Hemijski sastav ekstrakta semenki bele ribizle

From the seeds of white currant (Ribes rubrum, cv. White Champagne), a new sesquiterpenoid glycoside 1 was isolated, along with two known compounds: dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and 3-carboxymethyl-indole-1-N-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). The structure of the new compound was identified as dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-beta-gentiobioside, based on extensive NMR and MS spectral studies.Iz semena bele ribizle (Ribes rubrum, cv. bela šampanjska) izolovan je novi seskviterpenski glukozid (1), zajedno sa dva poznata jedinjenja: 3'-O-b-D-glukopiranozidom dihidrofazeinske kiseline (2) i 3-karboksimetilindol-1-N-b-D-glukopiranozidom (3). Na osnovu detaljnih NMR i MS studija, struktura novog jedinjenja je određena kao 3'-O-b-genciobiozid dihidrofazeinske kiseline

Flavonoidi iz nadzemnih delova Onobrychis montana subsp. scardica

Rutin (1, main constituent) and two flavone C-glycosides, vitexin (2) and vitexin 2 ''-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Onobrychis montana subsp. scardica. They were identified by (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy (procedure with shift reagents), and high resolution ESI-MS. A relatively high content of 1 (5.27 mg/g of dry plant material), measured by HPLC, indicated O. montana subsp. scardica as a new natural source of this biologically active compound. The isolated flavonoid compounds might be of value as chemotaxonomic markers.Iz nadzemnih delova Onobrychis montana subsp. scardica izolovani su rutin (1, glavni sastojak) i dva flavonoidna S-glikozida, viteksin (2) i njegov 2''-O-α-ramnopiranozid (3). Njihova struktura je određena primenom 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR i UV spektroskopije (procedura sa reagensima UV-pomeranja) i masene spektrometrije visokog razlaganja (HR-ESI-MS). Relativno visok sadržaj rutina (5.27 mg/g suvog materijala) određen pomoću tečne hromatografije (HPLC), ukazuje na O. montana subsp. scardica kao nov prirodni izvor ovog biološki aktivnog jedinjenja. Izolovana jedinjenja mogu biti i od vrednosti kao hemotaksonomski markeri

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Extract: Potential Cytotoxic Agent Against Different Cancer Cell Lines

The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of pomegranate peel (PP) extract on different human cancer cell lines. MTT was performed to estimate cytotoxic effects of PP extract against HTB140, HTB177, MCF7, HCT116 human cancer cell lines and MRC-5 normal fibroblasts. Clonogenic assay was used to reveal cell survival after the treatment with PP extract. Cell cycle analysis was done using flow cytometry. Wound healing assay was applied to estimate inhibitory effects of PP extract on migration of cancer cells. The results showed that PP extract expressed selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells compared to normal cell line. Analyzed cancer cell lines displayed individual variations in sensitivity to PP extract reflected through changes in clonogenic survival, cell cycle distribution and migration, which may be due to the specific nature of each tested cell line. In conclusion, PP extract exhibits good inhibitory effects on tested cancer cell lines

Comparative chemical analysis and pharmacological profile of extract of extacts of selected species of the genus Hypericum L.

Одрживост је континуиран процес балансирања између животне средине, економске и социјалне димензије, који се односи на системска побољшања животног окружења. Енергија се налази међу покретачима одрживог развоја везано за потребу за повећање социјалног благостања, његову кључну улогу у економском развоју и утицај на животну средину. Урбане зоне, као центри потреба за енергијом и емисија угљеника, пружају значајне могућности за промоцију одрживости енергетског система заједнице. Планирање нових енергетских капацитета, у складу са принципима одрживог развоја, обухвата спровођење политике повећања енергетске ефикасности и увођења обновљивих извора енергије. Дисертација ставља акценат на коришћење потенцијала дела обновљивих извора, односно нискотемпературних извора топлоте, тј. на првом месту геотермалне енергије подземних вода, стена, земље, затим ваздуха, воде и Сунца за добијање топлотне енергије. Ови извори обезбеђују нижу температуру него што се добија сагоревањем фосилних горива. Међутим, њиховом употребом могу се добити значајне количине енергије и у многим системима задовољити и комплетне потребе за топлотном енергијом. При томе, коришћењем нискотемпературних извора смањује се потрошња других облика енергије, трошкови горива, уз значајно смањен негативан утицај на животну средину...Balancing of environmental, economic and social issues is the essence of sustainability. That is continuous process, related to our living environment and their systematic improvements. For sustainable development, energy is one of the most important drivers. Improving the social welfare, economic development, but also environmental impacts are closely related to energy development. Urban areas are the centers of energy demand and carbon emissions. For that reason, cities are the places where the actions for promoting the sustainability of energy systems should be initiated. Planning new facilities, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, involves a wide range of energy efficiency measures and the introduction of renewable energy sources. The thesis emphasizes the use of renewable resources, primarily low-temperature heat sources, i.e. first geothermal ground water, rocks, soil, air, water and sun to generate heat. These sources provide a lower temperature than is obtained by burning fossil fuels. However, their use can provide significant amounts of energy and satisfy the complete heat demands in many systems. In addition, using low temperature sources reduces the consumption of other forms of energy, fuel costs, and significantly reduced the negative impact on the environment..

Ethnobotanical study on traditional uses of wild medicinal plants in Prokletije Mountains (Montenegro)

Aim of the study: The main objectives were to collect information on the use of wild growing medicinal plants by local people living in high mountain region of Montenegro and conduct local botanical and ecological surveys. Active ingredients of plant species officinal in European Pharmacopoeia 6.0 (Ph. Eur. 6.0) were studied and we assessed possibilities for commercial exploitation for local economic development. Materials and methods: The 75 people that were interviewed (40-82 years old) identified 94 species for treatment of various human ailments. For each named species, the following elements are provided: botanical name, family, part(s) used, medicinal use and perceived property, listing in published pharmacopoeias, the relative abundance of each species and locality where the plant was collected. Chemical analyses were done according to prescriptions of Ph. Eur. 6.0 in order to estimate potential commercial use of native plants. Results and conclusion: The most common in traditional usage were Rosaceae (11 species) making 11.7%, Asteraceae (10 species) 10.6% and Lamiaceae (7 species) 7.4%. From 94 species reported, 35 (37.2%) are officinal in Ph. Eur. 6.0 and 12 in national pharmacopoeias (12.8%). Aerial parts were mostly used (43.6%). The most frequently reported medicinal uses were for treating gastrointestinal (57.4%) and respiratory diseases (41.5%). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Phenolic compounds and carotenoids in pumpkin fruit and related traditional products

Pumpkin fruit is used in a diet since ancient times especially in rural communities. The major contributory factors of nutritional and medicinal value of pumpkins are carotenoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Due to a very large fruit that it is not easy to consume a whole as well as short shelf-life of fresh-cut pumpkin, different ways of conserving and processing are performed. In our study, total carotenoids, total phenolics and individual phenolics in fresh pumpkin and pumpkin traditional products such as sweet in wine, jam and juice, which are typical for northern parts of Serbia, were studied. Total carotenoids ranged from 27.6 μg/g of pumpkin sweet in wine to 86.3 μg/g of fresh fruit, while the amount of total phenolics varied between 93.0 μg GAE/g of pumpkin juice and 905.9 μg GAE/g of fresh fruit. Eight phenolic compounds were identified in the investigated samples and among them phenolic acids dominated. Among flavonoids, flavanon glycoside hesperidin was detected. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 46013

Spray-dried extracts of Thymus serpyllum

In the present study, spray-dried Thymus serpyllum extracts obtained by using four extraction techniques (maceration, heat-assisted extraction, extraction in ultrasound bath and extraction by ultrasound probe) were characterized through determination of total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents, antioxidant capacity, zeta potential, bulk density and solubility. Polyphenols yield was statistically higher in the extract obtained by ultrasound probe, in comparison to the extracts prepared using maceration, heat-assisted extraction and extraction in ultrasound bath. On the other hand, extraction technique did not show statistically significant influence on the flavonoids concentration. Furthermore, extraction procedures did not show significant effect on antioxidant neutralization of DPPH radicals, while flavonoids yield had correlation with the DPPH radical-scavenging capacity assay. However, the extracts obtained using maceration and ultrasound waves (ultrasound bath) have shown significantly better antioxidant capacity in the preservation of β-carotene, compared to the extracts prepared by using high temperature and ultrasound probe. The extract obtained in maceration has shown statistically better stability (higher absolute value of zeta potential), compared to the extracts prepared using high temperature and ultrasound waves. According to the results of Pharmacopoeia test, bulk density of spray-dried T. serpyllum extracts was ranked by significance in the following order: heatassisted extraction>ultrasound bath and ultrasound probe>maceration. Relatively high solubility of spray-dried extracts has been found in the following order: maceration>ultrasound bath and ultrasound probe>heat-assisted extraction. Spray-dried T. serpyllum extract prepared using maceration represents a powder with satisfying physicochemical properties, as well as a good source of substances with significant antioxidant activity, particularly in emulsions, which enable its use in functional food and pharmaceutical products

Ultrasound Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from Thymus serpyllum

Aromatic plant species of family Lamiaceae are important medicinal plants because of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, expectorant, stimulant and diuretic properties. In this study T. serpyllum herba was evaluated as a source of polyphenolic compounds, which are extracted by the application of ultrasound probe instead of the traditional solvent extraction. Ultrasound extraction has become a good alternative extraction method when compared to classical methods due to its high efficiency, low energy and solvent consumption. Ultrasound assisted extraction is a well established method in the processing of plant material, particularly to extract bioactive substances such as polyphenols. Optimization of the extraction was carried out through varying degrees of fragmentation (0.3, 0.7 and 1.5), time of extraction (3, 7 and 10 minutes) and ratio drugs:solvent (1:10, 1:20 and 1:30) in 30% ethanol as an extraction medium. Extraction efficiency was expressed via total polyphenols content (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method). The highest total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity were recorded in extract with a degree of fragmentation of 0.3 and ratio drug:solvent 1:30 after 3 minutes, 23.03 mg/L GA and IC50 3.00 mg/ml, respectively. The lowest total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity were obtained in extract with a degree of fragmentation of 1.5 and ratio drug:solvent 1:10 (12.06 mg/L GA and IC50 4.78 mg/ml, respectively). This study found that both total polyphenols and antioxidant activities determined were significantly affected by the degree of fragmentation and ratio drugs:solvent. Also, the levels of total soluble phenolic compounds were positively correlated with free radical scavenging activities against DPPH radicals

Sorbus aucuparia and Sorbus aria as a Source of Antioxidant Phenolics, Tocopherols, and Pigments.

Due to its nutritive and medicinal properties, berries of some Sorbus species are used for the preparation of jams and jelly as well as in traditional medicine. On the other hand, their chemical composition is not much studied especially of those grown in Balkan Peninsula. We have analyzed individual phenolics, tocopherols, carotenoids and chlorophylls using HPLC in berries from Sorbus aucuparia and Sorbus aria collected in different localities in Serbia and Montenegro together with the amounts of total phenolics and proanthocyanidins as well as their radical scavenging activity against DPPH radical. Berries of S. aucuparia were richer source of polyphenolics in comparision with S. aria and, regardless the species and locality, caffeoylquinic acids such as neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acid were the most abundant compounds. Among analyzed tocopherols the most abundant in all samples was α-tocopherol (0.48 - 19.85 μg/g dw) as it was β-carotene among carotenoids (mean concentration of 0.98 μg/g dw in S. aucuparia and 0.40 μg/g dw in S. aria, respectively). Correlation between total phenolics and DPPH radical scavenging activity was noticed. Our study represents comprehensive report on chemical composition of S. aucuparia and S. aria which could contribute to a better understanding of their quality.Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2017, 14, 12, e170032