Cultivo de maceiras e produçâo de sidra com denominaçâo de origen protegida no Principado das Asturias, Espanha

A sidra é obtida a partir da fermentação alcoólica do mosto de maçã. Na Espanha, a bebida é elaborada basicamente no norte do país, sendo o Principado das Astúrias a principal comunidade autônoma produtora. A maçã e a sidra, elementos marcantes da socioeconomia regional, sustentam o preparo do fermentado reconhecido pela qualidade da matéria-prima que emprega. Todavia, longe de um modelo de cultivo extensivo de macieiras, o meio rural asturiano está pautado na presença de pequenas propriedades policultoras familiares. Além disso, até meados da década de 1990, devido à expansão da pecuária bovina, as atividades de cultivo de maçã e produção de sidra presenciaram acentuado descenso. Diante deste panorama desfavorável, a Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP) "Sidra das Astúrias", obtida em 2003, objetivou promover a bebida e revigorar a fruticultura da maçã. Os resultados alcançados com o selo DOP tem sido promissores considerando o retorno dos produtores ao cultivo da fruta e a expansão do mercado consumidor da sidra asturianaCider is a beverage obtained from the alcoholic fermentation of apple juice. In Spain the drink is produced above all in the north of the country, and the Principality of Asturias is the main producing region. Apples are one of the most important products of the region's agriculture and are responsible for the high quality of the cider made in Asturias. However, far from being modelled on apple-growing monoculture, the rural economy in Asturias is built around small family farms engaging in polyculture. Also, up to the mid-1990s apple cultivation and cider-making saw a significant decline due to the growth of cattle farming. To deal with this unfavourable outlook the "Asturian Cider" Protected Designations Origin (PDO, a government-conferred quality benchmark), obtained in 2003, aimed to promote the beverage and boost apple farming. The results of the PDO seal have been promising, since producers have returned to farming the fruit and the market for Asturian cider has grownLa sidra es una bebida obtenida a partir de la fermentación alcohólica del mosto de la manzana. En España la bebida es elaborada sobre todo en el norte del país, siendo el Principado de Asturias la comunidad autónoma productora más importante. La manzana y la sidra, base de la socioeconomía regional, en la reconocida calidad de la materia primera y el proceso de fermentación que se emplea. El medio rural asturiano está caracterizado por la presencia de pequeñas propiedades familiares de producción mixta, lejos de un modelo de cultivo extensivo del manzano. Además, hasta mediados de la década de 1990, debido a la expansión de la ganadería las actividades del cultivo del manzano y la producción de la sidra tuvieron descenso importante. Ante este panorama desfavorable la Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) "Sidra de Asturias", obtenida en el 2003, decidió promover la bebida y fortalecer la fruticultura de manzanas. Los resultados alcanzados con el sello DOP han sido prometedores al conseguir el retorno de los productores al cultivo de la fruta y la expansión del mercado consumidor de la sidra asturian

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPING TURBULENT FLOW IN A CLOSED COMPOUND CHANNEL

The study of turbulence characteristics in compound channels is still focus of attention. A lot of experimental results have been produced. Main results have revealed a mixing layer formation between main subchannel and the gap region, implying the flow might be ruled by local scales. The outcomes have pointed to the instabilities of mixing layer are responsible for large structures formation between main channel and narrow gap. Furthermore, the periodical behavior of these structures seems to be ruled by mean mixing layer characteristics, as velocity difference, velocity of convection and mixing layer thickness. By using ANSYS-CFX-12, with unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes and as turbulence model Spalart-Allmaras (SA), a compound channel was studied. Numerical results predicted velocity profile with high vorticity peaks and flow instabilities starting at L/Dh = 15

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A TURBULENT FLOW IN CHANNELS WITH GAP

Turbulent flow in channels with gap is still a challenge for engineering. The velocity fluctuations and the appearance of coherent structures have been playing a major role in forced convective heat transfer process between the warm tube walls and the cooling fluid. In this paper numerical simulation of non-isothermal turbulent flow in a rectangular channel containing only one tube was performed. Unsteady Reynolds Navier-Stokes along with the energy equation were applied to model the problem. In order to overcome the closure problem the turbulence was modeled applying SAS model. The simulated geometry consists of a heated cylindrical tube, placed 10 mm from the bottom wall of the rectangular duct. The fluid flows externally to the heated tube along the mainstream direction. The channel’s length was based on the tube diameter, yielding L/D equal 80

Herbicidas registrados para a cultura do eucalipto.

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17 : analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15072746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54•0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38•1–65•8), 17•4% (7•7–28•4), and 59•5% (34•2–86•9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundationates Foundation

Narcolepsy with cataplexy in monozygotic twins

AbstractIntroduction: This paper describes narcolepsy with cataplexy in two monozygotic twin sisters.Objective: To clinically illustrate the involvement of neurological, genetic and immunologic systems in narcolepsy.Material and methods: We performed a restropective study of these patients that were followed in the sleep medicine ambulatory clinic of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto.Results: These sisters are two of the few cases in the literature concordant for narcolepsy with catalepsy and without a “positive HLA” for narcolepsy. They had a typical clinical course of narcolepsy with cataplexy and attended all the neurophysiological diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy.Conclusion: In addition to known possible genetical similarity, this report stresses the role of environmental or unknown genetical factors acting on a specific neuro-imuno-genetical background and resulting in narcolepsy

Otimização da utilização de marcadores moleculares microssatélites e sua aplicação em estudos com plantas daninhas.

Nota técnica

Demanda por energia em cooperativas do Paraná.

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Construção de uma rede de unidades de referência tecnológica em integração lavoura, pecuária e floresta no Paraná: caracterização e desafios.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um diagnóstico das URT?s de integração lavoura, pecuária e florestas (ILPF), implantadas em propriedades rurais nos municípios de Porto Vitória, Bituruna, Realeza e Cândido de Abreu, no Paraná. O diagnóstico, através da descrição dos modelos de ILPF, das condições técnicas e das demandas identificadas em cada região, poderá servir de subsídio para o estabelecimento de novos planos de ação de transferência de tecnologia, principalmente, em atuação junto aos parceiros da Agenda Comum Embrapa Florestas, Emater-PR e SEAB-PR. Foram levantados dados de cada sistema de ILPF, ressaltando as questões sobre as condições técnicas atuais e manejo do agroecossistema, utilizando como base uma planilha de campo para coleta de dados dos componentes do sistema e registro dos principais problemas técnicos. Realizou-se o georreferenciamento e o mapeamento das áreas de ILPF dentro de cada URT, com levantamento de dados das coordenadas geográficas e altitude, com equipamento GPS. O sistema de ILPF apresenta grande potencial de desenvolvimento e diversificação das atividades agrícolas, que além dos benefícios ambientais resultante da interação entre os componentes, proporciona diversificação de renda e mudanças na gestão da propriedade rural. Entretanto faz-se necessário planejar o processo de Transferência de Tecnologia de forma a torná-lo mais contínuo e efetivo, realizando a capacitação continuada dos técnicos. É necessário selecionar as URTs de acordo com critérios técnicos e atuar com maior frequência no monitoramento e acompanhamento técnico em longo prazo. As principais demandas identificadas estão relacionadas ao planejamento e principalmente ao manejo do sistema ILPF ao longo do tempo, além da recuperação de áreas degradadas e análise econômica do sistema

Capacitação em adequação ambiental, manejo e conservação de recursos naturais: análise metodológica e prospecção de demandas.

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