Stakeholder opposition in a foreign direct investment: Case Botnia's pulp mill in Uruguay

Firms frequently decide to invest in foreign countries and projects. These international projects involve various actors called stakeholders, who can have a positive or a negative influence on the firm. The aim of this research is to examine the opposition that arises in international projects and how this resistance is practiced, analyzing the firm-stakeholder and stakeholder-stakeholder relationships that emerge during a conflict in a foreign direct investment. The theoretical framework is based on stakeholder theory. In previous literature, only few studies have examined the behavior and the existing relationships among stakeholder groups. In addition, opposition has been analyzed as exerted against the firm, and there is lack of exploration on how resistance can be shown against other stakeholder groups, leading to complex relationships during a conflict. The research is conducted through the analysis of Botnia case. Data consists of newspaper articles, and they are analyzed using qualitative content analysis as a method. Results show that stakeholders can develop supportive or opposing relationships with other groups, and that these relationships are usually dynamic and changeable. Besides, the analysis identifies several opposition tactics, which can be utilized at both direct and indirect levels. These tactics are further examined utilizing Den Hond and De Bakker's (2007) classification of tactics. The study contributes to stakeholder literature by showing how previous research on opposition can be utilized to understand resistance among stakeholders, and how stakeholder relationships can emerge as a method to show resistance. In addition, it highlights the importance of understanding stakeholder behaviors in international projects, so managers can learn how to identify and anticipate opposition tactics in order to ensure the project success

Transition from Fixed-dosing to Symptom-triggered Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in the Intensive Care Unit of a Community Hospital

Background/Purpose: In the United States, 2 to 7% of heavy alcohol users admitted to the hospital for general medical care will develop severe alcohol withdrawal (AW) requiring treatment. The most dangerous complications of AW are delirium tremens and seizures. Benzodiazepines (BZD) are considered first-line therapy, with varying modality options available to providers. Fixed-dosing has historically been used to manage AW. However, studies suggest that symptom-triggered therapy (STT) can decrease length of stay and BZD duration of therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current fixed-dose protocol and outline the transition to STT in the intensive care unit (ICU) at South Miami Hospital. Methodology: This was a retrospective chart review of patients treated for AW with a fixed-dose BZD protocol at South Miami Hospital. Data was obtained from November 2017 through December 2019. Patients were included if they were admitted to the ICU and underwent treatment for AW with chlordiazepoxide or lorazepam (intravenous or oral). Patients were excluded if age less than 18 years, pregnant, or with an allergy to BZD. Primary outcomes included amount of BZD(s) used, duration of BZD therapy, and time to symptom control. The secondary objectives were incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and length of stay in the critical care unit. Results: A total of 90 patients were reviewed, with 46 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Median chlordiazepoxide use was determined to be 75 mg daily. Sixty-five percent of patients received BZD therapy while asymptomatic, 26% continued BZDs after symptoms were controlled, and 9% used BZDs for the same duration as symptoms. The average duration of BZD therapy was 5.4 days, while time to symptom control was 4.25 days. BZD-related ADRs occurred in 46% of patients. In patients that experienced an ADR, 42% were receiving BZDs while asymptomatic or after symptoms were controlled. The length of stay in the ICU was 3 days, following which a majority of patients were transferred to a medical floor. Additional findings included 21% use of the AW PowerPlan and 30% use of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale Revised (CIWAR-Ar). As a result, the institution will be transitioning to STT for the management of AW. The BZD of choice will be lorazepam and nurses will monitor response to therapy. The escalation or de-escalation of therapy will be based on predetermined parameters, taking into account the patient’s presentation and scale score. Conclusions: The current fixed-dose protocol led to patients receiving unnecessary treatment for AW and consequently, a large percentage of patients experienced an ADR. Areas for improvement for appropriate patient monitoring were identified, given the lack of use of the AW PowerPlan and poor documentation of CIWA-Ar scores

Mecanismo de Protección de los Derechos fundamentales

El presente trabajo se propone explorar la aplicabilidad del mecanismo procesal del Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional ECI al problema de los asesinos permanentes y crecientes de lideres ambientales en Colombia. Para lograr ello, se abordan tres cuestiones principales que orientan respectivamente cada una de las 3 partes que componen el texto, procurando el desarrollo progresivo y ordenado de las mismas.Universidad Libre Sede Principal - Facultad de Derecho - Instituto de PosgradosThe present work intends to explore the applicability of the procedural mechanism of the ECI Unconstitutional State of Affairs to the problem of the permanent and growing murderers of environmental leaders in Colombia. To achieve this, three main issues that respectively guide each of the 3 parts that make up the text are addressed, seeking their progressive and orderly development

Mecanismo de Protección de los Derechos fundamentales

El presente trabajo se propone explorar la aplicabilidad del mecanismo procesal del Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional ECI al problema de los asesinos permanentes y crecientes de lideres ambientales en Colombia. Para lograr ello, se abordan tres cuestiones principales que orientan respectivamente cada una de las 3 partes que componen el texto, procurando el desarrollo progresivo y ordenado de las mismas.Universidad Libre Sede Principal - Facultad de Derecho - Instituto de PosgradosThe present work intends to explore the applicability of the procedural mechanism of the ECI Unconstitutional State of Affairs to the problem of the permanent and growing murderers of environmental leaders in Colombia. To achieve this, three main issues that respectively guide each of the 3 parts that make up the text are addressed, seeking their progressive and orderly development

A polytrauma patient with an unusual posterior fracture-dislocation of the femoral head: a case report

We report a case of a 27-year-old man who was involved in a high-speed car accident. He sustained multiple organ damage including multiple brain petechiae suggesting diffuse axonal damage, aortic dissection, retroperitoneal haematoma and a fracture-dislocation of the right hip with a femoral head fracture and an ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture. Due to the general condition of the patient, physiological stabilisation was prioritized, and at 2 weeks the fracture-dislocation of the hip was treated with a proximal femoral nail for the intertrochanteric fracture and Herbert screws for the femoral head fracture. Postoperatively, two episodes of recurrent hip dislocation occurred, and this was stabilized eventually with a Steinman pin inserted across the hip joint and taken out 1 month later. Weight-bearing was allowed according to clinical and radiographical assessments. Heterotopic ossification developed around the hip joint, but without evidence of AVN or osteoarthritis. At 18-months follow-up, the fractures had healed and the patient had a Harris Hip score of 79.1. Anatomical reduction and stable fixation of fracture-dislocations of the hip are important for achieving an acceptable result

Identificación de las representaciones de ambiente y educación ambiental que cirsulan en la escuela.

El propósito del presente artículo es identificar el tipo de representaciones sociales que manifiestan docentes y estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Bogotá, en relación con el ambiente y la educación ambiental, por ser éstas un cuerpo de conocimientos que permiten a los individuos establecer un sistema de valores, actitudes e ideas, que hacen inteligible la realidad ambiental y favorecen el establecimiento de vínculos a nivel colectivo, que se traducen en determinados tipos de prácticas sociales

Diseño y elaboración de manual de usuario e implementación Diseño y elaboración de manual de usuario e implementación al aplicativo hire me now de Sena.

Este proyecto tiene por objeto diseñar, elaborar, entregar un manual de implementación y de usuario para el aplicativo Hire Me Now, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades y expectativas de los directivos del Sena Regional Huila, Centro de la Industria, la Empresa y los Servicios, Neiva. Como última etapa del proyecto, se hace la entrega del Manual de implementación y de usuario a las personas designadas por las directivas como responsable del aplicativo en la oficina de contratación, verificando el cumplimiento de requisitos, necesidades y atendiendo las expectativas, realizando una capacitación y orientación sobre el mismo.This project aims to design, develop, deliver an implementation and user manual for the Hire Me Now application, taking into account the needs and expectations of the directors of the Sena Regional Huila, Center for Industry, Business and Services, Neiva. As the last stage of the project, the Implementation and User Manual is delivered to the people designated by the directives as responsible for the application in the contracting office, verifying compliance with requirements, needs and meeting expectations, carrying out training and orientation on it.1. Planteamiento del problema. -- 1.1. Descripción del problema. -- 1.2. Formulación del problema. -- 2. Justificación. -- 3. Objetivos. -- 3.1. Objetivo general. -- 3.2. Objetivos específicos. -- 4. Marco referencial. -- 4.1. Antecedentes. -- 4.1.1. Internacional. -- 4.1.2 nacional. -- 4.1.3. Local. -- 4.2. Marco teórico. -- 5. Diseño metodológico. -- 5.1 población. -- 5.2. Instrumento de recolección de información. -- 5.3. Planificación y preparación. -- 6. Presupuesto. -- 7. Conclusiones

Bioeconomy ecosystem in Argentina: Rosario city experience

La formación de capacidades técnicas sobre bioeconomía por medio de alianzas estratégicas es una de las formas en la que se puede apoyar en el desarrollo de profesionales capacitados para enfrentar los retos del siglo XXI, a su vez, la virtualidad facilita el intercambio de conocimiento con personas internacionales expertas. En ese sentido, este documento describe los resultados del trabajo conjunto entre el Ministerio de Educación argentino y el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la agricultura (IICA) en la creación de una metodología mixta para el posgrado internacional “Bioeconomía para la Agroindustria y los Territorios Rurales: buenas prácticas y lecciones aprendidas”, haciendo especial énfasis en la gira de campo a la ciudad de Rosario, uno de los polos que ha desarrollo diferentes iniciativas en innovación bioeconómica. Dar a conocer estos proyectos permite que se (re)conozca el trabajo que ha realizado el Estado argentino en la materia y además que se visibilice la valía de continuar construyendo profesionales en bioconomía por medio de la cooperación técnica. Además, facilita que se puedan replicar estas oportunidades de aprendizaje en otras latitudes. Finalmente, gracias a la metodología implementada se visibiliza el potencial con el que cuenta Argentina para adoptar una estrategia basada en bioeconomía.The development of technical capabilities in the bioeconomy through strategic alliances is one of the ways in which support can be provided for the development of professionals trained to face the challenges of the 21st century, while virtuality facilitates exchanges of knowledge with international experts. This document describes the results of the joint work between the Argentine Ministry of Education and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) in the creation of a mixed methodology for the international postgraduate course "Bioeconomy for Agroindustry and Rural Territories: good practices and lessons learned," with special emphasis on the field trip to the city of Rosario, one of the centers that has developed various initiatives in bioeconomic innovation. Publicizing these projects allows the work done by the Argentine State in this area to be (re)known and makes visible the value of continuing to build professionals in bioeconomics through technical cooperation. It also facilitates the replication of these learning opportunities in other latitudes. Finally, thanks to the methodology implemented, Argentina's potential to adopt a bioeconomy-based strategy is made visible