Mass Transfer Mechanism in Real Crystals by Pulsed Laser Irradiation

The dynamic processes in the surface layers of metals subjected activity of a pulsing laser irradiation, which destroyed not the crystalline structure in details surveyed. The procedure of calculation of a dislocation density generated in bulk of metal during the relaxation processes and at repeated pulse laser action is presented. The results of evaluations coincide with high accuracy with transmission electron microscopy dates. The dislocation-interstitial mechanism of laser-stimulated mass-transfer in real crystals is presented on the basis of the ideas of the interaction of structure defects in dynamically deforming medium. The good compliance of theoretical and experimental results approves a defining role of the presented mechanism of mass transfer at pulse laser action on metals. The possible implementation this dislocation-interstitial mechanism of mass transfer in metals to other cases of pulsing influences is justifiedComment: 10 pages, 2 figures, Late

High sleep reactivity: clinical, psychological and polysomnographic features

Background. The model of sleep reactivity to stress considers sleep reactivity to stress as a link in the pathogenesis of insomnia disorder – the degree to which stress disturbs sleep, which manifests as difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep.The aim. To study clinical and psychological features as well as subjective and objective sleep indexes of subjects with high level of sleep reactivity to stress.Materials and methods. The psychological status, subjective indexes of sleep and sleep reactivity to stress according to Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test were studied among 18–75 year-old subjects without significant sleep disturbances and patients with chronic insomnia. Polysomnography was performed for objective evaluation of sleep parameters.Results. It was found that individuals with high levels of sleep reactivity to stress were characterized by high levels of anxiety, restlessness, and neuroticism. According to results of Pittsburg questionnaire, a lower quality of sleep was revealed. These findings were correlated with objective indexes of sleep according to polysomnographic studies: less deep sleep and its lower efficiency due to sleep disturbances.Conclusions. Individuals with high sleep reactivity to stress are characterized by greater anxiety combined with subjective and objective sleep disturbance like insomnia type

A nearly complete database on the records and ecology of the rarest boreal tiger moth from 1840s to 2020

Global environmental changes may cause dramatic insect declines but over century-long time series of certain species’ records are rarely available for scientific research. The Menetries’ Tiger Moth (Arctia menetriesii) appears to be the most enigmatic example among boreal insects. Although it occurs throughout the entire Eurasian taiga biome, it is so rare that less than 100 specimens were recorded since its original description in 1846. Here, we present the database, which contains nearly all available information on the species’ records collected from 1840s to 2020. The data on A. menetriesii records (N = 78) through geographic regions, environments, and different timeframes are compiled and unified. The database may serve as the basis for a wide array of future research such as the distribution modeling and predictions of range shifts under climate changes. It represents a unique example of a more than century-long dataset of distributional, ecological, and phenological data designed for an exceptionally rare but widespread boreal insect, which primarily occurs in hard-to-reach, uninhabited areas of Eurasia.Peer reviewe

Апробация методики эксклюзионной хроматографии для оценки молекулярных параметров иммуноглобулина против лихорадки Эбола из сыворотки крови лошадей

Haemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus is a highly hazardous infectious disease with a mortality rate of 50– 90 %. Heterologous immunoglobulins with a high virus-neutralizing titer are an important element of the WHO-endorsed set of measures for emergency prevention and treatment of the disease. Specific activity of these products is largely determined by their fractional composition, and, in particular, by molecular mass distribution (MMD). The size-exclusion-high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) has traditionally been used for determination of the MMD of the target protein in human immunoglobulin-based products. The use of this method for evaluation of molecular parameters of heterologous immunoglobulin requires confirmation of its specificity, accuracy and precision, and establishment of the chromatographic system suitability criteria in the context of a new test object. The aim of the study was to test the applicability of the SEC-HPLC method to the assessment of molecular parameters of anti-Ebola immunoglobulin derived from horse serum. Materials and methods: three batches of purified equine anti-Ebola immunoglobulin were used in the study. Normal equine and human immunoglobulins of the IgG isotype were used as reference standards. The HPLC test procedures described in the European Pharmacopoeia 9.6 and State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed., were used for determination of monomers and other immunoglobulin fractions. An Agilent 1260 Infinity (Agilent, USA) HPLC system with a diode array detector and an Agilent Bio SEC-3 HPLC column were used for quality evaluation of the tested products. Results: the resolution factor between IgG monomer and dimer peaks (1.69 and 2.10), and the chromatographic column efficiency (>2000) make it possible to use the SEC-HPLC system for evaluation of molecular parameters of heterologous immunoglobulin. The study demonstrated reproducibility of the test procedure. Conclusions: the study confirmed the applicability of the SEC-HPLC procedure for evaluation of molecular parameters of anti-Ebola immunoglobulin derived from horse serum. It demonstrated the compliance of the purified immunoglobulin to the national and international quality requirements in terms of «Molecular parameters».Геморрагическая лихорадка, вызываемая вирусом Эбола, является особо опасным вирусным инфекционным заболеванием, характеризующимся летальным исходом в 50–90 % случаев. Важными компонентами рассматриваемого ВОЗ спектра медицинских средств экстренной профилактики и лечения заболевания являются гетерологичные иммуноглобулины с высоким титром вируснейтрализующих антител. Специфическая активность указанных препаратов во многом определяется их фракционным составом, в том числе молекулярно-массовым распределением. Для оценки молекулярно-массового распределения целевого белка в препаратах на основе иммуноглобулина человека традиционно применяется методика эксклюзионной высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ). Использование данной методики для оценки молекулярных параметров гетерологичного иммуноглобулина требует подтверждения специфичности, правильности и прецизионности, а также определения критериев пригодности хроматографической системы применительно к новому объекту. Цель работы: апробация методики эксклюзионной ВЭЖХ для оценки молекулярных параметров иммуноглобулина против лихорадки Эбола из сыворотки крови лошадей. Материалы и методы: в работе использовали три серии очищенного иммуноглобулина против лихорадки Эбола, выделенного из сыворотки крови лошадей. В качестве стандартных образцов использовали нормальные лошадиный и человеческий иммуноглобулины изотипа IgG. Определение содержания мономеров и других фракций иммуноглобулина с помощью ВЭЖХ проводили с использованием методик, представленных в Европейской фармакопее 9.6 и Государственной фармакопее Российской Федерации XIV изд. Для хроматографической оценки качества изучаемых препаратов использовали хроматограф Agilent 1260 Infinity (Agilent, США) c диодно-матричным детектором и хроматографическую колонку Agilent Bio SEC-3. Результаты: установлено, что используемая система эксклюзионной ВЭЖХ по показателям фактора разрешения между хроматографическими пиками мономера и димера IgG (1,69 и 2,10) и эффективности хроматографической колонки (>2000) может быть использована для оценки молекулярных параметров гетерологичного иммуноглобулина. Подтверждена воспроизводимость результатов методики. Выводы: апробирована методика эксклюзионной ВЭЖХ для оценки молекулярных параметров иммуноглобулина против лихорадки Эбола из сыворотки крови лошадей. Установлено соответствие качества очищенного иммуноглобулина отечественным и международным требованиям по показателю «Молекулярные параметры»

Factors associated with the efficiency of maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Objective: to evaluate tolerability and efficacy of maintenance treatment in the absence of progression after 16 weeks of first-line therapy in patients with unresectable metastatic colon cancer.Materials and methods. We have analyzed medical case histories of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who underwent treatment in the department of clinical pharmacology and chemotherapy of N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center from 2007 to 2015 years. Inclusion criteria were the following: 16–24 weeks of first-line chemotherapy with no signs of progression and the inability to perform metastasectomy. Progression-free survival was the main criterion for effectiveness in our study.Results. 160 (44.5 %) of 359 treated patients met the inclusion criteria. 102 (63.7 %) patients were followed up, while the other 58 (36.3 % – comparison group) patients underwent maintenance chemotherapy. Grade I–II toxic reactions and grade III complications associated with first-line chemotherapy were insignificantly more common in the group of patients left on maintenance chemotherapy: 72.4 % and 37.9 % versus 57.8 % and 24.5 % in the comparison group, p = 0.07 and p = 0.07 respectively. The frequency of grade I–II toxic reactions and grade III complications in the second-line treatment did not differ between treatment groups (p = 0.9 and p = 0.8). The median of progression-free survival in observation group and comparison group was 4, and 6 months (odds ratio (OR) 0.6; p = 0.009), and life expectancy – 23 and 31 months (OR 0.75; p = 0.1), respectively. Statistically significant differences between groups with respect to achieving the objective response and/or normalization of carcinoembryonic antigen level were revealed: median of progression-free survival was 13 (n = 26 of 57; 45.6 %) and 4 months (n = 31 of 57, 54.4 %), respectively (HR 0.38; p = 0.002), median of life expectancy – 34 months versus 26 months (OR 0.37; p = 0.3). Conclusions. Carrying out maintenance therapy is associated with increased incidence of grade III complications during the first-line treatment, but does not affect the tolerability of the second-line treatment. Supportive chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines remains to be the most effective in patients with favorable prognostic factors such as normalization of carcinoembryonic antigen and/or achievement of the objective response on the background of first-line chemotherapy

2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)With the participation: Russian Association of Cardiovascular SurgeonsEndorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Task Force: Gabrusenko S.A. (Chairman), Gudkova A.Ya.* (Chairman), Koziolova N.A. (Chairman), Alexandrova S.A., Berseneva M.I., Gordeev M.L., Dzemeshkevich S.L., Zaklyazminskaya E.V., Irtyuga O.B., Kaplunova V.Yu., Kostareva A.A., Krutikov A.N., Malenkov D.A., Novikova T.N., Saidova M.A., Sanakoev M.K., Stukalova O.V

Near field scanning optical microscopy for investigation of high power semiconductor lasers

В данной работе были исследованы карты распределения ближнего поля InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs полосковых инжекционных лазеров при различных токах накачки. Было показано, что в структурах, состоящих из двух резонансно связанных волноводов, наблюдается подавление мод высоких порядков.Near field intensity distributions of InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs lasers including broadened waveguides based on coupled large optical cavity (CLOC) structures were investigated. It was demonstrated that scanning near field optical microscopy gives direct proof of suppressing the transverse high-order mode lasing.Работа выполнена при поддержке РНФ (соглашение № 14-42-00006-П

К вопросу о числе лимфатических узлов, необходимых к изучению при раке толстой кишки II стадии

Objective: to determine the minimum number of lymph nodes (LN) required for accurate prediction of overall survival in patients with stage II colon cancer and to assess the prognostic value of criteria used in the MOSAIC trial.Materials and methods. This retrospective study included patients with stage II colon cancer that underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Proctology and received adjuvant chemotherapy (if needed) in the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Chemotherapy of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between 2004 and 2013. Overall survival was considered as the main criterion of treatment efficacy.Results. A total of 445 patients met the inclusion criteria; of them, 60 (13.5 %) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the predictive value of the number of removed LN for disease progression and death in patients with stage II colon cancer. We found that specificity of >80 % was achieved by removing/examining at least 12 LN. The examination of 13 LN increases specificity by another 6 %. Further increase in the number of removed/examined LN (>13) did not significantly improve prognostic accuracy for death from the moment of disease progression. Only the removal of 13 or more LN ensured a significant impact on overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.12; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.02—0.91; p = 0.04). At multivariate analysis, the following factors were found to affect overall survival: postoperative complications (HR 2.4; 95 % CI 1.4—4.3; p <0.01), pT4 stage (HR 1.2; 95 % CI 1.003—1.400;р = 0.04), and removal/examination of 13 or more LN(HR 0.1; 95 % CI 0.02—1.01;p = 0.05). However, after the inclusion of the variable reflecting the number of factors form the MOSAIC trail into the multivariate model, the last 2 covariates lost their statistical significance as independent prognostic factors.Conclusion. We recommend removing/examining at least 12 (preferable 13) LN in patients with stage II colon cancer in order to ensure proper staging. For patients with high risk of disease progression (those with <13 LN removed and/or presented a T4 depth of invasion in the intestinal wall), adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered. For routine clinical practice, we recommend assessing the risk of progression using the criteria from the MOSAIC trial for patients with stage II colon cancer.Цель исследования — оценка минимального числа лимфатических узлов (ЛУ), имеющих прогностическое значение в отношении общей выживаемости больных раком толстой кишки при II стадии болезни, а также изучение прогностического значения критериев исследования MOSAIC.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ медицинской документации больных раком толстой кишки. Были отобраны пациенты со II стадией рака толстой кишки, получавшие хирургическое лечение в отделении проктологии и, при необходимости, адъювантную химиотерапию в отделении клинической фармакологии и химиотерапии ФГБУ«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России в период с 2004по 2013 г. В качестве основного критерия эффективности рассматривали общую выживаемость.Результаты. Критериям включения в анализ соответствовали 445больных, 60 (13,5 %) из них проводилась адъювантная химиотерапия. При проведении ROC-анализа ассоциации числа удаленных ЛУ с частотой прогрессирования болезни и смерти среди пациентов со II стадией было показано, что специфичность >80 % достигалась при удалении/изучении как минимум 12 ЛУ. При исследовании 13 ЛУ удается повысить данный показатель еще на 6 %. Дальнейшее увеличение числа удаленных/изученных ЛУ (>13) не приводит к значимому увеличению точности прогнозирования смерти от прогрессирования заболевания. При этом только при удалении 13 и более ЛУ удалось отметить значимое влияние данного показателя на общую выживаемость (отношение рисков (ОР) 0,12; 95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,02—0,91;р = 0,04). При многофакторном анализе значимое влияние на общую выживаемость оказали такие признаки, как осложнения хирургического этапа лечения (ОР 2,4; 95 % ДИ 1,4—4,3; р <0,01), статус pT4 (ОР 1,2; 95 % ДИ 1,003—1,400; р = 0,04) и удаление/изучение 13 и более ЛУ (ОР 0,1; 95 % ДИ 0,02—1,01; р = 0,05). При этом при добавлении в анализ данных по числу факторов риска из исследования MOSAIC последние 2 фактора теряли свое независимое прогностическое значение.Выводы. При II стадии заболевания мы рекомендуем удалять/изучать как минимум 12, а лучше 13 ЛУ с целью адекватного стадирования. В случае наличия факторов риска прогрессирования, таких как удаление <13 ЛУ и/или степень инвазии в стенку кишки T4, рассматривается проведение адъювантной химиотерапии. Также в повседневной практике при IIстадии заболевания можно использовать оценку риска прогрессирования — критериев исследования MOSAIC