Femicides in Guatemala - A study of gender based violence and the construction of female identities.

Femicides, the crime where women are murdered because they are women are increasing in Guatemala. Everyday two women are brutally killed in the country, without almost any efforts to stop it or find the perpetrators. It is my opinion that conceptions and notions surrounding the gender identities are crucial in trying to understand the murders, motives and impunity which the murders are characterized by. That is why I have chosen to take a closer look on the femicides in Guatemala and especially it's relation to the female gender identities in the country. Placing femicides in a gendered continuum of violence gives me the opportunity to discuss the crime in terms of social, economical and political violence. Together with theories surrounding gender, nation and identity femicides can be connected to the notion of female identities through power discourses surrounding gender. It becomes highly visible that the Guatemalan civil war is crucial in understanding today's gender identities because wars affect identities fundamental, and especially a conflict that lasted for over three decades. During armed conflicts the perception of ?manhood? and ?womanhood? becomes essential in discourses related to the nation and the national identity. But as my thesis will show, the Mayan people, and especially the Mayan women came to symbolise the enemy through her breeding of ?difference? which resulted in brutal assaults by the Guatemalan army. In my thesis I will show how gender identities can become visible through placing femicides in a wider perspective and by analysing the power and gender discourses surrounding the crime

"Babies as Bombs: a Discursive Study of Israeli Population Policies

Demography and security are two categories inextricably linked to each other in Israel. The fear of losing the Jewish majority has implications for the population politics, migration policies and above all, it affects the relationship with Palestine and the Arab minority within Israel’s borders. With the help of discourse analysis and a theoretical tool the aim is to frame intersecting oppressions of gender and race. Demography with its associated practices can be used as a disciplinary tool to stratify its citizens. By studying political policy documents from the 1970s until today, this thesis examines discursive changes and similarities in the material, mainly concerning the Arab Israelis. The material deals mainly with issues of security and demography. The overall picture is that the dominant racialized stereotypes have not changed in any fundamental way; the Arab minority is still perceived as a demographical and economical problem. We have found that women are only mentioned together with reproduction and unemployment. Women are the main target for a colonial modernization discourse, connecting essentialized ideas of “Arab culture” with high birth rates and poverty

Oral Prosthetic Rehabilitation with and without Implants after Radiation Therapy and Ablative Surgery

To understand the impact of oral rehabilitation of patients treated for head and neck cancer, it would be beneficial to describe the patient-reported problems related to fixed and removable prostheses with and without implants and which impairments are improved by the treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of oral rehabilitation with fixed versus removable prostheses with and without implants on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measured with OHIP-49 for patients treated with radiation therapy and/or ablative surgery. The study cohort included 51 patients (35 males, 16 females) with a mean age of 66 years. A significant improvement in OHRQoL was demonstrated after oral rehabilitation with fixed and removable dental prosthesis for patients after radiation and/or ablative jaw surgery. Thirty-nine of the 43 patients improved oral health related quality of life after prosthetic rehabilitation. Twenty-four patients improved with more than 20 points. The oral rehabilitation resulted in better appearance and chewing function. No significant effect between fixed versus removable prostheses and no significant effect of implant on the OHIP-score. This may be explained by a limited sample size, a great variation between the included patients and the validity of the OHIP-49 questionnaire measure to demonstrate patient-reported improvements or deterioration of a prosthetic treatment in this group of very functional compromised patients

Subsistence walrus hunting in Inuit Nunangat (Arctic Canada) and Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) from the 13th century CE to present

The long-term history of walrus hunting by Inuit can be characterised by the stark contrast between the innovation and venturous nature of the hunters, and the relative ecological conservatism of their prey. In this chapter, we examine several aspects of walrus subsistence hunting by Inuit from their earliest occupations in Arctic/Subarctic Canada and Greenland (beginning around the 13th century CE) to present. We focus our discussions on the intensive hunting practices of Amitturmiut of northern Foxe Basin, Nunavut, Inuit communities of the Avanersuaq region of North-West Greenland, as well as of their ancestors. We describe species-specific challenges, strategies and technologies for hunting, butchery, storage and consumption of walruses. We also provide a discussion of the position of the species within Inuit cosmology

Domestic cats (Felis catus) in Denmark have increased significantly in size since the Viking Age

The earliest finds of domestic cat in Denmark date back to the Roman Iron Age (c. 1–375 AD). Initially, cats occurred sparsely and only from the Viking Age (c. 850–1050 AD) did they become more frequent in numbers, though primarily in urban contexts and in connection with fur production. In medieval times, cats became beasts of pest control in rural settlements, manorial estates as well as in the expanding towns, where large and numerous refuse heaps attracted various rodents. To investigate size trends over time of the domestic cat (Felis catus) in Denmark, bone measurements and statistical analyses were performed on archaeological and modern material. Domestic cats were found to increase significantly in size over time since the Viking Age. Limb bones and mandibles exhibited the most significant change in increase (up to 16%), as compared to modern female cats, and tooth size the least (c. 5.5%). The most plausible explanations for such a size increase were improved living conditions caused by increased food availability and a possible shift in human usage of the cats, from a rat and mice captor to a well-fed and well-cared pet. Despite the observed increase in size, domestic cats have kept many osteological features indistinguishable from their wild progenitor

Mechanical and biological complications after implantoplasty:a systematic review

Objectives: Implantoplasty, i.e., the mechanical modification of the implant, including thread removal and surface smoothening, has been proposed during surgical peri-implantitis treatment. Currently, there is no information about any potential mechanical and/or biological complications after this approach. The aim of the current review was to systematically assess the literature to answer the focused question “Are there any mechanical and/or biological complications due to implantoplasty?”Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in 3 databases until 23/09/2018 to assess potential mechanical and/or biological complications after implantoplasty. All laboratory, preclinical in vivo, and clinical studies involving implantoplasty were included and any complication potentially related to implantoplasty was recorded and summarized.Results: Out of 386 titles, 26 publications were included in the present review (6 laboratory, 2 preclinical in vivo, and 18 clinical studies). Laboratory studies have shown that implantoplasty does not result in temperature increase, provided proper cooling is used, but leads in reduced implant strength in “standard” dimension implants; further, preclinical studies have shown titanium particle deposition in the surrounding tissues. Nevertheless, no clinical study has reported any remarkable complication due to implantoplasty; among 217 – 291 implants subjected to implantoplasty, no implant fracture was reported during a follow-up of 3 to 126 months, while only a single case of mucosal discoloration, likely due to titanium particle deposition, has been reported. Conclusions: Based on all currently available, yet limited, preclinical in vivo and clinical evidence, implantoplasty seems not associated with any remarkable mechanical or biological complications on the short- to medium-term