contexte de constitution de terminologies structurées, nous nous intéressons en particulier à l'aide que peut apporter une approche basée sur la morphologie au regard d'autres techniques d'acquisition de relations sémantiques en corpus. Parmi les opérations dont dispose la morphologie, nous exploitons l'affixation et la composition. Nous portons également notre attention sur la supplétion des bases. Nous montrons quelques schémas interprétatifs qui se dégagent et indiquons les relations sémantiques qui sont aptes, alors, d'émerger

Parallel sentence retrieval from comparable corpora for biomedical text simplification

International audienceParallel sentences provide semantically similar information which can vary on a given dimension , such as language or register. Parallel sentences with register variation (like expert and non-expert documents) can be exploited for the automatic text simplification. The aim of automatic text simplification is to better access and understand a given information. In the biomedical field, simplification may permit patients to understand medical and health texts. Yet, there is currently no such available resources. We propose to exploit comparable corpora which are distinguished by their registers (specialized and simplified versions) to detect and align parallel sentences. These corpora are in French and are related to the biomedical area. Manually created reference data show 0.76 inter-annotator agreement. Our purpose is to state whether a given pair of specialized and simplified sentences is parallel and can be aligned or not. We treat this task as binary classification (alignment/non-alignment). We perform experiments with a controlled ratio of imbalance and on the highly unbalanced real data. Our results show that the method we present here can be used to automatically generate a corpus of parallel sentences from our comparable corpus

Automatic detection of parallel sentences from comparable biomedical texts

International audienceParallel sentences provide semantically similar information which can vary on a given dimension, such as language or register. Parallel sentences with register variation (like expert and non-expert documents) can be exploited for the automatic text simplification. The aim of automatic text simplification is to better access and understand a given information. In the biomedical field, simplification may permit patients to understand medical and health texts. Yet, there is currently no such available resources. We propose to exploit comparable corpora which are distinguished by their registers (specialized and simplified versions) to detect and align parallel sentences. These corpora are in French and are related to the biomedical area. Our purpose is to state whether a given pair of specialized and simplified sentences is to be aligned or not. Manually created reference data show 0.76 inter-annotator agreement. We treat this task as binary classification (alignment/non-alignment). We perform experiments on balanced and imbalanced data. The results on balanced data reach up to 0.96 F-Measure. On imbalanced data, the results are lower but remain competitive when using classification models train on balanced data. Besides, among the three datasets exploited (se-mantic equivalence and inclusions), the detection of equivalence pairs is more efficient

Detection and analysis of medical misbehavior in online forums

International audienceSocial media is an important source of information on behaviour and habits of users. It has been used as such in public health research to monitor adverse drug effects and drug misuse among others. We propose to study drug non-compliance in health online forums. First, we use supervised classification to detect non-compliance messages and obtain 0.436 of F-measure. Then, we manually analyse the content of the messages to learn what kinds of behaviour can be detected, and to study the effect the social media can have on patient's compliance behaviour

Methods for reducing the environmental impact of rock mass excavation

Many engineering projects and interventions have negative effects on the environment. Rock excavation in civil engineering, either in mining or in construction, often is unthinkable without the use of explosive. However, blasting can have extensive adverse environmental impacts, like vibrations, noise, dust and chemical contamination. Therefore, it is better to avoid blasting activities near urban areas, protected animal habitats, sensitive historic buildings, water protection zones, pipelines, etc. While mechanical excavation is often longer lasting and more expensive, in some cases it may adequately replace blasting, where the applicability of mechanical excavation methods greatly dependent on the rock mass characteristics which should excavate. This paper provides practical examples of using existing methods for the assessment of the applicability of excavation technologies. In order to minimize the project impact on the environment, mechanical excavation was applied in some cases. In one case, the blasting could not be avoided, but controlled careful blasting techniques were applied

...des conférences enfin disons des causeries... Détection automatique de segments en relation de paraphrase dans les reformulations de corpus oraux.

International audienceNotre travail porte sur la détection automatique des segments en relation de reformulation paraphrastique dans les corpus oraux. L'approche proposée est une approche syntagmatique qui tient compte des marqueurs de reformu-lation paraphrastique et des spécificités de l'oral. Les données de référence sont consensuelles. Une méthode automatique fondée sur l'apprentissage avec les CRF est proposée afin de détecter les segments paraphrasés. Différents descripteurs sont exploités dans une fenêtre de taille variable. Les tests effectués montrent que les segments en relation de paraphrase sont assez difficiles à détecter, surtout avec leurs frontières correctes. Les meilleures moyennes atteignent 0,65 de F-mesure, 0,75 de précision et 0,63 de rappel. Nous avons plusieurs perspectives à ce travail pour améliorer la détection des segments en relation de paraphrase et pour étudier les données depuis d'autres points de vue. Abstract. Our work addresses automatic detection of segments with paraphrastic rephrasing relation in spoken corpus. The proposed approach is syntagmatic. It is based on paraphrastic rephrasing markers and the specificities of the spoken language. The reference data used are consensual. Automatic method based on machine learning using CRFs is proposed in order to detect the segments that are paraphrased. Different descriptors are exploited within a window with various sizes. The tests performed indicate that the segments that are in paraphrastic relation are quite difficult to detect. Our best average reaches up to 0.65 F-measure, 0.75 precision, and 0.63 recall. We have several perspectives to this work for improving the detection of segments that are in paraphrastic relation and for studying the data from other points of view