Social media networks in the third sector : the road to sustainability

Mestrado em MarketingUm dos grandes desafios do Terceiro Setor é a sua sustentabilidade financeira. Esta dissertação explora o status quo de organizações do Terceiro Setor com diferentes dimensões, de modo a reconhecer limitações comuns, dependências e de que forma as redes sociais podem atenuar obstáculos e quão profundo é o conhecimento sobre o Retorno Social do Investimento de cada uma. Esta investigação exploratória é baseada numa abordagem qualitativa. O método de recolha de dados consistiu em treze entrevistas em profundidade semiestruturadas aos líderes de algumas organizações do Terceiro Setor. Os resultados sugerem que independentemente do tamanho da organização, as maiores e transversais dependências e limitações são: restrições financeiras, de tempo e alcance, sujeição ao pro-bono e ao trabalho voluntário. A natureza não lucrativa do Setor também impõe uma limitação económica e ética na forma como podem explorar os seus esforços de marketing. Para ultrapassar estes reptos, o social media marketing é crucial para diversificar as fontes de receita e obter outros benefícios, tais como notoriedade da marca e credibilidade; potenciais novos doadores e leads. Não obstante, o impacto da medição do Retorno Social do Investimento revela falta de conhecimento e nível de confiança entre os membros das organizações. Esta investigação fornece valiosos insights sobre o estado da arte do tema e conhecimento sobre quais as áreas que as organizações devem focar para tomarem o caminho mais viável para a sua sustentabilidadeOne of the main challenges of the Third Sector is its economic sustainability. This dissertation explores the status quo of the Third sector organisations with different dimensions in order to recognise common constraints, dependencies and how social media networks can ease the obstacles and how deep is the knowledge on social media return on investment. This exploratory research is based on a qualitative approach. The data collection method consisted of thirteen semi-structured non-standardised in-depth interviews to the leaders of some Third Sector organisations. The findings suggest that regardless the dimension of the organisation the major and transversal dependencies and limitations are: financial, time and reach constraints, reliance on pro bono and on volunteer workforce. The non-profit nature of the Third Sector also imposes a limitation on how economical and ethical marketing efforts can be explored. Social media marketing is important to diversify income sources and also to obtain other benefits such as brand awareness and credibility; new potential donors and leads. Nevertheless, the impact measurement of social return on investment is lacking of knowledge and trust among organization members. The contributions of this study provide valuable insights about the state-of-the-art on the subject and knowledge in which areas should the organisations focus to take the most viable road to their sustainability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Endarterectomia carotídea: revisão de 10 anos de prática de anestesia geral e locorregional num hospital terciário em Portugal

ResumoJustificativaEstudos retrospectivos e prospectivos randomizados têm comparado a anestesia locorregional e geral para endarterectomia carotídea, mas sem resultados definitivos.ObjetivosAvaliar a incidência de complicações (médicas, cirúrgicas, neurológicas e mortalidade intra‐hospitalar) num centro terciário em Portugal e revisão da literatura.MétodoAnálise retrospectiva dos doentes submetidos a endarterectomia entre 2000 e 2011 com o software consulta hospitalar.ResultadosForam identificados 750 doentes, mas em 13 foi necessário converter a anestesia locorregional em anestesia geral. Dos 737 doentes incluídos nesta análise, 74% foram submetidos a anestesia locorregional e 26% a anestesia geral. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas relativamente às variáveis estudadas no perioperatório entre os dois grupos. O uso de shunt foi mais frequente em doentes submetidos a anestesia geral, diferença estatisticamente significativa. A diferença entre grupos de acidentes vasculares cerebrais e mortalidade não foi estatisticamente significativa. O tempo médio de internamento foi mais curto nos doentes submetidos a anestesia locorregional, diferença estatisticamente significativa.ConclusõesVerificamos que os dados encontrados são sobreponíveis aos descritos na literatura. Após revisão da literatura constatamos que o número de estudos que comparam anestesia locorregional e anestesia geral e o seu impacto no delirium, nas alterações cognitivas e na diminuição da qualidade de vida no pós‐operatório é ainda diminuto e pode fornecer dados importantes para a comparação das duas técnicas. Assim, permanecem algumas questões em aberto que obrigam à feitura de estudos randomizados com maior número de doentes e em novas áreas.AbstractBackgroundRetrospective and prospective randomized studies have compared general and locoregional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy, but without definitive results.ObjectivesEvaluate the incidence of complications (medical, surgical, neurological, and hospital mortality) in a tertiary center in Portugal and review the literature.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients undergoing endarterectomy between 2000 and 2011, using a software for hospital consultation.ResultsA total of 750 patients were identified, and locoregional anesthesia had to be converted to general anesthesia in 13 patients. Thus, a total of 737 patients were included in this analysis: 74% underwent locoregianal anesthesia and 26% underwent general anesthesia. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding perioperative variables. The use of shunt was more common in patients undergoing general anesthesia, a statistically significant difference. The difference between groups of strokes and mortality was not statistically significant. The average length of stay was shorter in patients undergoing locoregional anesthesia with a statistically significant difference.ConclusionsWe found that our data are overlaid with the literature data. After reviewing the literature, we found that the number of studies comparing locoregional and general anesthesia and its impact on delirium, cognitive impairment, and decreased quality of life after surgery is still very small and can provide important data to compare the two techniques. Thus, some questions remain open, which indicates the need for randomized studies with larger number of patients and in new centers

Depression, Anxiety and Alcohol Abuse in a Gastroenterology Intensive Care Unit: Prevalence and Detection

Objectives: To assess depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse in a Gastroenterology ICU, and the level of its detection by the staff. Method: All patients consecutively admitted to the ICU during a six-month period, 18 or above, and staying 24 hours, were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the CAGE. Doctors and nurses assessed the type and severity of patients’ morbidity. Data were analyzed with Student’s t-test, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations for ordinal variables, chi-square for nominal variables, and multiple logistic regression. Results: The 65 patients assessed had a mean age of 57, and were predominantly male (58.5%), married (72.3%), and retired (53.8%); 27.7% had a psychiatric history, 24.6% were on psychotropic drugs, and 32.3% had an alcohol intake above standards. Anxiety and depression HADS scores 8 were present in 29.2% and 35.4% of the patients, respectively; 20%, mainly men, scored positive on the CAGE. Women had significantly higher anxiety scores (=.012) than men but did not differ in depression. A psychiatric history was significantly associated with higher anxiety (p<.001) and depression (p=.007) scores, as well as being on psychotropic drugs regularly (p<.001; p=.03, respectively). Doctors diagnosed somatic illness in 48.8%, and somatic illness with psychiatric co-morbidity in 51%; for nurses the rates were, respectively, 41.5% and 58.6%. Doctors’ and nurses’ detection of psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with the HADS anxiety scores (p=.013; p=.001, respectively), and doctor’s detection with depression (p=.046) scores. There were no significant associations between nurses’ detection of psychiatric disorders and depression, and between both professional groups detection and alcohol abuse. Conclusion: High prevalence of depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse in Gastroenterology ICU was confirmed. However, the level of detection by the staff was low and mainly when anxiety symptoms were present

Motility and biofilm formation ability of isolated vs collection P. aeruginosa : effect of single and combined antimicrobial application

IBB-CEB and FC

Age and growth of the Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 off Madeira Island

The Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789, is one of the main fisheries resources of Madeira Island. It is caught by a small and coastal purse-seine fleet that traditionally operates around the island. From January 2002 to December 2003, monthly samples of chub mackerel were collected from landings by this commercial fishing fleet. A total of 2212 sagitta otoliths were extracted for age readings from 1068 males (17.4-41.7 cm total length, TL), 1066 females (18.0-41.2 cm TL) and 78 undetermined (13.0-26.8 cm TL). A single reader aged the fishes using surface-read whole otoliths aiming to build annual age-length keys. Age readings precision and reader consistency were assessed by using the average percentage error index (APE ≤ 1.52). Ages were validated up to 4 years using marginal analyses. Estimated mean lengths at age and length von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters, estimated by non-linear methods, showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between sexes (L∞=50.08 cm TL, k=0.252 yr-1 and t0=-1.339 yr; males and females combined). Length-weight relationships were estimated aiming to convert growth in length to growth in weight. No differences between sexes were found in length-weight parameters (P>0.05). For sexes combined, total weight (TW, g) = 0.00218.LT 3.40 and the estimated asymptotic weight, W∞=1523.7 g

Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) spawning season, size and age at first maturity in Madeira waters

The pelagic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 is one of the most important fishery resources in the Madeira Archipelago. S. colias is caught by a small and coastal purse-seine fleet that traditionally operates around the islands. Monthly samples of chub mackerel were taken from commercial landings, between January 2002 and December 2005. Sex and maturity were assigned by visually inspecting the gonads of 1998 males (17.4-46.0 cm total length, TL; 0-5 yr) and 2108 females (18.0-41.2 cm TL; 0-4 yr) using a five-stages macroscopic maturity scale; 99 specimens with undetermined sex (13.0-26.8 cm TL; 0 yr) were also sampled. The analysis of monthly gonadosomatic indices and maturity stages proportions showed that gonad development started slowly in July-August and increased in October-December, for males and females. Spawning took place between January-April peaking in February-March. Maturity ogives were fitted to the observed proportions of mature males and females by using non-linear methods, to estimate size and age at first maturity: 22.12 cm TL at 1.05 yr for males and 21.55 cm TL at 0.82 yr for females

Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) spawning season, size and age at first maturity in Madeira waters

The pelagic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 is one of the most important fishery resources in the Madeira Archipelago. S. colias is caught by a small and coastal purse-seine fleet that traditionally operates around the islands. Monthly samples of chub mackerel were taken from commercial landings, between January 2002 and December 2005. Sex and maturity were assigned by visually inspecting the gonads of 1998 males (17.4-46.0 cm total length, TL; 0-5 yr) and 2108 females (18.0-41.2 cm TL; 0-4 yr) using a five-stages macroscopic maturity scale; 99 specimens with undetermined sex (13.0-26.8 cm TL; 0 yr) were also sampled. The analysis of monthly gonadosomatic indices and maturity stages proportions showed that gonad development started slowly in July-August and in creased in October-December, for males and females. Spawning took place between Janu ary-April peaking in February-March. Maturity ogives were fitted to the observed propor tions of mature males and females by using non-linear methods, to estimate size and age at first maturity: 22.12 cm TL at 1.05 yr for males and 21.55 cm TL at 0.82 yr for females.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Age and growth of the blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus Bowdich, 1825 (Pisces: Teleostei) off Madeira archipelago.

Between 1984 and 1986, 630 pairs of sagitta otoliths were collected to determine the age and growth of the blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus from Madeiran waters. The oldest specimen in this study was nine years old and the largest was 46 cm of total length (TL). The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were estimated for the whole period studied for all fish (L∞=42.32 cm, k=0.161 year-1, t0= -2.563 year; r2=0.743) for males (L∞=39.57 cm, k=0.194 year-1, t0=-2.282 year; r2=0.722) and for females (L∞=49.78 cm, k=0.114 year-1, t0=-3.052 year; r2 = 0.747). There was no significant differences in mean lengths (t–test, p>0,05) and in the von Bertalanffy growth curves (Ftest, p>0,05) between sexes. The validity of otolith readings for estimating age and growth was supported by results from backcalculation method. No significant differences were found in the Bertalanffy growth curves between direct reading of otoliths and backcalculation. Growth parameters estimated from backcalculated sizes-at-age were: for both sexes, L∞=48.28 cm, k=0.135 year-1, t0=-2.898 year and r2=0.999; for males, L∞=44.79 cm, k=0.143 year-1, t0=-3.207 year, r2=0.999; and females, L∞=44.63 cm, k=0.163 year-1, t0=-2.430 year, r2=0.999. The relationship between length and weight was calculated for all fish (Wt=0.00764Lt3.05746; r2=0.951), for males (Wt=0.01271Lt2.90807; r2=0.915) and for females (Wt=0.00604Lt3.12613; r2=0.948)

Age and growth of the blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus Bowdich, 1825 (Pisces: Teleostei) off Madeira archipelago

Between 1984 and 1986, 630 pairs of sagitta otoliths were collected to determine the age and growth of the blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus from Madeiran waters. The oldest specimen in this study was nine years old and the largest was 46 cm of total length (TL). The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were estimated for the whole period studied for all fish (L∞=42.32 cm, k=0.161 year-1, t0= -2.563 year; r2=0.743) for males (L∞=39.57 cm, k=0.194 year-1, t0=-2.282 year; r2=0.722) and for females (L∞=49.78 cm, k=0.114 year-1, t0=-3.052 year; r2 = 0.747). There was no significant differences in mean lengths (t–test, p>0,05) and in the von Bertalanffy growth curves (F test, p>0,05) between sexes. The validity of otolith readings for estimating age and growth was supported by results from backcalculation method. No significant differences were found in the Bertalanffy growth curves between direct reading of otoliths and backcalculation. Growth parameters estimated from backcalculated sizes-at-age were: for both sexes, L∞=48.28 cm, k=0.135 year-1, t0=-2.898 year and r2=0.999; for males, L∞=44.79 cm, k=0.143 year-1, t0=-3.207 year, r2=0.999; and females, L∞=44.63 cm, k=0.163 year-1, t0=-2.430 year, r2=0.999. The relationship between length and weight was calculated for all fish (Wt=0.00764Lt3.05746; r2=0.951), for males (Wt=0.01271Lt2.90807; r2=0.915) and for females (Wt=0.00604Lt3.12613; r2=0.948).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio