THE APPLICATION OF THE “UNIVERSAL” MATHEMATICAL MODELS WITHIN THE ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPAL UNIT PROCESSES

В статье рассматривается возможность применения известной математической модели взаимодействия Лотки-Вольтерра для анализа процессов в муниципальном образовании как административно-территориальной единице государства, реализующей нижний уровень управления – местное самоуправление.Цель: обосновать применение математических моделей в социологии управления, социологии местного самоуправления. Реализация данного подхода возможна благодаря свойству универсальности математических моделей, их применимости в различных областях, независимо от конкретной специфики.Метод или методология проведения работы: качественная теория дифференциальных уравнений изучает свойства решений ОДУ без нахождения самих решений. Основы заложены в конце XIX века в классических работах А. Пуанкаре и А.М. Ляпунова. В настоящее время ее методы широко применяются для исследования эволюционных систем, описывающих динамические процессы не только в механике и физике, но и в экономике, экологии, медицине, социологии.Результаты: подтверждена приемлемость применения разработанных «универсальных» математических моделей в исследованиях процессов муниципальных образований.Область применения результатов: интерпретация результатов анализа модели позволяет дополнить и расширить научные знания социологии управления, социологии местного самоуправления.The article describes the application possibility of the well-known Lotka-Volterra interaction model to the analysis of processes within a municipal unit as an administrative territory operating as a lower managerial level, i.e. local self-government.Object: to prove the application of the mathematical models in management sociology and local self-government sociology. The approach realization is possible due to universality of the mathematical models which can be applied in different areas regardless of their specificity.Methods or methodology of the research: deals with features of ODE solutions without their solving. Its basis was formed in the classical researches of H. Poincare and A.M. Lyapunov in the late XIX century. Nowadays the methods are widely used to analyze evolution systems describing dynamic processes in mechanics and physics, as well as in economics, ecology, medicine, and sociology.Results: The article proves applicability of the developed mathematical models within the analysis of municipal unit processes.Application field for the results: the interpretation of the model analysis results gives an opportunity to amplify and extend scientific basis in the field of management sociology and local self-government sociology

Обеспечение Качества Высшего Образования: Российские Особенности И Международный Опыт

The development of trends in modern society (with its fast expansion of innovative technologies and scientific-technical progress) requires education to be more efficient when training highly qualified specialists. It has become relevant to provide high-quality educational services in order to ensure that the training of personnel complies with the labor market’s requirements and needs. In the article, the authors have determined factors influencing the quality of educational services in a university and the goals for which university students get a higher education. Moreover, the authors have identified students’ satisfaction with the quality of education in higher education institutions. The authors have analyzed the assessment of educational services provided to university students. In the article, the authors characterize the meaning and functions of institutions at various levels in assuring the quality of higher education. Special attention has been paid to European institutions involved in the assessment and quality assurance of higher education.El desarrollo de tendencias en la sociedad moderna (con su rápido desarrollo de tecnologías innovadoras, progreso científico y técnico) requiere un aumento de la eficiencia en la educación de especialistas altamente calificados en educación. El tema de proporcionar servicios educativos de alta calidad con el objetivo de hacer coincidir el nivel de capacitación del personal con los requisitos y necesidades del mercado laboral se está convirtiendo en un tema de actualidad. El artículo identifica los factores que afectan la calidad de los servicios educativos en la universidad, el objetivo de obtener una educación superior para los estudiantes y los estudiantes universitarios, su nivel de satisfacción con la calidad de la educación y el proceso educativo en una institución de educación superior se ha aclarado. El análisis de la evaluación de los servicios educativos, que reciben los alumnos y universitarios. El artículo describe la importancia y las funciones de las instituciones de diferentes niveles para garantizar la calidad de la educación superior. Se presta especial atención a las instituciones europeas para la evaluación y el aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación superior.Развитие трендов в современном обществе (с его быстрым развитием инновационных технологий, научно-техническим прогрессом) требует от образования повышение эффективности в подготовке высококвалифицированных специалистов. Актуальным становится вопрос предоставления качественных образовательных услуг с целью соответствия уровня подготовки кадров требованиям и потребностям рынка труда. В статье определены факторы, влияющие на качество образовательных услуг в университете, цель получения высшего образования студентами и слушателями университета, выяснен уровень их удовлетворенности качеством образования и учебным процессом в учреждении высшего образования. Проведен анализ оценки образовательных услуг, которые получают студенты и слушатели университета. В статье дана характеристика значения и функций институтов разного уровня в обеспечении качества высшего образования. Отдельное внимание уделено европейским институтам оценки и обеспечения качества высшего образования

ONTOLOGICAL AND AESTHETIC QUALITIES OF A SINGING SOUND

The paper aims to reveal the existential qualities of a singing sound associated with a person’s spiritual and creative potential. Unlike any other voice manifestation of a person, a singing sound always represents the ideal area of a person’s existence and thus reveals the connection with the individual’s mental and creative potential. To reveal these relations, the authors used Heidegger’s philosophical aesthetic approach and Sintsov’s theory of the ‘inexpressible’ in art and culture, which examine the ontological foundations of artistic phenomena. The expression of certain continual mental processes that are not directly related to the production and formation of certain meanings should be the initial task of a singing sound. A singing sound can be viewed as a manifestation of artwork (Heidegger) since in its ‘material component’, it expresses the ‘essence’ and ‘truth’ of man as a creator, acts as a source of man’s multiple relations with the world (‘being-in-the-world’), is characterized as ‘composite’ due to having an idealistic-materialistic nature, and contains in itself a reason for self-movement. The source of the entelechy of singing sound is ‘inexpressible’ and contains all stages of its being (‘pre-sounding – sounding – post-sounding’). The revealed qualities of a singing sound, artistry and the connection with the ‘inexpressible’, allow defining singing sound as an existential phenomenon. Keywords: being, singing culture, singing sound, artistic creation, ‘the inexpressible’. The paper aims to reveal the existential qualities of a singing sound associated with a person’s spiritual and creative potential. Unlike any other voice manifestation of a person, a singing sound always represents the ideal area of a person’s existence and thus reveals the connection with the individual’s mental and creative potential. To reveal these relations, the authors used Heidegger’s philosophical aesthetic approach and Sintsov’s theory of the ‘inexpressible’ in art and culture, which examine the ontological foundations of artistic phenomena. The expression of certain continual mental processes that are not directly related to the production and formation of certain meanings should be the initial task of a singing sound. A singing sound can be viewed as a manifestation of artwork (Heidegger) since in its ‘material component’, it expresses the ‘essence’ and ‘truth’ of man as a creator, acts as a source of man’s multiple relations with the world (‘being-in-the-world’), is characterized as ‘composite’ due to having an idealistic-materialistic nature, and contains in itself a reason for self-movement. The source of the entelechy of singing sound is ‘inexpressible’ and contains all stages of its being (‘pre-sounding – sounding – post-sounding’). The revealed qualities of a singing sound, artistry and the connection with the ‘inexpressible’, allow defining singing sound as an existential phenomenon

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Listen to Nice

This presentation will analyze an extract of A Film About Nice (2010), by Keith Marley and myself that explores the use of music and creative sound design in a documentary context. It will be contextualized with reference to John Corner’s idea of ‘connecting knowing to feeling and hearing to viewing’ in his discussion of Humphrey Jennings’ Listen to Britain (1941), a wartime propaganda film with an overtly poetic sensibility and dominantly musical soundtrack. This will be linked to Bill Nichols’ concept of the reflexive documentary that challenges the notion of indexical realism in film. Lindsey Anderson, a great admirer of Jennings’ work, urged that we ‘get beyond pure naturalism into poetry’ in order to search out ‘larger implications than the surface realities may suggest’. Despite this and numerous theoretical challenges in the 1960s and 70s to André Bazin’s assertion that film is a window on the world and can represent largely unmediated reality, the apparent indexical power of the image, even in today’s digital age, still holds sway. Sound’s far weaker existential bond between sign and object and hence its greater evocative power in combination with image, is almost never discussed. The contention is that a poetic and self-reflexive approach in documentary, that places particular emphasis on the sonic, can bring a level of signification that more effectively plumbs V.I. Pudovkin’s ‘rich deeps of meaning potential in sound film’ and has a greater capacity to penetrate reality

A System of Comprehensive Technical and Economic Evaluation of Standardized Design Documentation

One of the most important tasks of Russia’s Ministry of Construction is the compilation of the registry of building designs approved for repeat use in public facilities construction. When completed, this registry will facilitate the design process and reduce building-related costs and construction timeframes. The existing guidelines, standards and regulations applicable to repeat designs are analyzed. Challenges hampering the broader use of repeat designs are assessed and possible solutions are suggested. The article presents a set of criteria for the selection of the most efficient designs recommended for repeat use (technical and technological evaluation, investment attractiveness, operation and maintenance costs estimate)

Theoretical framework of accounting and analysis for value-based management

The concept of value-based management is one of the newest cost management technologies of an enterprise. Purpose of this paper: to justify that value-based management accounting and analysis will allow creating an information base for understanding the result of an enterprise activity from the standpoint of the actual value growth. Results: using the methods of analysis, the authors defined the concepts of value-based management accounting and analysis, and revealed their advantages as compared with the financial indicators of an enterprise organization for performance evaluation. Research applications: senior management and company managers can use the results achieved in this study for the effective development of an enterprise

Структурные особенности B6S и B6Se, синтезированных при высоких давлениях

In the present work, the structure of new boron-rich chalcogenides, orthorhombic B6S and B6Se, synthesized under high pressures and high temperatures, has been studied by high-resolution electron microscopy. The structure of these compounds contains icosahedrons with boron atoms in each of their twelve vertices. Such compounds typically have high melting temperatures, interesting electronic and thermal properties, and superior mechanical properties. The structure of pressure-synthesized materials usually contains numerous defects that have a significant impact on their properties. In the present work, twins along two planes, (101) and (002), as well as cracks along planes (002) and (011), were found in both materials. In planes (011), deformation bands were detected in addition to cracks. It was found that one of the twinning planes, (002), is also the plane in which cracks form, while the other plane, (011), in which not only cracks but also deformation bands appear, is not related to twinning. The paper discusses the characteristics of the deformation process: the sequence of twin transformation into cracks, as well as the deformation and fracture of icosahedra in the crystal lattices of the studied materials, leading to the formation of deformation bands and cracks. The results of these studies are consistent with the known data that the brittle fracture of a crystal occurs in the planes characterized by the highest atomic density.В настоящей работе было проведено исследование особенностей структуры новых халькогенидов бора B6S и B6Se с орторомбической кристаллической решеткой, синтезированных в условиях высоких давлений и высоких температур, методами электронной микроскопии высокого разрешения на приборе JEM-2010. В структуре этих соединений присутствуют икосаэдры, в каждой из двенадцати вершин которых расположены атомы бора. У таких соединений обычно наблюдаются высокие температуры плавления, интересные электронные и термические свойства, а также высокие механические свойства. Структура материалов, синтезированных под давлением, обычно содержит многочисленные дефекты, которые оказывают серьезное влияние на их свойства. В настоящей работе в обоих материалах были обнаружены двойники по двум плоскостям: (101) и (002), а также трещины по плоскостям (002) и (011). В плоскостях (011), наряду с трещинами, были также обнаружены деформационные полосы. Установлено, что одна из плоскостей двойникования, (002) одновременно является плоскостью, в которой образуются трещины, тогда как другая плоскость, (011), в которой появляются не только трещины, но и деформационные полосы, не связана с двойникованием. В работе обсуждаются особенности деформационного процесса: последовательность превращения двойников в трещины, а также деформация и разрушение икосаэдров в кристаллических решетках исследуемых материалов, приводящие к образованию деформационных полос и трещин. Результаты проведенных исследований согласуются с известными данными о том, что хрупкое разрушение кристалла происходит в плоскостях, которые характеризуются наибольшей плотностью атомов

TEM study of boron phosphide: Discovery of rhombohedral BP

Microstructure of sphalerite (3C) boron phosphide, BP, produced by self-propagated high-temperature synthesis has been studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Along with numerous twins on the {111}3C plane, layers of wurtzite (2H) polymorphic modification and previously unknown for BP rhombohedral (3R) structure were found which indicates trimorphism of BP