Simulación del accidente de SGTR en un PWR-W con TRACE para distintas metodologías de análisis determinista de seguridad

A Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR) in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) can lead to an atmospheric release bypassing the containment via the secondary system and exiting though the Pressurized Operating Relief Valves of the affected Steam Generator. That is why SGTR historically have been treated in a special way in the different Deterministic Safety Analysis (DSA), focusing on the radioactive release more than the possibility of core damage, as it is done in the other Loss of Coolant Accidents(LOCAs)

Caracterización de tipologías urbanas a escala de barrio como parámetro energético. Caso de estudio: Castellón de la Plana

According to the World Organization Prospects 2014 Revision (United Nations), the population in European cities has reached 73%, and 80% is forecast in forthcoming decades. Therefore, urban areas are large consumers of resources. Integrated Urban Regeneration (IUR) is implementing strategies to achieve a smart, sustainable and socially inclusive (Declaration of Toledo, 2010) urban development since the challenge is greater in existing urban environments, where it is not possible to act in the design phases. Therefore, an analysis of the characteristics of urban planning and building types that make up a city and its neighbourhoods is required to identify those typologies with energy vulnerability prior to implementing IUR. This paper focuses on the energy factor as one of the items to consider in IUR. This will be useful in the decision making that determines which urban areas require more urgent intervention. The urban morphology of a Mediterranean medium-sized city is characterized herein: Castellón de Plana (180,690 inhabitants, according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) 2010). Firstly, this city’s historical urban development is analysed to determine different urban areas. Then existing building types are identified. Finally, these types are associated with the urban design and the results are represented by a Geographic Information System (GIS). The study results provide a number of urban morphology types with different layouts which represent the Mediterranean city, as well as the building typologies represented in each urban typology. Each presented set is likely to have different energy performance, and the findings can be extrapolated to other Mediterranean cities with similar characteristics to the city studied herein. The collected information will be useful for further research to analyse the energy performance of the existing building stock in the city by taking into account the building type integrated into a consolidated urban designDe acuerdo al informe World Organization Prospects 2014 Revision, de las Naciones Unidas, la población de las ciudades en Europa alcanza el 73% del total, con una previsión del 80% en las próximas décadas. Como consecuencia, las áreas urbanas suponen un elevado consumo de recursos. La Regeneración Urbana Integrada (RUI) trata de aplicar estrategias para conseguir un desarrollo urbano más inteligente, sostenible y socialmente inclusivo (Declaración de Toledo), pues el reto es mayor cuando tratamos entornos urbanos existentes en los que no es posible actuar en las fases de diseño. Se hace, por tanto, necesario un análisis exhaustivo de las particularidades del urbanismo y de las tipologías edificatorias que conforman la ciudad y sus barrios, con el objeto de identificar aquellas tipologías con vulnerabilidad energética, previamente a implementar la RUI. Este trabajo se centrará en el aspecto energético, como uno de los ítems integrantes de la Regeneración Urbana, y servirá de ayuda en la toma de decisiones cuando sea necesario conocer qué áreas urbanas requieren con mayor urgencia una intervención. En el estudio se caracteriza la morfología urbana de una ciudad mediterránea de tamaño medio, como es Castellón de Plana (180.690 habitantes, de acuerdo a datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 2010). Para ello, en una primera parte, se analiza y describe brevemente el desarrollo urbano de la ciudad para delimitar zonas con diferente entramado urbano. A continuación se identifican las tipologías edificatorias existentes. Posteriormente, dichas tipologías se asocian a la trama urbana, a través de un Sistema de Información Geográfica. Los resultados del trabajo presentan un conjunto de tipologías de morfología urbana con diferente trazado, representativas de la ciudad mediterránea, y las tipologías edificatorias que aglutina cada una las tipologías urbanas. Cada uno de los conjuntos presentados es susceptible de tener un comportamiento energético diferente, y las conclusiones podrán ser extrapolables a otras ciudades mediterráneas con características similares al municipio estudiado. La información recopilada supondrá un primer paso para analizar en el futuro, el comportamiento energético del parque edificatorio de la ciudad, teniendo en cuenta la tipología edificatoria integrada en una trama urbana consolidada

Análisis no destructivo de obras de arte con espectroscopia Raman

Peer Reviewe

Optimization and validation of a new microbial inhibition test for the detection of antimicrobial residues in living animals intended for human consumption

Even though antibiotics are necessary in livestock production, they can be harmful not only due to their toxicity, but also in view of their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Screening tests based on microbial growth inhibition appeared to be useful tools to prevent its entry into the food chain. They have nevertheless been traditionally carried out post mortem, leading to great economical loss and harm to the environment in case a positive sample is found. Hence, the objective was to evaluate the use of a screening test as an ante mortem alternative for the detection of antibiotic residues in meat: thus, Explorer®-Blood test was optimized and validated. After adapting the procedure for matrix preparation, the assay parameters were assessed from 344 antibiotic-free blood serum samples. Limits of Detection (LoDs) were defined by spiking blood serum with several of the most common antimicrobials used in veterinary practice. LoDs were similar to those obtained for meat and were at or below the maximum residue limits set by EU legislation for muscle. Analyses of in vivo injected samples, previously characterized by LC-MS/MS, demonstrated the method’s accuracy and proved that Explorer®-Blood can be considered a suitable alternative to conventional post mortem screening methods

Lack of detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in mild and severe respiratory infections in Catalonia, northeastern Spain

AbstractSurveillance of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was conducted to explore the possible introduction and circulation of this novel virus in Catalonia, northeastern Spain. Five hundred and sixty-three samples from mild and severe respiratory infections collected between January 2012 and April 2013 were screened using real-time RT-PCR. All samples were negative, suggesting that MERS-CoV is not circulating silently in Catalonia

Re-evaluation of the role of Indian germplasm as center of melon diversification based on genotyping-by-sequencing analysis

[EN] BackgroundThe importance of Indian germplasm as origin and primary center of diversity of cultivated melon is widely accepted. Genetic diversity of several collections from Indian has been studied previously, although an integrated analysis of these collections in a global diversity perspective has not been possible. In this study, a sample of Indian collections together with a selection of world-wide cultivars to analyze the genetic diversity structure based on Genotype by Sequence data.ResultsA set of 6158 informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in 175 melon accessions was generated. Melon germplasm could be classified into six major groups, in concordance with horticultural groups. Indian group was in the center of the diversity plot, with the highest genetic diversity. No strict genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated accessions was appreciated in this group. Genomic regions likely involved in the process of diversification were also found. Interestingly, some SNPs differentiating inodorus and cantalupensis groups are linked to Quantitiative Trait Loci involved in ripening behavior (a major characteristic that differentiate those groups). Linkage disequilibrium was found to be low (17kb), with more rapid decay in euchromatic (8kb) than heterochromatic (30kb) regions, demonstrating that recombination events do occur within heterochromatn, although at lower frequency than in euchromatin. Concomitantly, haplotype blocks were relatively small (59kb). Some of those haplotype blocks were found fixed in different melon groups, being therefore candidate regions that are involved in the diversification of melon cultivars.ConclusionsThe results support the hypothesis that India is the primary center of diversity of melon, Occidental and Far-East cultivars have been developed by divergent selection. Indian germplasm is genetically distinct from African germplasm, supporting independent domestication events. The current set of traditional Indian accessions may be considered as a population rather than a standard collection of fixed landraces with high intercrossing between cultivated and wild melons.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)-FEDER grant AGL2015-64625-C2-R to AJM (project conception, experiments, data acquisition and analysis, manuscript writing, publication costs), AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R and the PROMETEO/2017/078 grant funded by Generalitat Valenciana (Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport) to BP (project conception, provide samples and manuscript drafting). AD was supported by a Jae-Doc contract from CSIC (experiments and manuscript drafting).Gonzalo, M.; Díaz Bermúdez, A.; Dhillon, NPS.; Reddy, UK.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ. (2019). Re-evaluation of the role of Indian germplasm as center of melon diversification based on genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. 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Análisis de la influencia de variables relacionadas con el contexto urbano y el edificio en el comportamiento energético pasivo del parque edificatorio residencial

Los aspectos que influyen en el comportamiento energético pasivo del parque edificatorio residencial son numerosos. Además de las características del edificio, el urbanismo se considera un aspecto clave. Este trabajo presenta el análisis de la influencia de cinco covariables, a escala de edificio (factor de forma (S/V), año de construcción (A)), y a escala urbana (manzana urbana (MU), proporción de calle (H/W) y orientación (O)), sobre dos variables respuesta que evalúan el comportamiento energético pasivo: la demanda energética de refrigeración (DEr) y calefacción (DEc). Mediante simulación dinámica con EnergyPlus del comportamiento energético de varios edificios de un barrio de Castellón de la Plana (España), se obtiene el valor de las variables respuesta en función de las covariables. Considerando un enfoque bottom-up y mediante un análisis multivariante basado en Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA), se desarrollan en trabajos previos modelos de predicción de las variables respuesta en función de las covariables para el barrio. Del análisis estadístico se concluye que la covariable más significativa es S/V, seguida de A, H/W, MU y O. A pesar de la mayor influencia de los aspectos relacionados con el edificio, también los urbanos adquieren una relevancia notable. A partir de los resultados se establece un conjunto de estrategias de diseño y se plantea una nueva configuración urbana del barrio estudiado. La evaluación del comportamiento energético de la configuración urbana propuesta frente a la actual, supone un ahorro del 57,12% en la demanda energética

Application of a dynamic event tree methodolgy to steam generator tube rupture sequences

The Integrated Safety Assessment (ISA) methodology, developed by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN), has been applied to a thermo-hydraulical analysis of a Westinghouse 3-loop PWR plant by means of the dynamic event trees (DET) for Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR) sequences. The ISA methodology allows obtaining the SGTR Dynamic Event Tree taking into account the operator actuation times. Simulations are performed with SCAIS (Simulation Code system for Integrated Safety Assessment), which includes a dynamic coupling with MAAP thermal hydraulic code. The results show the capability of the ISA methodology and SCAIS platform to obtain the DET of complex sequences

Dynamic Scaling in Diluted Systems Phase Transitions: Deactivation trough Thermal Dilution

Activated scaling is confirmed to hold in transverse field induced phase transitions of randomly diluted Ising systems. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations have been made not just at the percolation threshold but well bellow and above it including the Griffiths-McCoy phase. A novel deactivation phenomena in the Griffiths-McCoy phase is observed using a thermal (in contrast to random) dilution of the system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTe

Antimicrobial residue assessment in 5, 357 commercialized meat samples from the Spain-France cross-border area: A new approach for effective monitoring

Although antimicrobials are valuable allies in animal production, their extended use has led to unexpected threats associated with the emergence and propagation of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, when withdrawal periods in food-producing animals are not observed, antimicrobial residues can access the food chain, causing direct toxicity, allergies, and/or intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in consumers. Given that Spain and France are the largest meat producers in the EU and also count among the top consumers of meat, our study''s aim was to investigate the presence of antimicrobials in commercialized meat purchased in the Spain-France cross-border area (POCTEFA region). 5, 357 meat samples were collected from different animal species and a variety of different retailer types in Spain (Zaragoza, Bilbao, and Logroño) as well as in France (Toulouse and Perpignan). Meat samples were analysed by a screening method (Explorer®+QuinoScan®), yielding 194 positive samples, which were further evaluated by UPLC-QTOF (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight) for confirmation. Chromatographic analyses found antimicrobial residues in 30 samples, although only 5 of them (0.093% of initial samples) were non-compliant according to the current legislation. Further studies suggested that this mismatch between screening and confirmatory analyses might be due to the presence of biologically active metabolites derived from degradation of antimicrobials that were not identified by the targeted UPLC-QTOF method, but which might play a decisive role in the inhibition of the biological Explorer® test. Although chromatographic techniques detect the marker compounds determined by European and national regulations, and although they are the methods selected for official control of antimicrobials in food, certain unknown metabolites might escape their monitoring. This thus suggests that biological tests are the most adequate ones in terms of ideal consumer health protection