The fragrant orchid Vanilla chamissonis: an appraisal of the genetic structure of wild populations from Osununú Natural Reserve (Misiones, Argentina)

The commercial crops of vanilla face a significant risk of genetic erosion due to various factors. Vanilla chamissonis, a species with promising bioeconomic compounds, is found in limited regions in Argentina, particularly in the Osununú Natural Reserve in San Ignacio, Misiones, where it grows wildly in sectors (nuclei). This locally adapted germplasm of V. chamissonis holds considerable value and needs preservation efforts. In this study, we genetically characterized unexplored V. chamissonis germplasm and identified specimens within a phylogenetic framework using nuclear and plastid markers. The genotyping revealed that at least four gene pools contribute to the genetic diversity of these plants, with approximately 81% of total genetic variation allocated within populations. Sexual reproduction seems to predominate, and population N1 is a candidate for conservation. There is a genetic discontinuity between northeastern and southwestern nuclei,due to their different genetic constitutions and the tenuous isolation by distance. Phylogenetic results confirm the surveyed vanilla germplasm as V. chamissonis. This research provides essential insights for guiding the ongoing conservation and management efforts at the Osununú Reserve.Fil: Cascales, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Paris, Carolina Ivon. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Gottlieb, Alexandra Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

The fragrant orchid Vanilla chamissonis: an appraisal of the genetic structure of wild populations from Osununú Natural Reserve (Misiones, Argentina)

The commercial crops of vanilla face a significant risk of genetic erosion due to various factors. Vanilla chamissonis, a species with promising bioeconomic compounds, is found in limited regions in Argentina, particularly in the Osununú Natural Reserve in San Ignacio, Misiones, where it grows wildly in sectors (nuclei). This locally adapted germplasm of V. chamissonis holds considerable value and needs preservation efforts. In this study, we genetically characterized unexplored V. chamissonis germplasm and identified specimens within a phylogenetic framework using nuclear and plastid markers. The genotyping revealed that at least four gene pools contribute to the genetic diversity of these plants, with approximately 81% of total genetic variation allocated within populations. Sexual reproduction seems to predominate, and population N1 is a candidate for conservation. There is a genetic discontinuity between northeastern and southwestern nuclei,due to their different genetic constitutions and the tenuous isolation by distance. Phylogenetic results confirm the surveyed vanilla germplasm as V. chamissonis. This research provides essential insights for guiding the ongoing conservation and management efforts at the Osununú Reserve.Fil: Cascales, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Paris, Carolina Ivon. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Gottlieb, Alexandra Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Utilización de marcadores morfológicos y moleculares AFLP en la indetificación de germoplasma nativo y cultivado de Elymus scabrifolius (Poaceae)

Elymus scabrifolius es una gramínea perenne nativa de Sudamérica con gran potencial como recurso forrajero para ambientes con limitantes edáficas. En el presente trabajo se analizó la utilización de caracteres morfológicos y marcadores moleculares AFLP para la identificación genotípica de seis accesiones, un cultivar comercial y siete híbridos artificiales de esta especie. Ambos tipos de marcadores permitieron diferenciar a los materiales analizados en los respectivos dendrogramas, aunque las relaciones entre materiales variaron según el tipo de marcador. El Análisis de Componentes Principales permitió identificar las variables más relevantes para la diferenciación morfológica. Los híbridos se diferenciaron morfológicamente de ambos parentales, excepto un híbrido que se agrupó con su material paterno. Aunque en el análisis de los marcadores AFLP los híbridos se agruparon con uno de sus parentales, se pudo corroborar su origen híbrido mediante el registro de bandas paternas y polimórficas entre parentales. Se concluye que las metodologías empleadas para caracterizar los materiales analizados de E. scabrifolius serían de gran utilidad para el manejo eficiente de colecciones de germoplasma como así también para su utilización en programas de mejoramiento genético.Elymus scabrifolius is a South American perennial grass exhibiting great potential as a forage resource, especially for environments with edaphic limitations. In the present work we use morphological traits and AFLP molecular markers to genotypically identify six E. scabrifolius accessions, one commercial cultivar and seven artificial hybrids of this species. Both types of marker systems resulted in an accurate differentiation of the interrogated E. scabrifolius germplasm in the dendrograms. Moreover, relationships between the tested germplasm tend to vary according to the type of marker system used. Principal Component Analysis was used to identify the traits that best described the morphological variation. The morphological study revealed that almost all hybrids were different from their parents, with exception of one hybrid that was clustered with their own male parent. In the AFLP marker analysis, all the hybrids were clustered with one of their own parents. However, hybrid origin of those individuals was verified by the presence of paternal bands and polymorphic bands. In conclusion, the use of different methodologies to characterize and analyze E. scabrifolius materials has the potential to become of great benefit for the efficient management of germplasm collections and also for their utilization in breeding programs.Fil: Tomas, Pablo Andrés. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Cs.Agrarias. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina;Fil: Gottlieb, Alexandra Marina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucion. Laboratorio de Citogenetica y Evolución; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina;Fil: Schrauf, Gustavo Enrique. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia. Departamento de Biologia Aplicada y Alimentos. Cat. de Genética; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina;Fil: Poggio, Lidia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucion. Laboratorio de Citogenetica y Evolución; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Specific boundaries between the causal agents of the soybean stem canker

Pathogens within the Diaporthe complex cause seed decay, stem blight and stem canker on soybean, representing a serious threat for this crop species. We herein utilize worldwide sequence data retrieved from Genbank in order to assess the species boundaries between the soybean stem canker causal agents, and define whether or not they should be regarded as members of the same biological species. These studies were complemented with compatibility tests, in order to validate our findings from a biological standpoint. Species delimitation assays supported the occurrence of a speciation event between D. caulivora and D. phaseolourm var. meridionalis. A speciation hypothesis between D. aspalathi and D. phaseolourm var. meridionalis was also supported, based on three reciprocally monophyletic substitutions at locus EF1-α. Compatibility tests further validated species delimitation assays indicating that D. caulivora has developed barriers to gene exchange with D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis. Clarification of the specific boundaries of the SSC pathogens and related entities will be an important asset to future research in soybean pathology, epidemiology and breeding.Fil: Guillin, Eduardo A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Grijalba, Pablo Enrique. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; ArgentinaFil: Oliveira, Luiz Orlando de. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; BrasilFil: Gottlieb, Alexandra Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Genetic characterization of maize landraces from Misiones, Argentina

En el norte de la Argentina habitan comunidades aborígenes Guaraníes que cultivan razas nativas de maíz. La caracterización genética del germoplasma autóctono, en particular de las razas de la Provincia de Misiones, es sumamente escasa. Con el fin de aportar al conocimiento de la diversidad genética y la estructura poblacional de estas razas nativas, contribuir a su conservación y evaluar su potencial como reservorio de nuevos alelos, se evaluaron 15 loci microsatélites nucleares en 467 individuos. Los resultados del presente estudio permiten concluir que: 1) Las razas de Misiones se encuentran constituidas por acervos génicos diferentes, que concuerdan con el tipo de grano que poseen, es decir, harinosos/córneo-harinosos y reventadores, grupos que deberían ser considerados como unidades de conservación diferentes; y 2) las razas nativas de Misiones constituyen una reserva de diversidad significativa, con potencial para ampliar la base genética de los programas de fitomejoramiento.Northern aboriginal communities from Argentina cultivate maize landraces for self-sufficiency. Genetic characterization of indigenous germplasm from Misiones Province is extremely limited. To contribute to the knowledge and conservation of the genetic diversity of these native maize landraces and to assess their potential as a reservoir of novel alleles, 467 individuals were evaluated using 15 nuclear microsatellite loci. The results of this study allow to conclude that: 1) landraces from Misiones can be divided into two different gene pools, which are consistent with the type of corn (flints and flours vs. popcorns), these should be regarded as different conservation units; and 2) Misiones landraces represent a significant reservoir of diversity, useful to broaden the genetic base of breeding programs.Fil: Bracco, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Lia, Veronica Viviana. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Poggio, Lidia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Camara Hernandez, Julian Alberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; ArgentinaFil: Gottlieb, Alexandra Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Are cytological parameters of maize landraces (<i>Zea mays</i> ssp. <i>mays</i>) adapted along an altitudinal cline?

The Northwestern Argentina (NWA) highland region is one of the southernmost areas of native maize cultivation. We studied variations of different cytological parameters, such as DNA contents, presence/absence of B chromosomes (Bs), and number and sequence composition of heterochromatic knobs in ten accessions of four maize landraces growing along a broad altitudinal cline in NWA. The aim of this work was to assess variations in cytological parameters and their relationship with the crop altitude of cultivation, in an adaptive context. The A-DNA content of the A chromosome complements showed 40% of difference between the lowest (4.5 pg) and the highest (6.3 pg) 2C value. This variation could be attributed to differences in number and size of heterochromatic knobs. Fluorescent in situ hybridization studies revealed the sequence composition of each knob, with a higher proportion of knobs composed of 180-bp repeats rather than TR-1 repeats, in all accessions. We also found numerical polymorphisms and the highest frequency of Bs reported in maize to this date. These results lead us to propose that the frequencies and doses of Bs are influenced by the landrace genotypical make-up. The Bs might be maintained in higher frequencies in those accessions having lower heterochromatin content, so as to preserve an optimal nucleotype. Furthermore, selective forces acting along the altitudinal gradient might be modulating the cytological parameters studied, as suggested by the significant correlations found among them.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Molecular identification of a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase-producinmicroorganism and phylogenetic assessment of enzymatic activities

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) are important enzymes in the biotechnology field because they catalyze starch conversion into cyclodextrins and linear oligosaccharides, which are used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The CGTases are classified according to their product specificity in α-, β-, α/β-and γ-CGTases. As molecular markers are the preferred tool for bacterial identification, we employed six molecular markers (16S rRNA, dnaK, gyrB, recA, rpoB and tufA) to test the identification of a CGTase-producing bacterial strain (DF 9R) in a phylogenetic context. In addition, we assessed the phylogenetic relationship of CGTases along bacterial evolution. The results obtained here allowed us to identify the strain DF 9R as Paenibacillus barengoltzii, and to unveil a complex origin for CGTase types during archaeal and bacterial evolution. We postulate that the α-CGTase activity represents the ancestral type, and that the γ-activity may have derived from β-CGTases.Fil: Caminata Landriel, Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Area de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Castillo de las Mercedes Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Area de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Taboga, Oscar Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Ferrarotti, Susana Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Area de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Gottlieb, Alexandra Marina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Costa, Hernán. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Area de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentin

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3&nbsp;e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation