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Loneliness and life satisfaction amongst three cultural groups
Abstract
Studies into loneliness and life satisfaction have rarely assessed the role of culture in moderating the
relationship between these variables. The present study examined the relationship between loneliness and life
satisfaction using data from three nonstudent samples collected from Italian, Anglo-Canadian and
Chinese-Canadian populations. A total of 206 respondents completed the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale
(Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona, 1980) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin,
1985). Two contrasting hypotheses were compared: one, a “postmodern” hypothesis, predicting that the
relationship between life satisfaction and loneliness would be stronger in our individualist sample of
Anglo-Canadians, and a second, “relational” hypothesis predicting this association to be strongest in our
collectivist, Chinese-Canadian sample. Our findings demonstrated that culture has a small but significant
impact on the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction, and, consistent with the relational
hypothesis, the relationship between the two concepts was strongest among our Chinese-Canadian
respondents and weakest among our Anglo-Canadian participants This finding is discussed in the context
of the strong expectations of social cohesion in collectivist societies
Addressable time division multiplexer system /cable and connector study/ Final report
Reliability studies of single interrogation and single data cables used in prototype addressable time division multiplexer syste
Contextualising the Research Process: Using Interviewer Notes in the Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data
In this paper we argue that for the secondary analysis of qualitative data to be effective, researchers need to subject any accompanying interviewer notes to the secondary analysis process. The secondary analysis of interviewer notes can provide important insight into the research process and the attitudes, experiences, and expectations of those collecting the data. Such information is essential if meaningful analyses are to be offered. Using interviewer notes from a little known research project on youth transitions form the 1960s, this paper explores how the interviewers’ experiences of the research process and their perceptions are documented in the interviewer notes
Real-Time Data Processing in the Muon System of the D0 Detector
This paper presents a real-time application of the 16-bit fixed point Digital
Signal Processors (DSPs), in the Muon System of the D0 detector located at the
Fermilab Tevatron, presently the world's highest-energy hadron collider. As
part of the Upgrade for a run beginning in the year 2000, the system is
required to process data at an input event rate of 10 KHz without incurring
significant deadtime in readout. The ADSP21csp01 processor has high I/O
bandwidth, single cycle instruction execution and fast task switching support
to provide efficient multisignal processing. The processor's internal memory
consists of 4K words of Program Memory and 4K words of Data Memory. In addition
there is an external memory of 32K words for general event buffering and 16K
words of Dual Port Memory for input data queuing. This DSP fulfills the
requirement of the Muon subdetector systems for data readout. All error
handling, buffering, formatting and transferring of the data to the various
trigger levels of the data acquisition system is done in software. The
algorithms developed for the system complete these tasks in about 20
microseconds per event.Comment: 4 pages, Presented and published at the 11th IEEE NPSS Real Time
Conference, held at Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, from June 14-18, 199
Open questions in the study of population III star formation
The first stars were key drivers of early cosmic evolution. We review the
main physical elements of the current consensus view, positing that the first
stars were predominantly very massive. We continue with a discussion of
important open questions that confront the standard model. Among them are
uncertainties in the atomic and molecular physics of the hydrogen and helium
gas, the multiplicity of stars that form in minihalos, and the possible
existence of two separate modes of metal-free star formation.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the conference proceedings for IAU
Symposium 255: Low-Metallicity Star Formation: From the First Stars to Dwarf
Galaxie
Statistical comparison of clouds and star clusters
The extent to which the projected distribution of stars in a cluster is due
to a large-scale radial gradient, and the extent to which it is due to fractal
sub-structure, can be quantified -- statistically -- using the measure . Here is the normalized mean edge length of its
minimum spanning tree (i.e. the shortest network of edges connecting all stars
in the cluster) and is the correlation length (i.e. the normalized
mean separation between all pairs of stars).
We show how can be indirectly applied to grey-scale images by
decomposing the image into a distribution of points from which and
can be calculated. This provides a powerful technique for comparing
the distribution of dense gas in a molecular cloud with the distribution of the
stars that condense out of it. We illustrate the application of this technique
by comparing values from simulated clouds and star clusters.Comment: Accepted 2010 October 27. Received 2010 October 25; in original form
2010 September 13 The paper contains 7 figures and 2 table
Implementation Strategies for Interventions Aiming to Increase Participation in Mail-Out Bowel Cancer Screening Programs: A Realist Review.
Background: Bowel cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with 1,849,518 new cases of bowel diagnosed and 880,792 deaths reported globally in 2018 alone. Survival can be improved through early detection via national mail-out bowel cancer screening programs; however, participation remains low in many countries. Behavior change is therefore required to increase participation. This realist review aims to (a) identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in each intervention, (b) understand the mechanisms of action (MoAs) responsible for the BCT effectiveness, and (c) apply a behavior change model to inform how MoAs can be combined to increase screening participation. Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature for interventions aiming to increase participation in mail-out bowel cancer screening. We used a four-stage realist synthesis approach whereby (1) interventions were extracted from each study; (2) BCTs applied in each intervention were identified and coded using the BCT Taxonomy-v1; (3) the Theory and Techniques Tool was used to link BCTs to their MoA; and (4) BCTs and MoAs were categorized according to their effectiveness and what Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) stage of change they would affect. Results: We identified 68 intervention trials using 26 unique BCTs and 13 MoAs to increase participation. Sixteen BCTs and 10 MoAs were identified within the interventions that successfully increased participation rates. Interventions targeting both stages of the HAPA model had a higher success rate (80%) than those targeting one stage of change (51%). When targeting only one stage, interventions targeting the volitional stage had a higher success rate (71%) than interventions targeting only the motivational stage of change (26%). Conclusion: Importantly, this review identified a suite of BCTs and MoAs effective for increasing participation in mail-out bowel cancer screening programs. With increased participation in bowel cancer screening leading to improved survival, our findings are key to informing the improvement of policy and interventions that aim to increase screening using specific strategies at key stages of health decision-making
Investigation of Local Heat-transfer and Pressure Drag Characteristics of a Yawed Circular Cylinder at Supersonic Speeds
Local heat-transfer coefficients, temperature recovery factors, and pressure distributions were measured on the front side of a circular cylinder at a nominal Mach number of 3.9 over a range of free-stream Reynolds numbers from 2.1 x 10 to the 3rd power to 6.7 x 10 to the 3rd power and yaw angles from zero degrees to 44 degrees. Yawing the cylinder reduced the heat-transfer coefficients and the pressure drag coefficients. The amount of reduction may be predicted by a theory presented herein
Heat Transfer to Bodies in a High-speed Rarified-Gas Stream
Report presents the results of an investigation to determine the equilibrium temperature and heat-transfer coefficients for transverse cylinders in a high-speed stream of rarefied gas measured over a range of Knudsen numbers (ratio of molecular-mean-free path to cylinder diameter) from 0.025 to 11.8 and for Mach numbers from 2.0 to 3.3. The range of free-stream Reynolds numbers was from 0.28 to 203. The models tested were 0.0010-, 0.0050-, 0.030-, 0.051-, 0.080-, and 0.126-inch -diameter cylinders held normal to the stream
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