Youth Crime and Urban Policy: A View from the Inner City

One does not expect to be mesmerized by a book entitled Youth Crime and Urban Policy: A View from the Inner City. Yet this volume, compiled from the proceedings of a May 1980 conference sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) proves to be a powerful testament to the plight of the dweller in America\u27s crime-plagued inner-city neighborhoods. Because Robert Woodson has edited the comments of the conference\u27s participants with a light hand, the book gives the reader the power of voices from the street-voices of people who are trying daily to stem the tide of despair, decay, and crime that surrounds them. Not only do the conference participants display a compelling ability to describe their surroundings, but they also use their observations to suggest possible solutions to the problem of inner-city crime and violence

RELAXATION AS A MEANS OF PAIN CONTROL1 1Received April, 1976.

The effectiveness of relaxation techniques as a means of increasing pain threshold and pain tolerance and of decreasing anxiety was tested. Forty-two physiotherapy students were divided into experimental and control groups and tested on pain threshold, pain tolerance and anxiety. The 21 experimental group subjects were given one session of relaxation and then re-tested. Their results showed that a single session of relaxation significantly increased their pain threshold and pain tolerance and decreased their anxiety about the situation. No such changes were noted when the control group was re-tested

Botrytis in wine grapes in Western Australia

Botrytis, causal agent Botrytis cinerea, is a fungal disease of grapevines that is commonly referred to as Botrytis bunch rot or grey mould. Botrytis is most prevalent where warm, wet conditions are frequent, but symptoms can occur in cool, wet weather and high humidity. All grape varieties are susceptible. Varieties most at risk are those with berries that are thin-skinned and/or have tight bunches. Some white wine grape varieties infected with Botrytis may decay, in certain conditions to produce noble rot . Wine produced from these infected bunches produce unique aromatic characters with high residual sugar and are usually sold as dessert wines.https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/bulletins/1092/thumbnail.jp

CD80+CD205+ splenic dendritic cells are specialized to induce Foxp3+ regulatory T cells

Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) mediate immunological self-tolerance and suppress immune responses. A subset of dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestine is specialized to induce Treg in a TGF-β- and retinoic acid-dependent manner to allow for oral tolerance. In this study we compare two major DC subsets from mouse spleen. We find that CD8+ DEC-205/CD205+ DCs, but not the major fraction of CD8- DC inhibitory receptor-2 (DCIR2)+ DCs, induce functional Foxp3+ Treg from Foxp3- precursors in the presence of low doses of Ag but without added TGF-β. CD8 +CD205+ DCs preferentially express TGF-β, and the induction of Treg by these DCs in vitro is blocked by neutralizing Ab to TGF-β. In contrast, CD8+DCIR2+ DCs better induce Foxp3+ Treg when exogenous TGF-β is supplied. In vivo, CD8 +CD205+ DCs likewise preferentially induce Treg from adoptively transferred, Ag-specific DO11.10 RAG-/- Foxp3 -CD4+ T cells, whereas the CD8-DCIR2 + DCs better stimulate natural Foxp3+ Treg. These results indicate that a subset of DCs in spleen, a systemic lymphoid organ, is specialized to differentiate peripheral Foxp3+ Treg, in part through the endogenous formation of TGF-β. Targeting of Ag to these DCs might be useful for inducing Ag-specific Foxp3+ Treg for treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and allergy

Predator-Induced Plasticity on Warning Signal and Larval Life-History Traits of the Aposematic Wood Tiger Moth, Arctia plantaginis

Correction Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Volume 9 Article Number 737651 DOI 10.3389/fevo.2021.737651 Published JUL 29 2021Predator-induced plasticity in life-history and antipredator traits during the larval period has been extensively studied in organisms with complex life-histories. However, it is unclear whether different levels of predation could induce warning signals in aposematic organisms. Here, we investigated whether predator-simulated handling affects warning coloration and life-history traits in the aposematic wood tiger moth larva, Arctia plantaginis. As juveniles, a larger orange patch on an otherwise black body signifies a more efficient warning signal against predators but this comes at the costs of conspicuousness and thermoregulation. Given this, one would expect that an increase in predation risk would induce flexible expression of the orange patch. Prior research in this system points to plastic effects being important as a response to environmental changes for life history traits, but we had yet to assess whether this was the case for predation risk, a key driver of this species evolution. Using a full-sib rearing design, in which individuals were reared in the presence and absence of a non-lethal simulated bird attack, we evaluated flexible responses of warning signal size (number of orange segments), growth, molting events, and development time in wood tiger moths. All measured traits except development time showed a significant response to predation. Larvae from the predation treatment developed a more melanized warning signal (smaller orange patch), reached a smaller body size, and molted more often. Our results suggest plasticity is indeed important in aposematic organisms, but in this case may be complicated by the trade-off between costly pigmentation and other life-history traits.Peer reviewe

Fondo de empleados Avance : propuesta para la creación del Fondo de Empleados de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios

1 CD-ROM (95 p.)Los fondos de empleados son organizaciones sociales de la economía solidaria, reconocidas en Colombia, que hacen parte de lo que hoy se conoce como el tercer sector de la economía. Los fondos de empleados en el país realizan grandes contribuciones al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de sus asociados y permiten generar nuevas estrategias de ahorro y crédito, así como el acceso a servicios de educación, recreación, cultura, entre otros. Estos beneficios eran antes exclusivos de un grupo reducido de personas, pero con la creación de dichos fondos, se ha aumentado la cobertura en el ámbito nacional. La propuesta de realizar un fondo de empleados para la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, UNIMINUTO, se concreta a partir de la necesidad de sus colaboradores de mejorar la calidad de vida y, por el ende, de garantizar la sostenibilidad económica y social de los asociados, encontrando en este tipo de organización una oportunidad para consolidar estos objetivos. Para ello se hace una revisión histórica, contextual y legal de cómo se debe constituir un fondo de empleados en Colombia, y adicionalmente, se plantean cuáles son las organizaciones de vigilancia y control de dichos fondos. De acuerdo a lo anterior, se identifican aspectos administrativos y legales referentes a cómo debe ser el fondo de empleados para UNIMINUTO, y se plantean además elementos del estudio de mercado, que permitirán a su población objetivo la constitución del mismo.Introducción -- Tema -- Título -- Planteamiento del problema -- Objetivos -- Justificación -- Alcance o cobertura -- Marco de referencia -- Estudio Administrativo y legal -- Estudio de mercados -- Conclusiones -- Bibliografía -- Anexos -- Gráficas y cuadro

Distributed Spatial Control and Global Monitoring of Mobile Agents

In this paper, we combine two frameworks in the context of an important application. The first framework, called artificial physics , is described in detail in a companion paper by Spears and Gordon (1999). The purpose of artificial physics is the distributed spatial control of large collections of mobile physical agents. The agents can be composed into geometric patterns (e.g., to act as a sensing grid) by having them sense and respond to local artificial forces that are motivated by natural physics laws. The purpose of the second framework is global monitoring of the agent formations developed with artificial physics. Using only limited global information, the monitor checks that the desired geometric pattern emerges over time as expected. If there is a problem, the global monitor steers the agents to self-repair. Our combined approach of local control through artificial physics, global monitoring, and steering for self-repair is implemented and tested on a problem where multiple agents from a hexagonal lattice pattern

The Value of Jointly Held Conferences: Benefits and Considerations for Planners and Participants

University faculty and staff regularly participate in academic conferences as part of their professional responsibilities, yet the literature on their value is scarce, especially when examining conferences held jointly by two associations. Research is needed to help association leaders, planning committees, and attendees make informed decisions about conference organization and participation. This paper highlights the benefits and challenges of a jointly held academic conference for participants, association leaders, and organizational liaisons. In June of 2016, two Cooperative Extension associations, the National Association of Community Development Extension Professionals (NACDEP) and the Association of Natural Resource Extension Professionals (ANREP), jointly held a conference in Burlington, VT. Surveys were administered to conference participants, planning committee members, and liaisons at the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) to collect data immediately following the conference and six months later. Using the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to organize evaluation results, the authors discuss the benefits and challenges of planning, sponsoring, and attending the conference from the perspectives of these different groups. The authors focus on three community capitals: human capital, social capital, and cultural capital. Based on the findings, they offer recommendations for future evaluation of jointly held academic conferences