42 research outputs found
A multiwavelength study of the supernova remnant G296.8-0.3
We report XMM-Newton observations of the Galactic supernova remnant
G296.8-0.3, together with complementary radio and infrared data. The spatial
and spectral properties of the X-ray emission, detected towards G296.8-0.3, was
investigated in order to explore the possible evolutionary scenarios and the
physical connexion with its unusual morphology detected at radio frequencies.
G296.8-0.3 displays diffuse X-ray emission correlated with the peculiar radio
morphology detected in the interior of the remnant and with the shell-like
radio structure observed to the northwest side of the object. The X-ray
emission peaks in the soft/medium energy range (0.5-3.0 keV). The X-ray
spectral analysis confirms that the column density is high (NH \sim 0.64 x
10^{22} cm^{-2}) which supports a distant location (d>9 kpc) for the SNR. Its
X-ray spectrum can be well represented by a thermal (PSHOCK) model, with kT
\sim 0.86 keV, an ionization timescale of 6.1 x 10^{10} cm^{-3} s, and low
abundance (0.12 Z_sun). The 24 microns observations show shell-like emission
correlated with part of the northwest and southeast boundaries of the SNR. In
addition a point-like X-ray source is also detected close to the geometrical
center of the radio SNR. The object presents some characteristics of the
so-called compact central objects (CCO). Its X-ray spectrum is consistent with
those found at other CCOs and the value of NH is consistent with that of
G296.8-0.3, which suggests a physical connexion with the SNR.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc
New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele
BLIGHTSIM: A new potato late blight model simulating the response of Phytophthora infestans to diurnal temperature and humidity fluctuations in relation to climate change
Temperature response curves under diurnal oscillating temperatures differ from those under constant conditions for all stages of the Phytophthora infestans infection cycle on potatoes. We developed a mechanistic model (BLIGHTSIM) with an hourly time step to simulate late blight under fluctuating environmental conditions and predict late blight epidemics in potato fields. BLIGHTSIM is a modified susceptible (S), latent (L), infectious (I) and removed (R) compartmental model with hourly temperature and relative humidity as driving variables. The model was calibrated with growth chamber data covering one infection cycle and validated with field data from Ecuador. The model provided a good fit to all data sets evaluated. There was a significant interaction between average temperature and amplitude in their effects on the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) as predicted from growth chamber data on a single infection cycle. BLIGHTSIM can be incorporated in a potato growth model to study effects of diurnal temperature range on late blight impact under climate change scenarios
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247: Decreased Incidence of Acute Cardiac Allograft Rejection in Combined Heart and Liver Transplant Recipients
Ralstonia Strains from Potato-Growing Regions of Kenya Reveal Two Phylotypes and Epidemic Clonality of Phylotype II Sequevar 1 Strains
Bacterial wilt, caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), is the most destructive potato disease in Kenya. Studies were conducted to (i) determine the molecular diversity of RSSC strains associated with bacterial wilt of potato in Kenya, (ii) generate an RSSC distribution map for epidemiological inference, and (iii) determine whether phylotype II sequevar 1 strains exhibit epidemic clonality. Surveys were conducted in 2018 and 2019, in which tubers from wilting potato plants and stem samples of potential alternative hosts were collected for pathogen isolation. The pathogen was phylotyped by multiplex PCR and 536 RSSC strains typed at a sequevar level. Two RSSC phylotypes were identified, phylotype II (98.4%, n = 506 [sequevar 1 (n = 505) and sequevar 2 (n = 1)]) and phylotype I (1.6%, n = 30 [sequevar 13 (n = 9) and a new sequevar (n = 21)]). The phylotype II sequevar 1 strains were haplotyped using multilocus tandem repeat sequence typing (TRST) schemes. The TRST scheme identified 51 TRST profiles within the phylotype II sequevar 1 strains with a modest diversity index (HGDI = 0.87), confirming the epidemic clonality of RSSC phylotype II sequevar 1 strains in Kenya. A minimum spanning tree and mapping of the TRST profiles revealed that TRST27 '8-5-12-7-5' is the primary founder of the clonal complex of RSSC phylotype II sequevar 1 and is widely distributed via latently infected seed tubers