Aspectos psicológicos de árbitros de futebol: revisão sistemática

Introdução: Aspectos psicológicos como a ansiedade, autoestima, autoconfiança e estresse exercem influência sobre o desempenho do árbitro de futebol e são de suma importância na atuação profissional do árbitro, sobretudo pela influência direta na tomada de decisão durante as partidas. Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos psicológicos de árbitros de futebol através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Métodos: Utilizaram-se as recomendações da Declaração PRISMA para condução da revisão sistemática. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS e SPORTDiscus. Foram considerados para análise somente artigos originais sobre aspectos psicológicos de árbitros de futebol. Resultados: Foram selecionados 20 estudos. O primeiro estudo incluído foi publicado no ano de 2006. A maioria dos estudos teve delineamento transversal. Foram investigados 1693 árbitros de futebol no total, sendo 1675 (98,93%) homens e 18 mulheres (1,07%). A tomada de decisão (6 estudos) foi a temática mais investigada nas publicações, seguido pelo Estresse (3), Burnout e Tempo de Reação (2 cada). Conclusão: A análise da produção científica sobre os aspectos psicológicos de árbitros de futebol permite-nos concluir que o interesse neste tema de pesquisa é recente. A predominância da investigação dos aspectos psicológicos sobre árbitros homens é expressiva em relação às mulheres. A temática mais investigada foi a relação dos aspectos psicológicos na tomada de decisão dos árbitros de futebol, seguido pelo estresse, burnout e tempo de reação. ABSTRACT. Psychological aspects of soccer referee’s: systematic review. Background: Psychological aspects such as anxiety, self-esteem, self-confidence, and stress influence the performance of the soccer referee, directly linked to the professional performance of the referee, especially by the direct influence on decision making during matches. Objective: To analyze psychological aspects of soccer referee’s trough a systematic review. Methods: PRISMA recommendations were applied to this systematic review. Electronic search was performed in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus. Only original articles on psychological aspects of soccer referees were considered for analysis. Results: Twenty studies were selected. The first publication occurred in 2006. Most studies had a cross-sectional design. A total of 1693 soccer referees were investigated, 1675 (98.93%) men and 18 women (1.07%). Decision making was the theme most investigated in the studies (6 studies), followed by stress (3), burnout and reaction time (2 each). Conclusion: The analysis of the scientific production on the psychological aspects of soccer referees allows us to conclude that the interest in this research theme is recent. The predominance of the investigation of psychological aspects about male referees is expressive in relation to women. The most investigated theme was the relationship of psychological aspects in the decision making of soccer referees, followed by stress, burnout and reaction time

Produtividade de milho verde híbrido BM3061 sob diferentes tipos de adubação no plantio

The cultivation of maize destine to production of green maizer going of shape, due of the function its lucrative. Thus the meeds of the utilization the spring of nutrients fron intensify to production in order to minimize cost. Therefore the work was evaluate the feasibility of manure and chemical fertilizers in the production of green maize in the city of Goiatuba-GO. This survey was randomized blocks which were conducted 4 treatments and 5 replications, being treatment 1- organic material (cattle manure), treatment 2- chemical fertilizer, treatment 3- chemical and manure fertilizer, treatment 4- test control (without fertilizer). The parameters evaluateds were cob sizes, production feasibility and cost. The best treatment was used when the chemical fertilizer + manure fertilizer.O cultivo de milho destinado à produção de milho verde vem aumentado de forma significativa, em função de sua lucratividade. Assim a necessidade da utilização de fontes de nutrientes para intensificar a produção visando à minimização custos. Com isso o trabalho teve com objetivo avaliar a viabilidade das adubações orgânica e química na produção do milho verde no município de Goiatuba – GO. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualisados no qual foram realizados 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo: tratamento 1 – Material Orgânico (esterco bovino); tratamento 2 – Adubação Química; tratamento 3 – Adubação Química e Orgânica; tratamento 4 – testemunha (sem adubação). Os parâmetros avaliados foram tamanhos das espigas, viabilidade de produção e custo. O melhor tratamento foi quando se utilizou da adubação química + orgânica

Impact of peri-intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in the neurodevelopment of preterms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ContextWhether all degrees of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and peri-intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) have a negative impact on neurodevelopment.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of PVL and PIVH in the incidence of cerebral palsy, sensorineural impairment and development scores in preterm neonates. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017073113).Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, SciELO, LILACS, and Cochrane databases.Study selectionProspective cohort studies evaluating neurodevelopment in children born preterm which performed brain imaging in the neonatal period.Data extractionTwo independent researchers extracted data using a predesigned data extraction sheet.Statistical methodsA random-effects model was used, with Mantel-Haenszel approach and a Sidik-Jonkman method for the estimation of variances, combined with Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman correction. Heterogeneity was assessed through the I2 statistic and sensitivity analysis were performed when possible. No funnel plots were generated but publication bias was discussed as a possible limitation.ResultsOur analysis concluded premature children with any degree of PIVH are at increased risk for cerebral palsy (CP) when compared to children with no PIVH (3.4, 95% CI 1.60-7.22; 9 studies), a finding that persisted on subgroup analysis for studies with mean birth weight of less than 1000 grams. Similarly, PVL was associated with CP, both in its cystic (19.12, 95% CI 4.57-79.90; 2 studies) and non-cystic form (9.27, 95% CI 5.93-14.50; 2 studies). We also found children with cystic PVL may be at risk for visual and hearing impairment compared to normal children, but evidence is weak.LimitationsMajor limitations were the lack of data for PVL in general, especially for the outcome of neurodevelopment, the high heterogeneity among methods used to assess neurodevelopment and the small number of studies, which led to meta-analysis with high heterogeneity and wide confidence intervals.ConclusionsThere was no evidence supporting the hypothesis that PIVH causes impairment in neuropsychomotor development in our meta-analysis, but review of newer studies show an increased risk for lower intelligence scores in children with severe lesions, both PIVH and PVL. There is evidence to support the hypothesis that children with any degree of PIVH, especially those born below 1000 grams and those with severe haemorrhage, are at increased risk of developing CP, as well as children with PVL, both cystic and non-cystic