7 research outputs found

    A New Quantitative Indicator of Visual Fatigue

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    Le phĂ©nomĂšne des dĂ©pĂŽts de miniatures d’armes dans les sanctuaires celtes : rĂ©flexions Ă  partir de l’exemple des RĂšmes

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    International audienceBy the end of the Celtic period, between the 2nd and the last quarter of the 1st century B.C., new types of votive offerings were placed in sanctuaries.These include enigmatic miniature weapons, difficult to identify and characterize. Yet they seem to have an important symbolic value asofferings by purpose. This paper will try to characterize this phenomenon by studying three Celtic ritual contexts from de French Ardennes : Acy-Romance, BaĂąlons-Bouvellemont and Mouzon

    A group specific anamnestic immune reaction against HIV-1 induced by a candidate vaccine against AIDS

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    The first experimental immunization of humans against the AIDS retrovirus, HIV-1, was started in a series of HIV seronegative, healthy volunteers in November 19861. For the primary vaccination recombinant vaccinia virus (V25)2 expressing the complete gp160 env protein3 of the HTLV-IIIB strain4,5 of HIV-1 was introduced by scarification. This elicited a weak primary response which we subseqently attempted to enhance by additional immunizations (boosting), using four different immunization protocols. We report here that intravenous injection of paraformaldehyde-fixed autologous cells infected in vitro with V25 (individual D.Z.) gave the best results. This individual received second and third boosts of intramuscular gp160 derived from an HTLV-IIIB clone using the hybrid vaccinia virus/bacteriophage T7 expression system6. An anamnestic humoral and cellular immune reaction was achieved for over one year after the original vaccination, with high levels of antibodies to the viral envelope, and neutralizing antibodies against divergent HIV-1 strains such as HTLV-III B4,5,7 and HTLV-IIIRF (also called HTLV-III HAT)3,5 after the first boost. In addition, group-specific cell-mediated immunity and cell-mediated cytotoxicity against infected T4 cells were obtained after the primary vaccine and enhanced by the boosts. Finally, skin tests showed both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to gp160 in vivo. Although this protocol is not practical for a large scale vaccine trial, our results show for the first time that an immune state against HIV can be obtained in man. © 1988 Nature Publishing Group.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    PalĂ©obiodiversitĂ© des vertĂ©brĂ©s du LagerstĂ€tte du CrĂ©tacĂ© infĂ©rieur (Berriasien) d’Angeac-Charente (sud-ouest de la France), implications pour le renouvellement faunique continental Ă  la limite J/K.

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    International audienceThis contribution describes the continental micro- and macrovertebrate fauna of Angeac-Charente (Berriasian, Early Cretaceous). The rich and diversified fauna includes at least 38 different vertebrate taxa from all major clades, and is represented by more than 50 000 specimens. The Angeac-Charente locality includes the most diverse earliest Cretaceous mixed continental bonebed and the only LagerstĂ€tte known to date in the World, and it provides a good picture of a Purbeckian paleocommunity. It includes remarkable taxa such as a new ornithomimosaur, a large turiasaur, an helochelydrid turtle and numerous mammals. The vertebrate fauna of Angeac-Charente has beyond all a Purberckian character. Many exclusively European genera and species belong to families with an essentially Laurasian paleogeographic distribution. Some taxa nevertheless suggest dispersal events between Africa and Europe at the Jurassic/Cretaceous transition. The successive Charentese faunas of Chassiron (Tithonian), Cherves-de-Cognac (Berriasian) and Angeac-Charente improve our poor knowledge of the evolution of continental vertebrate faunas at the Jurassic/Cretaceous transition. Rather than reflecting an important faunal turnover between the Tithonian and the Berriasian, they record environmental changes related to the sea–level regression that characterizes the end of the Jurassic.La faune de vertĂ©brĂ©s continentaux, reprĂ©sentĂ©e Ă  la fois par des macro- et des microrestes, du Berriasien d’Angeac-Charente est dĂ©crite ici. Cette faune riche et diversifiĂ©e comprend au moins 38 taxons diffĂ©rents de vertĂ©brĂ©s provenant de tous les grands clades et est constituĂ©e de plus de 50 000 spĂ©cimens. Le gisement d ’Angeac-Charente est le plus diversifiĂ© des bonebeds mixtes et le seul LagerstĂ€tte continental du CrĂ©tacĂ© connu Ă  ce jour dans le monde. Il donne une bonne image de la palĂ©ocommunautĂ© purbeckienne. Cette derniĂšre comprend des taxons remarquables tels qu’un nouvel ornithomimosaure, un grand turiasaure, une tortue hĂ©lochelydride et de nombreux mammifĂšres. La faune d’Angeac-Charente prĂ©sente avant tout un cachet purbeckien. De nombreux genres et espĂšces exclusivement europĂ©ens appartiennent Ă  des familles dont la rĂ©partition palĂ©ogĂ©ographique est essentiellement laurasiatique. Certains taxons suggĂšrent nĂ©anmoins des Ă©vĂ©nements de dispersion entre l’Afrique et l’Europe Ă  la transition Jurassique/CrĂ©tacĂ©. Les faunes charentaises des gisements de Chassiron (Tithonien), de Cherves-de-Cognac (Berriasien) et d’Angeac-Charente amĂ©liorent nos connaissances sur l’évolution des faunes continentales Ă  la transition Jurassique-CrĂ©tacĂ©. PlutĂŽt que de reflĂ©ter un important renouvellement faunistique entre le Tithonien et le Berriasien, elles enregistrent les changements environnementaux liĂ©s Ă  la rĂ©gression globale qui caractĂ©rise la fin du Jurassique

    A group specific anamnestic immune reaction against HIV-1 induced by a candidate vaccine against AIDS

    No full text
    The first experimental immunization of humans against the AIDS retrovirus, HIV-1, was started in a series of HIV seronegative, healthy volunteers in November 19861. For the primary vaccination recombinant vaccinia virus (V25)2 expressing the complete gp160 env protein3 of the HTLV-IIIB strain4,5 of HIV-1 was introduced by scarification. This elicited a weak primary response which we subseqently attempted to enhance by additional immunizations (boosting), using four different immunization protocols. We report here that intravenous injection of paraformaldehyde-fixed autologous cells infected in vitro with V25 (individual D.Z.) gave the best results. This individual received second and third boosts of intramuscular gp160 derived from an HTLV-IIIB clone using the hybrid vaccinia virus/bacteriophage T7 expression system6. An anamnestic humoral and cellular immune reaction was achieved for over one year after the original vaccination, with high levels of antibodies to the viral envelope, and neutralizing antibodies against divergent HIV-1 strains such as HTLV-III B4,5,7 and HTLV-IIIRF (also called HTLV-III HAT)3,5 after the first boost. In addition, group-specific cell-mediated immunity and cell-mediated cytotoxicity against infected T4 cells were obtained after the primary vaccine and enhanced by the boosts. Finally, skin tests showed both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to gp160 in vivo. Although this protocol is not practical for a large scale vaccine trial, our results show for the first time that an immune state against HIV can be obtained in man. © 1988 Nature Publishing Group.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    In Vitro Culture and Propagation of Grapevine

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