428 research outputs found
Psychosocial functioning in adolescents with and without borderline personality disorder.
Little is known about the psychosocial functioning of adolescents with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The main objective of this paper is to compare the psychosocial functioning of a group of adolescents with BPD to a group of psychiatrically healthy adolescents.
The present cross-sectional study included 104 adolescent inpatients with BPD, compared with 60 age-matched psychiatrically healthy comparison subjects. All participants were rigorously diagnosed using three semi-structured interviews: the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Childhood Diagnoses, the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and the Childhood Interview for DSM-IV Borderline Personality. All subjects were also interviewed using the adolescent version of the Background Information Schedule to assess multiple facets of psychosocial functioning.
Adolescents with BPD rated their relationships with their parents as significantly less positive, were more likely to date, but spent more time alone than their healthy counterparts. In addition, adolescents with BPD reported significantly more problems at work and school (i.e. lower frequency of having a good work or school history, higher frequency of being suspended or expelled from school) and significantly lower rates of participation in extra-curricular activities than their healthy counterparts.
Taken together, the results of this study suggest that adolescents with BPD are more impaired in both the social and vocational areas of functioning than psychiatrically healthy comparison subjects. They might also suggest that an overlooked area of strength concerns their relationships with peers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Weight suppression and weight elevation are associated with eating disorder symptomatology in women age 50 and older: Results of the gender and body image study
Objective: Weight suppression (WS), the difference between highest past non-pregnancy weight and current weight, predicts negative outcomes in eating disorders, but the impact of WS and related weight constructs are understudied in nonclinical, midlife populations. We examined WS (current weight < highest weight) and weight elevation (WE), the opposite of WS (current weight > lowest weight) and their associations with eating psychopathology in women aged 50+. Method: Participants were a community-based sample (N = 1,776, M age = 59) who completed demographic and eating psychopathology questions via online survey. WS, WE, and WS × WE were tested as predictors of outcome variables; BMI and medical conditions that affect weight were controlled for. Results: Individuals that were higher on WS and WE were most likely to engage in current weight loss attempts, dieting in the past 5 years, and extreme lifetime restriction. Individuals with higher WS were more likely to experience binge eating, greater frequency of weight checking, overvaluation of shape and weight, and lifetime fasting. Individuals with higher WE were more likely to report negative life impacts of eating and dieting. Higher WS and WE each predicted higher levels of skipping meals over the lifetime. Discussion: This novel study investigated WS in midlife women and introduced a new conceptualization of weight change (WE) that may be more relevant for aging populations given that women tend to gain weight with age. The findings implicate the utility of investigating both WS and WE as factors associated with eating psychopathology in midlife women
Sweet taste preference in binge-eating disorder: A preliminary investigation
Research suggests that individuals with high liking for sweets are at increased risk for binge eating, which has been minimally investigated in individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED). Forty-one adults (85% female, 83% white) with binge eating concerns completed a sweet taste test and measures of eating disorder behaviors and food cravings. A subset of participants with BED completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; N = 21) and a 24-hour dietary recall (N = 26). Regression models were used to compare highest sweet preferers (HSP [N = 18]) to other sweet preferers (OSP [N = 23]) and were used to assess associations between sweet taste preference and outcome variables. Effect sizes (ηp2) for differences between HSP and OSP ranged from small (≤ 0.01) to large (≥ 0.24); group differences were statistically nonsignificant except for 24-hour caloric intake (ηp2 = 0.16, p = 0.04), protein intake (ηp2 = 0.16, p = 0.04), and insulin sensitivity index (ηp2 = 0.24, p = 0.04), which were higher in HSP, and postprandial insulin, which was smaller in HSP (ηp2 = 0.27, p = 0.03). Continuous analyses replicated postprandial insulin response. Compared with OSP, HSP reported numerically higher binge-eating frequency (ηp2 = 0.04), over-eating frequency (ηp2 = 0.06), and carbohydrate intake (ηp2 = 0.14), and they exhibited numerically smaller postprandial glucose AUC (ηp2 = 0.16). Sweet taste preference may have implications for glucose regulation, binge-eating frequency, and nutrient intake in BED
Coupled-mode equations and gap solitons in a two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic problem with a separable periodic potential
We address a two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic problem with a
finite-amplitude periodic potential. For a class of separable symmetric
potentials, we study the bifurcation of the first band gap in the spectrum of
the linear Schr\"{o}dinger operator and the relevant coupled-mode equations to
describe this bifurcation. The coupled-mode equations are derived by the
rigorous analysis based on the Fourier--Bloch decomposition and the Implicit
Function Theorem in the space of bounded continuous functions vanishing at
infinity. Persistence of reversible localized solutions, called gap solitons,
beyond the coupled-mode equations is proved under a non-degeneracy assumption
on the kernel of the linearization operator. Various branches of reversible
localized solutions are classified numerically in the framework of the
coupled-mode equations and convergence of the approximation error is verified.
Error estimates on the time-dependent solutions of the Gross--Pitaevskii
equation and the coupled-mode equations are obtained for a finite-time
interval.Comment: 32 pages, 16 figure
Facts, Values and Quanta
Quantum mechanics is a fundamentally probabilistic theory (at least so far as
the empirical predictions are concerned). It follows that, if one wants to
properly understand quantum mechanics, it is essential to clearly understand
the meaning of probability statements. The interpretation of probability has
excited nearly as much philosophical controversy as the interpretation of
quantum mechanics. 20th century physicists have mostly adopted a frequentist
conception. In this paper it is argued that we ought, instead, to adopt a
logical or Bayesian conception. The paper includes a comparison of the orthodox
and Bayesian theories of statistical inference. It concludes with a few remarks
concerning the implications for the concept of physical reality.Comment: 30 pages, AMS Late
Interaction of N solitons in the massive Thirring model and optical gap system: the Complex Toda Chain Model
Using the Karpman-Solov''ev quasiparticle approach for soliton-soliton
interaction I show that the train propagation of N well separated solitons of
the massive Thirring model is described by the complex Toda chain with N nodes.
For the optical gap system a generalised (non-integrable) complex Toda chain is
derived for description of the train propagation of well separated gap
solitons. These results are in favor of the recently proposed conjecture of
universality of the complex Toda chain.Comment: RevTex, 23 pages, no figures. Submitted to Physical Review
Fundamental constants and tests of general relativity - Theoretical and cosmological considerations
The tests of the constancy of the fundamental constants are tests of the
local position invariance and thus of the equivalence principle. We summarize
the various constraints that have been obtained and then describe the
connection between varying constants and extensions of general relativity. To
finish, we discuss the link with cosmology, and more particularly with the
acceleration of the Universe. We take the opportunity to summarize various
possibilities to test general relativity (but also the Copernican principle) on
cosmological scales.Comment: Proceedings of the workshop ``The nature of gravity, confronting
theory and experiment in space'', ISSI, Bern, october 200
Bounding Helly numbers via Betti numbers
We show that very weak topological assumptions are enough to ensure the
existence of a Helly-type theorem. More precisely, we show that for any
non-negative integers and there exists an integer such that
the following holds. If is a finite family of subsets of such that for any
and every
then has Helly number at most . Here
denotes the reduced -Betti numbers (with singular homology). These
topological conditions are sharp: not controlling any of these first Betti numbers allow for families with unbounded Helly number.
Our proofs combine homological non-embeddability results with a Ramsey-based
approach to build, given an arbitrary simplicial complex , some well-behaved
chain map .Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure
Milagrito: a TeV air-shower array
Milagrito, a large, covered water-Cherenkov detector, was the world's first
air-shower-particle detector sensitive to cosmic gamma rays below 1 TeV. It
served as a prototype for the Milagro detector and operated from February 1997
to May 1998. This paper gives a description of Milagrito, a summary of the
operating experience, and early results that demonstrate the capabilities of
this technique.Comment: 38 pages including 24 figure
First-principles electronic structure calculations of Ba5Si2N6 with anomalous Si2N6 dimeric units
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