Inequality in mortality: Portugal Vs United States, Canada and France

This study assesses poverty's impact on mortality rates, employing an adapted Currie-Schwandt methodology to compare Portugal with the US, Canada, and France, accompanied by a regression analysis. Despite constitutional commitments to universal healthcare, stark disparities emerge for individuals aged 70 and above, with Portugal exhibiting higher mortality gradients (albeit for different reasons). The remaining Portuguese population shows no discernible mortality inequality linked to poverty. Among those over 70, healthcare spending disparities, particularly in medicines and pharmaceutical devices, and medical and hospital services, might be contributing to mortality inequality, emphasizing the urgency for targeted policies to rectify disparities in elderly mortality

The role of salience and information on agent-s preferences: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in Portugal

We perform a randomized control trial to evaluate the role of salience and information on individuals’ preferences. Relying on a quasi-natural experiment, we ask individuals to evaluate two policies recently implemented by the Portuguese Government, both targeted at reducing fuel prices: a cash grant (more salient) and a tax reduction (less salient). We use a random treatment that provides information about the amount of money each surveyed household is saving through each policy. We do not find higher support for the more salient policy. However, we show that the treatment is highly significant in shifting individuals’ preferences towards rational preferences. This result is important for policy makers and calls for clearer and more targeted communication on policy implication

Waldisa Rússio: museologia e política nos anos 1980

Este artigo utiliza a trajetória da paulistana Waldisa Rússio para observar quais temas mais mobilizaram os agentes brasileiros do campo museológico nos anos 1980. Para isso, situam-se algumas das instituições de então, privilegiando aquelas cujas ações tinham alguma repercussão nacional. Deste modo, observa-se com quais capitais simbólicos Waldisa se inseriu no campo para se alçar progressivamente à condição de autoridade, a ponto de ser ouvida e considerada. Destaca-se como o processo de regulamentação da profissão de museólogo(a) foi marcado por diferentes posições, especialmente sobre qual base do conhecimento habilitaria o profissional para esse labor. Também sobre a produção desse conhecimento, a elaboração teórica da museologia é problematizada como etapa que marca o desenvolvimento do campo. Destaca-se então o protagonismo de Waldisa Rússio ao aliar as dimensões conceitual e política dos museus. Considerou-se sua experiência acumulada nos anos 1980 e sua interlocução com o campo do patrimônio paulista. Relativamente a isso, são mencionados os contextos em que ela se engajou na elaboração de políticas públicas museológicas. Conclui-se que, a despeito do debate quanto à dimensão política da preservação nos anos 1980, em razão inclusive da redemocratização do país, o campo museológico praticamente passou ao largo dessa discussão.This article proposes to use São Paulo museologist Waldisa Rússio’s life trajectory to verify which topics mobilized Brazilian agents the most in the museological context during the 1980s. In this regard, it uses some of the institutions of that time, prioritizing those whose actions showed some kind of national repercussion. Therefore, it should be noted with which symbolic capitals Waldisa entered the field in pursuance of progressively reaching the condition of authority to be heard and considered. The article highlights how the regulatory process of museum studies was impacted by different positions, especially about which knowledge basis would empower such labor. Further about the production of this knowledge, the theoretical elaboration in museology is thought of as a step that affects the development of the area. Waldisa Rússio’s guiding role stands out then by combining the conceptual and political dimensions of museums. In the process the article makes the case for Rússio’s experience accumulated in the 1980s and her interlocution with São Paulo heritage. Bound up with this are the contexts she engaged with to elaborate public policies in museology. Despite the debate regarding the political magnitude of preservation in the 1980s, on account of the country’s own redemocratization process,museology was shown to have practically missed such discussion

Financial Crises meet society : economic turmoil and societal stress through a local projection approach

Mestrado em Mathematical FinanceEsta dissertação estuda o perfil temporal do impacto das crises bancárias sistêmicas sobre as taxas de suicídio usando um painel de 53 países entre 1980 e 2016. Usamos a metodologia desenvolvida por Oscar Jordà em 2005, as Projeções Locais, para medir este impacto. Com foco num horizonte de cinco anos, fica claro que os efeitos adversos das crises bancárias sistémicas persistem ao longo desse horizonte de tempo nas taxas de suicídio. Com este estudo, foi identificado um efeito positivo entre crises bancárias e taxas de suicídio. Além disso, este estudo está de acordo com estudos anteriores, uma vez que foi observado que esse efeito é de curta duração.This thesis studies the temporal profile of the impact of systemic banking crises on suicide rates using a panel from 53 countries between 1980 and 2016. A methodology developed by Oscar Jordà in 2005, the Local Projections, was used to measure this impact. Focusing on a five-year horizon, it is clear that systemic banking crises' adverse effects persist throughout this time horizon on suicide rates. With this study, a positive effect was identified between banking crises and suicide rates. Moreover, this study is consistent with previous studies since it was observed that this effect does not last for long.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A new chapter to be written - finding new revenue streams

In this thesis, a valuation model for Disney was developed using a thorough examination of the business’ segments, the value drivers they encompass, industry’s tendencies, discounted cashflows, and sensitivity analysis in order to make an investment recommendation. Media Networks, and Direct-to-Consumer and International segments were examined in this individual report, along with the consolidated perspective of the company and its valuation sensitivity analysis. In terms of final recommendation, it is expected that target price will be $106.23 per share by the end of 2023, translating into an overall expected return of 13.26%. Consequently, a recommendation to BUY was give

Democracia, política e participação: a museóloga Waldisa Rússio

In this issue, they are showed and analyzed professional and personal aspects of Waldisa Rússio Carmago Guarnieri path. It is presented her family references in her activities, specially, the influence of her grandfather and mother. Her social origin, gender and schooling are highlighted in order to observe her professional performance. The aim is pointing out that her ideas about workers and work conditions became important structures since they developed her worldview and her way to handle work routine. This context provides why she struggled for the social work dimension in the musuologist career. If it is considerate her path in São Paulo public service, besides her master and doctorate degrees, Waldisa has a singular position in Brazilian museology field. Moreover, this paper presents a political perspective about her career and that it is not usually mentioned. In the political-administrative dimension, it is emphasized her participation in the elaboration of culture and museological policies. To sum up, it is possible to see that Brazilian woman assumed a critical position in the field which she worked because it was a strategy took by her to be heard and authorized in museology. Therefore, it is admited that Waldisa’s political behavior was related to the context that she lived. Finally, it is noticed that some challenges who were perceived in the eighties remain nowadays in those fields. Keywords: Waldisa Rússio Camargo Guarnieri; museological policy, participation,Neste artigo são apresentados e analisados aspectos da trajetória pessoal e profissional da museóloga brasileira Waldisa Rússio Camargo Guarnieri. Evidencia-se sua identificação com as referências familiares, destacadamente seu avô e sua mãe. Relaciona-se sua origem social, gênero e formação escolar para observar como ela desempenhou sua atuação profissional. Destaca-se como a ideia de trabalho e trabalhador foi estruturante para Waldisa, tanto em sua visão de mundo, quanto em relação as suas jornadas de trabalho. Nota-se como isso se relacionou também à defesa de que o museólogo deveria ser um trabalhador social. Considerando sua trajetória no serviço público no estado de São Paulo, a formação no mestrado e no doutorado, argumenta-se que Waldisa se inseriu em uma posição de destaque no campo museológico brasileiro, oferecendo uma perspectiva política que não estava colocada. A respeito da elaboração político-administrativa, enfatiza-se a sua participação no ensejo de formulação de políticas de cultura e políticas museológicas. Conclui-se, que a brasileira encarnou a dimensão crítica também como meio e possibilidade de ser autorizada a falar no campo museológico. Por fim, observa-se que sua atitude política esteve relacionada ao seu contexto, e se conclui que os desafios dos anos 1980 ainda têm correspondência com o presente, no todo social e no campo museológico. Palavras-chave: Waldisa Rússio Camargo Guarnieri; política museológica; participaçã

Architectural Support for Hypervisor-Level Intrusion Tolerance in MPSoCs

Increasingly, more aspects of our lives rely on the correctness and safety of computing systems, namely in the embedded and cyber-physical (CPS) domains, which directly affect the physical world. While systems have been pushed to their limits of functionality and efficiency, security threats and generic hardware quality have challenged their safety. Leveraging the enormous modular power, diversity and flexibility of these systems, often deployed in multi-processor systems-on-chip (MPSoC), requires careful orchestration of complex and heterogeneous resources, a task left to low-level software, e.g., hypervisors. In current architectures, this software forms a single point of failure (SPoF) and a worthwhile target for attacks: once compromised, adversaries can gain access to all information and full control over the platform and the environment it controls, for instance by means of privilege escalation and resource allocation. Currently, solutions to protect low-level software often rely on a simpler, underlying trusted layer which is often a SPoF itself and/or exhibits downgraded performance. Architectural hybridization allows for the introduction of trusted-trustworthy components, which combined with fault and intrusion tolerance (FIT) techniques leveraging replication, are capable of safely handling critical operations, thus eliminating SPoFs. Performing quorum-based consensus on all critical operations, in particular privilege management, ensures no compromised low-level software can single handedly manipulate privilege escalation or resource allocation to negatively affect other system resources by propagating faults or further extend an adversary’s control. However, the performance impact of traditional Byzantine fault tolerant state-machine replication (BFT-SMR) protocols is prohibitive in the context of MPSoCs due to the high costs of cryptographic operations and the quantity of messages exchanged. Furthermore, fault isolation, one of the key prerequisites in FIT, presents a complicated challenge to tackle, given the whole system resides within one chip in such platforms. There is so far no solution completely and efficiently addressing the SPoF issue in critical low-level management software. It is our aim, then, to devise such a solution that, additionally, reaps benefit of the tight-coupled nature of such manycore systems. In this thesis we present two architectures, using trusted-trustworthy mechanisms and consensus protocols, capable of protecting all software layers, specifically at low level, by performing critical operations only when a majority of correct replicas agree to their execution: iBFT and Midir. Moreover, we discuss ways in which these can be used at application level on the example of replicated applications sharing critical data structures. It then becomes possible to confine software-level faults and some hardware faults to the individual tiles of an MPSoC, converting tiles into fault containment domains, thus, enabling fault isolation and, consequently, making way to high-performance FIT at the lowest level

A tributação de grupos de sociedades em regime de cash pooling: em especial a dedutibilidade de gastos financeiros

Mestrado em FiscalidadeA revolução industrial exigiu às empresas grandes concentrações de capitais, de ativos, força laboral e outros recursos, que implicou que as mesmas refletissem e procurassem soluções para responder à produção em massa. Surge assim a organização das sociedades em grupo como ferramenta para colmatar esta problemática e em simultâneo permitir uma diversificação de atividades. Por grupo de sociedades entende-se várias sociedades juridicamente independentes entre si que se encontram sob uma unidade de direção económica. Ao longo dos séculos XX e XXI os grupos de sociedades têm vindo a tornar-se numa das formas de organização mais recorrentes, situação potenciada pelas inúmeras vantagens associadas à mesma. A gestão centralizada de tesouraria surge como uma das políticas da unidade de direção económica e permite que as sociedades obtenham condições vantajosas de financiamento Intra grupo. Contudo, face aos juros e os demais encargos resultantes destes financiamentos, várias têm sido as contestações entre contribuintes e Autoridade Tributária relativamente à dedutibilidade destes gastos. Neste âmbito, surge a seguinte proposta que tem por objeto “A Tributação de grupos de sociedades em regime de Cash Pooling: em especial a dedutibilidade de gastos financeiros”. O desenvolvimento desta temática terá por base dois métodos de investigação: analisar-se-á a revisão da literatura mais relevante, de forma a ilustrar o interesse prático, que culminará no estudo empírico; e análise crítica da jurisprudência sobre o tema.The industrial revolution required companies to have large concentrations of capital, assets, labour and other resources, which implied that they had to reflect and seek solutions to respond to mass production. The organisation of companies in groups arose as a tool to overcome this problem and simultaneously allow for a diversification of activities. A group of companies means several companies legally independent of each other which are under single economic management. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, corporate groups have become one of the most recurrent forms of organisation, a situation enhanced by the numerous advantages associated with it. Cash Pooling emerges as one of the policies of the economic management unit and allows the companies to obtain advantageous intra-group financing conditions. However, because of the interest and other charges resulting from these financings, there have been several disputes between taxpayers and the Tax Authority regarding the deductibility of these expenses. In this context, the following proposal has arisen, the subject of which is "The taxation of groups of companies under a cash pooling regime: in particular, the deductibility of financial expenses". The development of this theme will be based on two research methods: a review of the most relevant literature to illustrate the practical interest, which will culminate in the empirical study and a critical analysis of the jurisprudence on the subject.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A gestão da higiene menstrual : perceções sobre direitos sexuais e reprodutivos

Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalA presente dissertação tem como objetivo compreender as perceções acerca da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, com ênfase na questão da gestão da higiene menstrual. A saúde sexual e reprodutiva e os direitos correspondentes têm um papel fulcral para o desenvolvimento individual e comunitário. A GHM é um meio para atingir a plenitude desses direitos, mas não tinha sido tratada do ponto de vista científico em Portugal. Esta temática é de relevância assinalável do ponto de vista político e social, em particular no quadro dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, parte integrante dos direitos humanos. A higiene menstrual influencia todos os níveis das vidas das raparigas e das mulheres, pelo que direitos como a educação, a privacidade, a igualdade de oportunidades e o acesso à saúde não podem ser respeitados sem uma gestão da higiene menstrual digna e capaz. Esta dissertação explora os compromissos internacionais e nacionais existentes e procura entender a sua influência nos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Através de inquéritos e entrevistas a informantes-chave, conclui-se que a gestão da higiene menstrual não é uma prioridade no panorama português. No entanto, tal não significa que não seja necessária: embora não seja vista como matéria digna de atenção pública e política, percebe-se que existe um longo trabalho a ser feito. A gestão da higiene menstrual ainda é desconhecida em Portugal, nomeadamente da perspetiva académica, pelo que se pretende que os resultados deste estudo exploratório possam estimular o aprofundamento da investigação e do debate científico, político e social sobre o tema.The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the perceptions about sexual and reproductive health, with emphasis on the issue of menstrual hygiene management. Sexual and reproductive health, and the rights inherent to them, play a key role for individual and community development. Menstrual hygiene management is a mean of achieving the fullness of these rights but, until now, had not been treated from a scientific perspective in Portugal. This issue is of considerable political and social relevance, particularly in the context of the strides in sexual and reproductive rights, an integral part of human rights. Menstrual hygiene influences all aspects of the lives of girls and women, thus rights such as education, privacy, equal opportunities and access to health cannot be respected without dignified and adequate menstrual hygiene management. This dissertation explores existing international and national commitments and seeks to understand their influence on sexual and reproductive rights. Through surveys and interviews with key informants, it is concluded that the management of menstrual hygiene is not a priority in the Portuguese context. However, this does not mean that it is not a necessity: whilst it is not seen as a matter worthy of public and political attention, it is clear that there is much work to be done. Menstrual hygiene management is still unknown in Portugal, namely from an academic perspective, and it is therefore look forwarded that the results of this exploratory study may stimulate the deepening of scientific, political and social research and debate on the subject.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio