Analysis of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness Losses and the Application of Continuous Improvement Techniques to Increase Productivity in Ecolab Leeds

At present customers’ expectations have increased worldwide for practically all businesses. Quality and cost have become a requisite, with customers now expecting companies to offer more flexibility in terms of product mix, or improved speed of deliveries. Ecolab is a company that specialises in producing a range of liquid and cream sanitising products. They have addressed this situation by formulating plans to improve productivity of its two main production lines with an initial target of 3-5% improvement by the end of 2014. For the long-term the company is targeting to achieve results of 75% Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in both of their main production lines Excel and Purdy. As a starting point in achieving this, the present dissertation reviews and investigates the current measurement system of Ecolab to determine its level of accuracy and the possibility of improving such system in order to have more accurate measures. Additionally, it aims identify unaccounted OEE losses in order to suggest improvements based on the Lean literature. The methodology used consisted of observation of the current state, an analysis of the information collected, and recommendations to help improve upon such issues. The results of the conceptual and empirical research pointed out alternative expressions to calculate OEE with potentially more benefits for the company in terms of visibility of the performance. The major issues affecting accuracy of OEE were related to the theoretical cycle time, and issues originated due to manual data collection. Suggestions such as standard-work and training are made to improve, it is also considered the implementation of software packages to automate data collection whose benefits can be highly favourable to the company in the long-term. In the research of unaccounted OEE losses it was found that minor stops are often not considered by operators. However, as they occur frequently their effects on productivity could be high at a long-term; as part of the suggestions to improve this, Lean techniques such as visual factory elements, 5S, and super-market are considered. Finally, an approach to multi skill direct workforce is described as a way to reduce planned time by covering breaks and meetings. Lean is by no means a shortcut to achieve high performance within companies, its success depends having good foundations to then be able to select the methods and tools that better fit for the company needs. Trained people is one of the most common characteristics that most if not all the lean techniques embrace as part of their foundations. Accuracy of performance metric is critical in order to take decisions in the right direction

Osteogenic effects of simvastatin-loaded mesoporous titania thin films

The use of statins in the field of bone regeneration is under current investigation due to the existing demand for non-toxic anabolic agents capable of enhancing bone formation in cases of substantial loss. Simvastatin, a coenzyme currently prescribed in clinics to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, has been proven to promote osteogenic differentiation by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting osteoclasts activity. We present the loading of simvastatin in mesoporous TiO2 thin films toward combining the pro-osteogenic properties of this molecule with the demonstrated bioactivity of titania. TiO2 thin films processing and characterization were carried out, as well as evaluation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts viability when directly incubated with different concentrations of simvastatin, followed by the analysis of osteogenic activity promoted by simvastatin upon loading in the thin films. The accessible porosity of 36% quantified on the 95 ± 5 nm thick mesoporous thin films, together with pore diameters of 5.5 nm, necks between pores of 2.8 nm and interpore distances of 12 ± 2 nm allow the loading of the simvastatin molecule, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Simvastatin was found to promote MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts viability at concentrations ≤0.01 g l−1, with a cytotoxicity threshold of 0.05 g l−1. We additionally found that film loadings with 0.001 g l−1 simvastatin promotes statistically higher MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast proliferation whereas a higher concentration of 0.01 g l−1 leads to statistically higher osteogenic activity (ALP synthesis), after 21 days of incubation, as compared to unloaded films. These results demonstrate the potential of simvastatin local administration based on bioactive mesoporous thin films to promote pro-osteogenic properties. By focusing this strategy on the coating of metallic prostheses, the supply of simvastatin to the target tissue can be favored and risks of systemic side effects will be reduced while enhancing the osteointegration of the implants.Fil: Lopez Alvarez, Miriam. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: López Puente, Vanesa. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Rodriguez Valencia, Cosme. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Angelome, Paula Cecilia. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Constituyentes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Liz Marzan, Luis M. Ikerbasque; EspañaFil: Serra, Julia. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Pastoriza Santos, Isabel. Universidad de Vigo; EspañaFil: Gonzalez, Pio. Universidad de Vigo; Españ

Heterologous Expression of the Phytochelatin Synthase CaPCS2 from Chlamydomonas acidophila and Its Effect on Different Stress Factors in Escherichia coli

Phytochelatins (PCs) are cysteine-rich small peptides, enzymatically synthesized from reduced glutathione (GSH) by cytosolic enzyme phytochelatin synthase (PCS). The open reading frame (ORF) of the phytochelatin synthase CaPCS2 gene from the microalgae Chlamydomonas acidophila was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli strain DH5 alpha, to analyze its role in protection against various abiotic agents that cause cellular stress. The transformed E. coli strain showed increased tolerance to exposure to different heavy metals (HMs) and arsenic (As), as well as to acidic pH and exposure to UVB, salt, or perchlorate. In addition to metal detoxification activity, new functions have also been reported for PCS and PCs. According to the results obtained in this work, the heterologous expression of CaPCS2 in E. coli provides protection against oxidative stress produced by metals and exposure to different ROS-inducing agents. However, the function of this PCS is not related to HM bioaccumulation

Santiago urban dataset SUD: Combination of Handheld and Mobile Laser Scanning point clouds

Santiago Urban Dataset SUD is a real dataset that combines Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) and Handheld Mobile Laser Scanning (HMLS) point clouds. The data is composed by 2 km of streets, sited in Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Point clouds undergo a manual labelling process supported by both heuristic and Deep Learning methods, resulting in the classification of eight specific classes: road, sidewalk, curb, buildings, vehicles, vegetation, poles, and others. Three PointNet++ models were trained; the first one using MLS point clouds, the second one with HMLS point clouds and the third one with both H&MLS point clouds. In order to ascertain the quality and efficacy of each Deep Learning model, various metrics were employed, including confusion matrices, precision, recall, F1-score, and IoU. The results are consistent with other state-of-the-art works and indicate that SUD is valid for comparing point cloud semantic segmentation works. Furthermore, the survey's extensive coverage and the limited occlusions indicate the potential utility of SUD in urban mobility research.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2019-105221RB-C43Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2019-061Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2020/01Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Analytic formulation for 3D diffusion tensor

This work deals with image processing based upon non-linear diffusion PDEs (Partial Differential Equations). Some analytic formulation will be introduced to obtain the 3D diffusion tensor, replacing Jacobi´s numerical methods by expressions based on invariants of the symmetric matrix. Later, CED (Coherence Enhancing Filtering) anisotropic filtering properties will be observed and will be combined with isotropic diffusion, providing a type of filtering that allows combining noise removal and local structure preservation. Last, some applications 3D grey-level will be presented

Solución Semi-analítica 1D para Funciones Uniparamétricas de Realce.

El proceso de realce resulta crucial en el análisis de imágenes. En esta contribución estudiamos el comportamiento numérico de filtros de difusión uniparamétricos que automaticen el estudio de estas imágenes. Para ello se propone la técnica de los tres píxeles que da lugar a una solución semianalítica del proceso de difusión no lineal con una función de difusión uniparamétric

Simplificación Automática de las Imágenes a Partir de Expresiones Semi-Analíticas

Las etapas de simplificación de las imágenes, eliminación del ruido y realce de los bordes, son esenciales para las tareas posteriores de segmentación. Estas técnicas de procesado requieren, normalmente, de la sintonización de sus parámetros de control, situación incompatible con la segmentación automática. Esta ponencia trata de emplear un procesamiento, basado en difusión no lineal, capaz de auto sintonizarse mediante el uso de expresiones analíticas que relacionen los tiempos de difusión con el módulo del gradiente. Se exponen dos métodos numéricos y se presentan resultados experimentales en 1D, 2D y 3D

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poorer satisfaction with diabetes-related treatment and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the possible association of vitamin D deficiency with self-reported treatment satisfaction and health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We performed a sub-analysis of a previous study and included a total of 292 type 2 diabetic patients. We evaluated treatment satisfaction and health-related quality of life through specific tools: the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25 (OH) D serum levels < 15 ng/mL. RESULTS: Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with both outcomes once adjusted for self-reported patient characteristics. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with the final score of the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire and the single 'diabetes-specific quality of life' dimension of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (p = 0.0198 and p = 0.0070, respectively). However, lower concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D were not associated with the overall quality of life score or the perceived frequency of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the association between vitamin D deficiency and both the self-reported diabetes treatment satisfaction and the diabetes-specific quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes

Automatic Method to Segment the Liver on Multi-Phase MRI

The detection and characterization of hepatic lesions is fundamental in clinical practice, from the diagnosis stages to the evolution of the therapeutic response. Magnetic resonance is a usual practice in the localization and quantification of hepatic lesions [1]. Multi-phase automatic segmentation of the liver is illustrated in T1 weighted images. This task is necessary for detecting the lesions. The proposed liver segmentation is based on 3D anisotropic diffusion processing without any control parameter. Combinations of edge detection techniques, histogram analysis, morphological post-processing and evolution of an active contour have been applied to the liver segmentation. The active contour evolution is based on the minimization of variances in luminance between the liver and its closest neighborhood

Circulating vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis and systematic review of case-control and prospective cohort studies

The associations between circulating vitamin D concentrations and total and site-specific colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence have been examined in several epidemiological studies with overall inconclusive findings. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of both case-control and prospective cohort studies was to evaluate the association between CRC and circulating levels of vitamin D. The main exposure and outcome were circulating total 25(OH)D and CRC, respectively, in the overall population (i.e., all subjects). Two reviewers, working independently, screened all the literature available to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria (e.g., case-control or prospective cohort studies, published in English, and excluding non-original papers). Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using a random or fixed effect model, as approriate. Heterogeneity was identified using the Cochran's Q-test and quantified by the I2 statistic. Results were stratified by study design, sex, and metabolite of vitamin D. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also performed. A total of 28 original studies were included for the quantitative meta-analysis. Meta-analyses comparing the highest vs lowest categories, showed a 39% lower risk between levels of total 25(OH)D and CRC risk (OR (95% CI): 0.61 (0.52; 0.71); 11 studies) in case-control studies; whereas a 20% reduced CRC risk in prospective cohort studies (HR (95% CI): 0.80 (0.66; 0.97); 6 studies). Results in women mirrored main results, whereas results in men were non-significant in both analyses. Our findings support an inverse association between circulating vitamin D levels and CRC risk