Using Tuangou to reduce IP transit costs

A majority of ISPs (Internet Service Providers) support connectivity to the entire Internet by transiting their traffic via other providers. Although the transit prices per Mbps decline steadily, the overall transit costs of these ISPs remain high or even increase, due to the traffic growth. The discontent of the ISPs with the high transit costs has yielded notable innovations such as peering, content distribution networks, multicast, and peer-to-peer localization. While the above solutions tackle the problem by reducing the transit traffic, this paper explores a novel approach that reduces the transit costs without altering the traffic. In the proposed CIPT (Cooperative IP Transit), multiple ISPs cooperate to jointly purchase IP (Internet Protocol) transit in bulk. The aggregate transit costs decrease due to the economies-of-scale effect of typical subadditive pricing as well as burstable billing: not all ISPs transit their peak traffic during the same period. To distribute the aggregate savings among the CIPT partners, we propose Shapley-value sharing of the CIPT transit costs. Using public data about IP traffic of 264 ISPs and transit prices, we quantitatively evaluate CIPT and show that significant savings can be achieved, both in relative and absolute terms. We also discuss the organizational embodiment, relationship with transit providers, traffic confidentiality, and other aspects of CIPT

Selecting the Buffer Size for an IP Network Link

In this paper, we revisit the problem of selecting the buffer size for an IP network link. After a comprehensive overview of issues relevant to the link buffer sizing, we examine usefulness of existing guidelines for choosing the buffer size. Our analysis shows that the existing recommendations not only are difficult to implement in the context of IP networks but also can severely hurt interactive distributed applications. Then, we argue that the networking research community should change its way of thinking about the link buffer sizing problem: the focus should shift from optimizing performance for applications of a particular type to maximizing diversity of application types that IP networks can support effectively. To achieve this new objective, we propose using small buffers for IP network links

Remote peering: More peering without internet flattening

The trend toward more peering between networks is commonly conflated with the trend of Internet flattening, i.e., reduction in the number of intermediary organizations on Internet paths. Indeed, direct peering interconnections bypass layer-3 transit providers and make the Internet flatter. This paper studies an emerging phenomenon that separates the two trends: we present the first systematic study of remote peering, an interconnection where remote networks peer via a layer-2 provider. Our measurements reveal significant presence of remote peering at IXPs (Internet eXchange Points) worldwide. Based on ground truth traffic, we also show that remote peering has a substantial potential to offload transit traffic. Generalizing the empirical results, we analytically derive conditions for economic viability of remote peering versus transit and direct peering. Because remote-peering services are provided on layer 2, our results challenge the traditional reliance on layer-3 topologies in modeling the Internet economic structure. We also discuss broader implications of remote peering for reliability, security, accountability, and other aspects of Internet research

“GOETHE'S CASE”, OR THE QUESTION OF THE INTERPRETATION OF THE IDEA OF LIFELONG LEARNING IN ITS HISTORICAL ASPECT

Using the analysis of Goethe's supposed statement about lifelong learning as an example, the question is raised about the objectivity of the study of the historical aspect of the idea of lifelong education in the framework of nomothetic methodologyНа примере анализа предполагаемого высказывания Гете о непрерывном образовании ставится вопрос об объективности исследования исторического аспекта идеи непрерывного образования в рамках номотетической методологии

Update on ACM SIGCOMM CCR reviewing process

This editorial note aims to first inform the SIGCOMM community on the reviewing process in place currently at CCR, and second, share our plans to make CCR a more open and welcoming venue by making changes to the review process, adding more value to the SIGCOMM community

ANOMALOUS ISOTHERMAL DECAY CURVES OF THERMOLUMINESCENCE IN Al2O3-BeO CERAMIC

Anomalous isothermal decay curves of TL in Al2O3-BeO ceramics in the temperature range of 523-623 K, consisting in a decrease in the decay rate with temperature, is revealed. A TL model is proposed that takes into account the energy distribution of traps

Development of the Value Bases of Modern Heuristic Techniques of Education

В статье рассматриваются аксиологические, философские и социокультурные основания развития современных технологий обучения. Особое внимание уделяется выявлению связи между современными технологиями обучения и становлением новоевропейской идеи конструктивного эвристического метода.The paper is devoted to axiological, philosophical and socio-cultural foundations of modern training techniques. Special attention is paid to identifying the relationship between modern training technologies and developing a new European idea of the constructive heuristic method