A study on prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in South India

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries like India. Maternal and fetal outcomes are poor in pregnant patients with anemia. The most important cause of anemia is iron deficiency anemia which can be prevented by early oral iron supplementation.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of our tertiary care teaching institution for a period of one year. 1290 pregnant women coming to the antenatal OPD were screened for anemia and 490 women. Patients who were not anemic were excluded. 800 patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient was interviewed using a structured interview schedule and the data obtained was analyzed.Results: The percentage of anemia in pregnant women was 62% in our study of which 40% were mildly anemic, 55% were moderately anemic and 5% were severely anemic. Maximum number of anemic women -mild, moderate and severe was seen in the age group 20-24 years. Mild and severe anemia was seen more in the secondary educated women. Maximum percentage of anemia was seen in the lower socio-economic status followed by middle and was lowest in the higher socio-economic status group. Prevalence of anemia was almost equal in primigravida and multigravidas (around 50%) but 80% of severely anemic patients were multigravida. Almost 68% took iron and folic acid tablets regularly.Conclusions: Treating anemia in pregnant women will go a long way in improving maternal and fetal outcome. Hence a future healthy younger generation can be produced. Iron tablets can be distributed at school to young girls to prevent anemia in future women

Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review

Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine abnormalities in women. It affects both reproductive life and overall health of the women including metabolic abnormalities. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in those with metabolic variations to prevent them from the long-term complications like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. The objective of this article is to review the association between PCOS and metabolic syndrome

Clinical pattern and presentation of abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a very common debilitating gynecological condition among women of the reproductive age group. This diagnosis is given to women in whom no clear etiology is identified. It can occur in ovulatory and anovulatory cycle. It influences the physical, emotional, sexual and professional life of a woman. This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical profile of abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 350 patients who were clinically diagnosed with AUB for a period of one year from April 2018 to March 2019. Patients with uterine polyp, adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, malignancies and with various coagulopathies were excluded from the study by physical examination, ultrasound, histopathology and blood test. The remaining 280 patients between the ages 20-60 years were selected for clinical classification of AUB.Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group of 41-50 years (60%). AUB is most commonly seen in multiparous women (48.92%). The prominent bleeding pattern seen was menorrhagia (52.2%).Conclusions: Menorrhagia is the most common form of AUB and there is a need to prevent the consequences of menorrhagia by way of creating awareness among the women, and by early diagnosis and clinical management of complications

Spatial Aspects of Multi-Sensor Data Fusion: Aerosol Optical Thickness

The Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) investigated the applicability and limitations of combining multi-sensor data through data fusion, to increase the usefulness of the multitude of NASA remote sensing data sets, and as part of a larger effort to integrate this capability in the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni). This initial study focused on merging daily mean Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), as measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites, to increase spatial coverage and produce complete fields to facilitate comparison with models and station data. The fusion algorithm used the maximum likelihood technique to merge the pixel values where available. The algorithm was applied to two regional AOT subsets (with mostly regular and irregular gaps, respectively) and a set of AOT fields that differed only in the size and location of artificially created gaps. The Cumulative Semivariogram (CSV) was found to be sensitive to the spatial distribution of gap areas and, thus, useful for assessing the sensitivity of the fused data to spatial gaps

Effect of the Intrinsic Width on the Piezoelectric Force Microscopy of a Single Ferroelectric Domain Wall

Intrinsic domain wall width is a fundamental parameter that reflects bulk ferroelectric properties and governs the performance of ferroelectric memory devices. We present closed-form analytical expressions for vertical and lateral piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) profiles for the conical and disc models of the tip, beyond point charge and sphere approximations. The analysis takes into account the finite intrinsic width of the domain wall, and dielectric anisotropy of the material. These analytical expressions provide insight into the mechanisms of PFM image formation and can be used for quantitative analysis of the PFM domain wall profiles. PFM profile of a realistic domain wall is shown to be the convolution of its intrinsic profile and resolution function of PFM.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, 3 Appendices, To be submitted to J. Appl. Phy

Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanomaterials

Development of synthesis protocols for realising nanomaterials over a range of sizes, shapes,and chemical compositions is an important aspect of nanotechnology. The remarkable size-dependent physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles have fascinated and inspired researchactivity in this direction. This paper describes some aspects on synthesis and characterisationof nanoparticles of metals, metal alloys, and oxides, either in the form of thin films or bulk shapes.A brief discussion on processing of two-phase nanocomposite magnets is also presented.Defence Science Journal, 2008, 58(4), pp.504-516, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.167

On The Negative Pell Equation

The negative pell equation represented by the binary quadratic equationnbspnbsp is analyzed for its non-zero distinct integer solutions. A few interesting relations among the solutions are presented. Employing the solutions of the equation under consideration, the integer solutions for a few choices of hyperbola and parabola are obtained