El aprendizaje en tiempos de pandemia. Voces de estudiantes del Profesorado de Inglés (UNMdP)

El presente trabajo se encuentra enmarcado en el proyecto (2020- 2021) del grupo GIIEFOD (Grupo de investigaciones en idiomas, educación y formación docente): Estudiantes y docentes en contextos de formación III: indagación del proceso de construcción del conocimiento del Saber/Ser docente en el Profesorado de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata a partir de narrativas, (auto) biografías y diarios reflexivos. Pretende relatar las experiencias de un  grupo de estudiantes de primer año del profesorado de inglés en tiempos de aislamiento por el COVID 19. Las autoras, docentes en cuatro asignaturas del primer año de dicha carrera,  junto a una alumna avanzada,  llevaron a  cabo una encuesta virtual durante el primer y el segundo cuatrimestre de cursada del año lectivo 2020. Las preguntas de esta encuesta apuntaban a dilucidar cómo los alumnos y alumnas vivenciaron la experiencia del aprendizaje en modo virtual, aspirando a generar un encuentro de reflexión sobre sus procesos de construcción de saberes en tiempos de pandemia, en cuarentena. Del análisis de dichas encuestas surgieron los primeros hallazgos que en forma de narrativa relatan las experiencias de los y las estudiantes en este periodo de aislamiento, siguiendo una línea de investigación cualitativa de corte narrativ

Participative Management And Educational Quality In The Context Of Plan Colombia Institutional Improvement In Schools

The purpose is to understand the meanings that educational actors of the Magdalena - Colombia, assign to the Plan of Institutional Improvement; Instrument where the macro, meso and micro of the educational policy converge, considering Participatory Management and Educational Quality. From a qualitative approach, a sociocritical paradigm, processes of reflection, analysis, understanding and conferring meanings are generated, through the formation of focus groups (managers, teachers, students, parents). The results show gaps between the normative and the operationalization of the plan; we conclude on the need for a strategic culture of participation for decision making as the basis of school management..El propósito es comprender los significados que actores educativos del Magdalena – Colombia, asignan al Plan de Mejoramiento Institucional; instrumento donde confluyen lo macro, meso y micro de la política educativa, considerando la Gestión Participativa y Calidad Educativa. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, paradigma sociocrítico, se generan procesos de reflexión, análisis, comprensión y conferimiento de significados, mediante la conformación de grupos focales (directivos, docentes, estudiantes, padres). Los resultados evidencian brechas entre lo normativo y la operacionalización del plan; se concluye en, la necesidad de una cultura estratégica de participación para la toma de decisiones como fundamento de la gestión escola

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN