Dispersion or Concentration for the 1.5 Generation?: Destination Choices of the Children of Immigrants in the U.S.

This paper examines determinants of destination choice for foreign-born and 1.5 generation adult children of immigrants in the U.S. An immigrant concentration- weighted accessibility parameter is included to assess the spatial structure of destination choice. A comparative origin-destination immigrant-native wage gap measure is also a strong determinant of destination choice, indicating the importance of relative labor market position. Although spatial assimilation perspectives would suggest that intergenerational social mobility should be connected with spatial dispersion, these models reveal the continuing importance of immigrant concentration for the 1.5 generation. Further, the increased model strength and parameter estimates associated with immigrant concentration and the accessibility measure suggest the spatial structure of destination choice depends on immigrant concentration at multiple scales – both to metro areas and to immigrant states or regions. The paper thus presents evidence for and suggests more attention to theorizing the geographic contexts of intergenerational immigrant incorporation

White and Non-White Migration between Area Groups in England and Wales

In this paper, we explore internal migration in England and Wales by broad groups of ethnicity, education and employment status from 1991 to 2004. The aim is to identify key differences in the patterns and trends over time so that a better understanding of the processes can take place. Our analyses focus on migration between twelve area groups defined by the Office for National Statistics, which are comprised of Local Authority Districts and include such areas as London Cosmopolitan, London Suburbs, Coastal and Countryside and Industrial Hinterlands. By analysing the migration flows between these area groupings, we can focus our attention on the types of destinations various migrant groups choose given particular origin types. The data come from the 2001 Census and the National Health Service Central Register from 1991 to 2004. Strong stability over time is demonstrated in the aggregate patterns of origin-destination-specific flows. However, when disaggregated by region, ethnicity, education and employment, very different patterns emerge which gives some useful insights into the redistribution of England and Wales' ethnic populations and compositions

Invisible Poles and their integration into Polish society: changing identities of UK second-generation migrants in the Brexit era

The article discusses what happens when a ‘critical event’ exposes a migrant population to public view, leading them to reflect on their multiple identities and loyalties. Its focus is on twenty-first century Europe, where societies spread across international borders, offering opportunities for individuals to identify with two or more, and attempt to integrate sufficiently for their own purposes within each. Our case study is British-born Poles; the critical events are the post-2004 wave of Polish migration and the 2016 Brexit referendum. Based on interviews with 28 British-born individuals who felt they had emerged from ‘invisibility’ and become increasingly Polish, we seek to explain their integration trajectories into new Polish society in the UK and society in Poland. These integration experiences are shaped by the complex intersection of generation, wave, community, and historical and geographical setting. Existing research tends to focus on tensions between the post-1945 and post-2004 waves. We show how tensions can occur. However, we also point to instances of successful integration, where British-born Poles update their linguistic and cultural knowledge, form social relations with the new arrivals, and perhaps most importantly, experience life in Poland more intensely than was possible before 2004

Lithogeochemistry, petrology, and the acid-generating potential of the Goldenville and Halifax groups and associated granitoid rocks in the metropolitan Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada

Detailed geological mapping of the Goldenville and Halifax groups in metropolitan Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, resulted in two-fold subdivision of both groups. The Goldenville Group was divided into the metasand-stone (feldspathic wacke)-dominated Taylors Head formation and the overlying, metasiltstone-dominated, Mn-rich Beaverbank formation. The Halifax Group was divided into the Cunard formation, dominated by sulphide-rich slate, and the overlying Bluestone formation, consisting of mainly metasiltstone and metasandstone. Lithogeochemical and petrological studies resulted in the characterization of the Beaverbank, Cunard, and Bluestone formations as potential acid-producing units with pyrrhotite as the main iron-sulphide mineral. The presence of acid rock drainage (ARD) is governed by bulk-rock chemical composition and mineral assemblage. To test the predictability of ARD production, a portable XRF instrument was used to obtain relatively inexpensive whole-rock and sulphur data that were used in conjunction with conventional XRF analyses and acid-base accounting tests. Results from the three methods compare favourably. Use of the portable XRF instrument facilitates a timely and cost-effective approach to predicting ARD but does not replace the legally mandated acid-base accounting procedure. RÉSUMÉ Une cartographie géologique détaillée des groupes de Goldenville et de Halifax dans la municipalité régionale de Halifax, en Nouvelle-Écosse, a donné lieu à deux divisions de ces deux groupes. Pour ce qui est du groupe de Gold-enville, les deux formations suivantes ont été établies: la Formation de Taylors Head, composée principalement de métagrès (wacke feldspathique) et la Formation de Beaverbank sus‑jacente, composée principalement de métasiltite riche en Mn. En ce qui concerne le groupe de Halifax, les deux formations que voici ont été identifiées: la Formation de Cunard, composée principalement d’ardoise riche en sulfures, et la Formation de Bluestone sus‑jacente, composée surtout de métasiltite et de métagrès. Les études lithogéochimiques et pétrologiques ont permis d’établir que les Formations de Beaverbank, de Cunard et de Bluestone étaient susceptibles d’agir comme précurseurs acides, la pyrrhotite étant le principal minéral à sulfure de fer présent. La présence d’un drainage rocheux acide (DRA) est régie par la composition chimique de la roche brute et l’association minérale. Pour vérifier la possibilité d’un DRA, de concert avec des analyses traditionnelles à fluorescence X et de bilan acide-base, un appareil portatif à fluorescence X a été utilisé pour recueillir de manière relativement économique des données sur la roche brute et les sulfures. Les résultats obtenus par les trois méthodes se comparent bien. L’utilisation d’un appareil à fluorescence X portatif permet de prédire de manière économique et rapidement la possibilité du DRA, mais cette technique ne saurait se substituer à l’analyse du bilan acide-base prévue par la réglementation

Lost in translation? Theory, policy and practice in systems-based environmental approaches to obesity prevention in the Healthy Towns programme in England.

This paper explores how system-wide approaches to obesity prevention were 'theorised' and translated into practice in the 'Healthy Towns' programme implemented in nine areas in England. Semi-structured interviews with 20 informants, purposively selected to represent national and local programme development, management and delivery were undertaken. Results suggest that informants articulated a theoretical understanding of a system-wide approach to obesity prevention, but simplifying this complex task in the context of uncertainty over programme aims and objectives, and absence of a clear direction from the central government, resulted in local programmes relying on traditional multi-component approaches to programme delivery. The development of clear, practical guidance on implementation should form a central part of future system-wide approaches to obesity prevention

Tools and Strategies for Documenting Educational Connection with Diverse Audiences

How does an educator ensure that an audience is receiving an intended message? Further complicating this matter, what happens if the audience members\u27 primary language differs from that of the presenter and the use of an interpreter is not feasible? We explore these questions through a case study based on our experience as three Extension professionals from the U.S. mainland who led a 2-day training of Extension/4-H professionals from the greater Micronesia area in the western Pacific Ocean. The instrument and educational concepts we describe could be valuable tools as Extension educators work with audiences having diverse backgrounds and languages

Eating disorder examination questionnaire : factor structure for adolescent girls and boys

Objective: To examine the factor structure of the EDE-Q among a sample of adolescents. Method: A community-based sample of 917 adolescents (522 girls and 395 boys) aged 14-18 years completed the EDE-Q version 6.0 as part of a larger study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two subsamples to enable separate analyses. Results: A confirmatory factor analysis on the original four factor model of the EDE-Q produced an inadmissible model with a poor fit. Exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring produced an alternative three factor model of the EDE-Q among adolescents. The Shape and Weight Concerns, Restriction and Preoccupation and Eating Concern subscales accounted for 65% of the total variance. Subscale and global scores were significantly higher for girls than for boys. A high proportion of both girls (53.6%) and boys (30.5%) reported participating in at least one key eating disordered behaviour during the previous 28 days. Discussion: The results of this study present three new subscales (Shape and Weight Concerns, Restriction and Preoccupation and Eating Concern) which are suggested for use in future research which uses the EDE-Q with community samples of adolescents

“Go West, Young Woman?”: The Geography of the Gender Wage Gap through the Great Recession

Despite headline-grabbing accounts of the mancession and childless metropolitan-dwelling women who earn more than men, the gender wage gap remains persistent. However, the spatiality of the gender wage gap has received little attention. I ask whether, where, and how the gender wage gap changed with the Great Recession. Using American Community Survey pooled surveys for 2005-2007 and 2011-2013, I model counterfactual wage distributions for full-time male and female workers in the top one hundred metro areas of the United States, controlling for education, age, experience, and occupation. Gender inequality is polarizing spatially and across the wage distribution, and the recession exacerbates this pattern. Gender gaps decline most in the Rustbelt, but show relative increases in many Western metro areas. Further, declines are mostly among below-median earning workers, whereas increases are likely at the seventy-fifth or ninetieth percentiles. Disproportionate returns to men's characteristics explain much of these geographic and distributional shifts. The combination of geographic and distributional analysis reveals a more thorough picture of how gender inequality shifted with the recession, since previous patterns of uneven development under economic restructuring are still evident. The analysis also signposts regions of emerging gender inequality where relative equality is often presumed, suggesting critical research directions for feminist and economic geographers

Invisible Poles: A Book of Interview Extracts

The ‘Invisible Poles’ project looked at how British-born people of Polish descent have experienced the recent increase in the Polish population of the UK, as well as easier access to Poland since Poland joined the EU in 2004. The twenty-eight interviewees came forward because they had stories to tell about becoming more ‘visibly’ Polish – visible to Polish-born Poles in the UK and Poland, but also to their families and friends. Their stories are gathered together in Invisible Poles: a Book of Interview Extracts, an open access book which can be downloaded here