Offshoring and Backshoring in the British Fashion and Apparel Industry: a Literature Review

For decades, manufacturing has been offshored from high- to low-cost locations. However, there is now partial evidence of back-shoring to some advanced economies (Kinkel, 2012). Yet, both phenomena are not well understood. The aim of this paper is to investigate the theoretical underpinnings on the mechanisms of development and restructuring of production networks, and to provide reasoning for alternative locations of various activities, including possible causes of back-shoring. The example of the British fashion and apparel industry is chosen. The paper is concerned with the issues of flexibility (Christopher et al., 2004; Bruce et al., 2004) typical of this industry and related decision making on location and levels of control. This research reviews academic and practitioner literature on offshoring, outsourcing, FDI and related subjects, for the fashion and apparel industry and provides the insight in industry’s ecology based on interviews with practitioners from the industry

Fashion design in London: the positioning of independent designers within the fashion fielD

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we add to the understanding of how the fashion industry's field operates and how particularities of interactions in this field influence the entrepreneurial performance of new entrants. Part of this is to add to the previous knowledge on the obstacles to the creation of sustainable production chains. Second, we aim to explore the hypothesis that in the UK independent fashion design businesses are not growing as effectively as they might be, because they are locked-in (Wenting and Frenken, 2011) in the design-driven, retail-led, London-based networks dominated by strong links with their former colleges, intermediaries and other institutions to the exclusion of potentially more productive relationships based outside the core of the field, whether elsewhere in the UK or internationally. Our research addresses the need to reverse the high failure rate of designer businesses (TCSG, 2000). There is a need to find ways of accelerating entrepreneurship and economic development in the fashion industry. Fashion is a creative and cultural industry and is an important source of innovation, knowledge creation, and economic growth. Fashion is typical of important world city-regions: Paris, New York, London, Milan, Tokyo, and is one of the UK’s most successful industries, with 8% of GDP (£21bn) and over 800,000 employees (BFC, 2012, 2010, 2009). It enhances the country’s image and boosts economic growth via exports and on-line sales as well as through direct sales to visitors. The UK can claim world-leading capabilities in both fashion design and retailing (BFC, 2012). The high-end fashion sector sees between an estimated 20 and 50 new UK designer/wholesale labels looking to break into the market each year. Some designers have achieved £2 million p.a. turnover within four years of their label's launch. However, this high growth is achieved by only 10% of labels (DCMS, 2013). Some commentators acknowledge the disparity between the international visibility of fashion industry and the economic returns (McRobbie, 1998) and raise the question: Why do so many of the most talented designers go bankrupt within a few years of leaving college

Entorno educativo digital como herramienta de cambios complejos de la actividad pedagógica del profesor

The authors of the article identified four basic functions of the use of information technology in the course of training future representatives of a profession: information and training, forming, evaluation and correction, research.  It is noted that these functions do not operate separately, but as elements of a single system, depending on the conditions determined by the features of the information EE. The analysis allows the authors of the article to assert that at this stage of the educational process evolution the main task is to create a methodology related to the use of information management technologies in the development of electronic materials of educational nature and their implementation in the context of pedagogical activity.Los autores del artículo identificaron cuatro funciones básicas del uso de la tecnología de la información en el curso de la capacitación de futuros representantes de una profesión: información y capacitación, formación, evaluación y corrección, investigación. Cabe señalar que estas funciones no funcionan por separado, sino como elementos de un solo sistema, dependiendo de las condiciones determinadas por las características de la información EE. El análisis permite a los autores del artículo afirmar que en esta etapa de la evolución del proceso educativo, la tarea principal es crear una metodología relacionada con el uso de tecnologías de gestión de la información en el desarrollo de materiales electrónicos de naturaleza educativa y su implementación en el contexto de actividad pedagógica

Relationship Between Structure and Properties of the Large-Size Billet of Titanium Alloy PT-7M

In this paper the interrelation between the structure, hardness and strain resistance at 875 ∘C of the hot-forged pipe billet of the titanium alloy PT-7M (Ti-2.2Al-2.5Zr) was studied by the methods of macro, micro, XRDA, durometric analyzes and hot upsetting operation at 875 ∘C. It was found, that the volume fraction of the large grains reduced and recrystallized from the center to the surface of the pipe billet. As a result, hardness and strain resistance grew at 875 ∘C from the center to the surface of the billet.     Keywords: titanium alloy PT-7M, hot deformation, phase composition, structure, texture, hardness, strain resistance

Structure and Properties of the Billet of PT-1M Alloy after Expanding

In this paper the macro-, microstructure, the hardness and the modulus of elasticity for the billet of the PT-1M alloy after expanding was studied. It was shown the expanding resulted to grain refinement near inner surface of the billet due to the recrystallization. The relationship between the structure through sections, the hardness and the modulus of elasticity was established.     Keywords: titanium alloy PT-1M, expanding, macrostructure, microstructure, hardness, modulus of elasticit

On the Formation in the System of the Rospatent of Structural Departments for Carrying out the Property of Inventions and Useful Objects Created by the Population Within the Framework of Initiative Creativity

Describes the essence of the commercialization of innovations, identifies the reasons for the unsuccessful patenting of scientific research. The results of this work are amendments to the legislation of the Russian Federation, a proposal for the creation of special structures that search for patentable objects.Описывается суть коммерциализации новаций, выявляются причины неудачного патентования научных разработок. Результаты данной работы – внесение изменений в законодательство РФ, предложение по созданию специальных структур, осуществляющих поиск патентоспособных объектов

Formation of Structure and Properties in Titanium Alloys PT-1M and PT-7M during Seamless Pipie Production

В работе методами оптической, растровой микроскопии, РСФА, дюрометрии, дифракции обратно-рассеянных электронов, механических испытаний на сжатие и растяжение изучено изменение структуры и свойств на различных этапах получения бесшовных труб из сплавов ПТ-1М и ПТ-7М.The evolution of the structure and mechanical properties of the PT‑1M and PT‑7M alloys during seamless pipe production using the methods of optical microscopy, REM, durometry, EBSD, mechanical compression and tension tests were studied.Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-79-10107-П).The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 18-79-10107‑P)

СПЕКТР МУТАЦИЙ ГЕНА BRCA1 У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ В МОЛОДОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ В РОССИИ

Aim of the study. Aim of the study was to estimate the occurrence of pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Russian breast cancer patients.Material and methods. Complete coding sequence of the BRCA1 gene of 445 early onset  breast cancer patients (under 40 years) from Novosibirsk region (Russia) were analyzed by  targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using Ion Torrent platform. Results. Forty (9%) carriers of various pathogenic mutations were revealed. Thirty five (7,9%) patients  carried 5382insC mutation, described earlier as a founder mutation for Slavic population.  Five (1.1%) patients carried various pathogenic mutations, namely C61G, 462delCC, E143X,  4153delA, and IVS18+1G>T. Besides, 29 genetic variants with no clinical significance or with  unknown clinical significance were detected in BRCA1 gene among 445 early onset breast  cancer patients. Conclusions. Data on the frequency of genetic variations in the BRCA1 gene among early onset breast cancer patients in the Novosibirsk Region (Russia) were  obtained. Proportion of the 5382insC mutation is 87.5% of all pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 gene found in patients.Цель исследования – оценить частоту встречаемости патогенных мутаций в BRCA1 гене у женщин с раком молочной железы, проживающих в России.Материал и методы. Проведён анализ полной кодирующей части гена BRCA1 у 445 больных раком молочной  железы на ранней стадии (возраст больных до 40 лет), проживающих в Новосибирской области (Россия), с  помощью метода таргетного секвенирования на платформе Ion Torrent. Результаты. Выявлено 40 (9 %)  носительниц различных патогенных мутаций. У 35 (7,9 %) пациенток обнаружена мутация 5382insC, описанная  ранее как «мутация-основателя» в славянской популяции. У 5 (1,1 %) пациенток были выявлены  другие различные патогенные мутации, а именно C61G, 462delCC, E143X, 4153delA и IVS18 + 1G> T. Кроме  того, 29 генетических вариантов с отсутствующей или неясной клинической значимостью были обнаружены в  гене BRCA1 у 445 больных раком молочной железы на ранней стадии. Выводы. Получены данные о частоте  генетических вариаций гена BRCA1 у больных раком молочной железы на ранней стадии, проживающих в  Новосибирской области (Россия). Доля мутации 5382insC составляет 87,5 % от всех патогенных мутаций в гене BRCA1, обнаруженных у пациенток

FORMATION OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES IN A TITANIUM ALLOY Ti–3Al–2,5V IN THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING A PIPE BY TREX

The evolution of the structure and properties of the Ti–3Al–2,5V alloy during tube producing by the TREX technology using the methods of optical microscopy, REM, durometry, mechanical compression and tension tests were studied.В работе методами оптической, растровой микроскопии, РСФА, дюрометрии, механических испытаний на сжатие и растяжение изучено изменение структуры и свойств трубной заготовки из сплава Ti–3Al–2,5V на различных этапах получения по технологии TREX.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-79-10107)

RELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES FOR A SECTION OF LARGE-SIZE BILLET FROM TITANIUM ALLOY PT‑7M

In the work of making macro-, micro-, X‑ray structural analyzes, durometry and hot upsetting operation at 875 °C, changes in the structure, hardness and hot strength over the cross section of a hot-baked titanium alloy PT‑7M were studied. It was established that the macrostructure of the microstructure over the cross section of the investigated billet of alloy PT‑7M is characterized by a decrease in the proportion of large macrogranes and recrystallized grains from the center to the surface of the semi-finished product. This contributes to the growth of hardness, the real stresses duaring compression test at 875 °C with increasing distance from the center of the billet.В работе методами макро-, микро-, рентгеноструктурного анализов, дюрометрии и испытаний на горячую осадку при 875 °C изучено изменение структуры, твердости и горячей прочности по сечению горячекованной заготовки из титанового сплава ПТ‑7М. Установлено, что для макро-, микроструктуры по сечению исследованной заготовки из сплава ПТ‑7М характерно уменьшение доли крупных макрозерен и рекристаллизованных зерен от центра к поверхности полуфабриката. Это способствует росту твердости, истинных напряжений при испытаниях на сжатие при 875 °C по мере удаления от центра заготовки.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-79-10107)