Año Internacional de los Bosques: Tópicos y realidades

Declarado “Año internacional de los bosques”, 2011 tenía como objetivo incrementar los esfuerzos para conservar las masas arbóreas del planeta y recordar los beneficios que nos proporcionan. Es el momento de despejar algunas cuestiones: ¿A qué llamamos bosques? ¿Qué evolución han tenido en nuestro país? ¿Cuál es la realidad sin tópicos ni eufemismos

Efectos del origen de la semilla en la regeneración post incendio en pinus pinaster. el caso de la Dehesa de Solanillos (Guadalajara)

El mal estado selvícola con que llegaron las masas forestales a fines del siglo XIX promovió una gestión centrada en incrementar densidades y en recuperar calveros. La carencia de medios de los Distritos Forestales permite asumir una introducción de semilla/planta de otras procedencias de P. pinaster, como se ha constatado en este trabajo en los pinares de la “Dehesa Común de Solanillos”, monte con un Proyecto de Ordenación que data de 1905 y de 6 Revisiones que recogen las actuaciones hasta 1983 y, en especial, las siembras y repoblaciones efectuadas desde la redacción del proyecto inicial. Tras un incendio las zonas repobladas no mostraron la regeneración que cabría esperar debido a la ausencia del carácter serótino de las piñas que sí tienen las piñas de la procedencia local. Se ha constatado que la regeneración natural en aquellos terrenos poblados antes del incendio con masa natural poseen densidades suficientes para asegurar la persistencia del pinar

Can we favour growth of multi-centennial beech trees by reducing competition of their offspring?

Evaluación del efecto de reducir la competencia entre hayas en el crecimiento de hayas centenarias y de porvenir

Xylem and soil CO2 fluxes in a Quercus pyrenaica Willd. coppice: Root respiration increases with clonal size

Xylem and soil CO2 fluxes in coppiced oak forests increase with clonal size suggesting larger expenditures of energy for root respiration. An imbalance between root demand and shoot production of carbohydrates may contribute to the degradation of abandoned coppices

El Hayedo de Montejo, mucho más que hayas

El Hayedo de Montejo, uno de los bosques más emblemáticos de la Comunidad de Madrid, es también uno de los mejor conocidos y más estudiados gracias a un convenio de colaboración entre la Comunidad de Madrid y la Escuela de Montes de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). Seguimiento del clima, inventarios forestales, estudios genéticos o ecofisiológicos y procesos de dispersión son algunos de los trabajos que vienen desarrollándose desde hace más de 17 años. Gracias a ellos descubrimos que El Hayedo de Montejo es mucho más que un bosque de hayas

Los Olmos empiezan a recuperar sus territorios

El artículo describe la problemática de la grafiosis y el papel del proyecto LIFE+"Olmos Vivos" (LIFE13 BIO/ES/000556)en la recuperación de los olmos

Quercus pyrenaica coppices II : Degradation takes roots on its historical management

Physiological performance of Quercus pyrenaica in relation to clonal structure and traditional us

The LIFE + ELM project “Elms Alive” for the restoration of Ulmus minor and Ulmus laevis in Spain

The degradation of European elm stands due to the negative impact of humaninduced changes in riparian ecosystems and the emergence of the highly aggressive Dutch elm disease (DED) pathogens prompted several elm breeding programs. In Spain, seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to DED were recently selected and the small and fragmented Ulmus laevis populations were proven to be native. With this background, the LIFE+ ELM project (2014-2019; slogan “elms alive”; www.olmosvivos.es) has the overall objectives of monitoring acclimation of selected clones to riparian habitats presumed to be suitable for reintroduction (within the Tagus river basin), and to gain experience and ecological knowledge for future implementation of large scale elm restoration activities. It also intends to recover the use of elms as an ornamental shade tree in urban landscaping. By now, 11,156 individuals have been planted in forest and urban green areas, representing 67% of the total planned plantations. Plant material consists of clonal copies of the seven Ulmus minor clones obtained by micropropagation and U. laevis seedlings from two relict populations in the restoration area. The limited attractiveness of this last species for the elm bark beetles points to a low risk of DED damage in U. laevis. Due to the lack of earlier restoration attempts, it will be necessary to evaluate factors such as distance to the river, elevation, soil humidity, and incidence of pests, diseases and herbivory to form conclusions about the adaptability and survival of each elm genotype and species. To this end, experimental plots have been established in the restoration areas and preliminary results show a significant genotype x environment interaction. The ultimate goal is for the populations of both elm species to reach sexual maturity so they can contribute to gene flow and conservation of native genetic resources. Another key aim of LIFE + ELM is to transfer the knowledge and experience gained in the project to other players in forest restoration and the general public

The LIFE + ELM project “Elms Alive” for the restoration of Ulmus minor and Ulmus laevis in Spain

The degradation of European elm stands due to the negative impact of humaninduced changes in riparian ecosystems and the emergence of the highly aggressive Dutch elm disease (DED) pathogens prompted several elm breeding programs. In Spain, seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to DED were recently selected and the small and fragmented Ulmus laevis populations were proven to be native. With this background, the LIFE+ ELM project (2014-2019; slogan “elms alive”; www.olmosvivos.es) has the overall objectives of monitoring acclimation of selected clones to riparian habitats presumed to be suitable for reintroduction (within the Tagus river basin), and to gain experience and ecological knowledge for future implementation of large scale elm restoration activities. It also intends to recover the use of elms as an ornamental shade tree in urban landscaping. By now, 11,156 individuals have been planted in forest and urban green areas, representing 67% of the total planned plantations. Plant material consists of clonal copies of the seven Ulmus minor clones obtained by micropropagation and U. laevis seedlings from two relict populations in the restoration area. The limited attractiveness of this last species for the elm bark beetles points to a low risk of DED damage in U. laevis. Due to the lack of earlier restoration attempts, it will be necessary to evaluate factors such as distance to the river, elevation, soil humidity, and incidence of pests, diseases and herbivory to form conclusions about the adaptability and survival of each elm genotype and species. To this end, experimental plots have been established in the restoration areas and preliminary results show a significant genotype x environment interaction. The ultimate goal is for the populations of both elm species to reach sexual maturity so they can contribute to gene flow and conservation of native genetic resources. Another key aim of LIFE + ELM is to transfer the knowledge and experience gained in the project to other players in forest restoration and the general public

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally