Incorporación de nuevos recursos docentes a la asignatura “Introducción a la Biología Aplicada a Bioprocesos”

Memoria ID-0016. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Incorporación de nuevos recursos docentes a las asignaturas de “Bioquímica” y “Procesos Bioquímicos y metabólicos”

Memoria ID-0044. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

La página web personal en Diarium y el blog: nuevas herramientas docentes para la enseñanza en Bioquímica

Memoria ID12-0117. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013

La biología molecular en medicina

Trabajos para la evaluación de las competencias transversales[ES]Este documento recoge los trabajos de competencias transversales presentados por los estudiantes de 1º del Grado en Medicina en relación con el bloque de Biología Molecular de la asignatura de "Procesos Bioquímicos y Metabólicos". Por una parte, se analiza el mecanismo de acción de compuestos empleados en la clínica, y por otra, las causas moleculares de enfermedades, sus principales síntomas y su tratamiento

Nuevas metodologías para la evaluación de las competencias transversales en la asignatura de “Bioquímica” de 1º del Grado en Medicina

Memoria ID-0101. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

Ingredientes funcionales

[ES]Trabajos de competencias transversales de los alumnos del 1o. Grado en Medicina. Este trabajo se centra en los ingredientes funcionales. Se entiende por ingrediente funcional aquel que, al existir de manera natural ó ser incorporado a un alimento, proporciona un beneficio no nutricional a la salud. En otros casos, el hecho de que un alimento no contenga un ingrediente determinado, proporciona un beneficio adicional en comparación al alimento que sí lo contiene. En todos los casos, es imprescindible que exista evidencia científica de tal beneficio. Los estudiantes debían indicar la estructura y características de un ingrediente funcional, los alimentos a los que se añade ó de los que es eliminado, los posibles beneficios para la salud y mecanismo bioquímico implicado y si existen evidencias científicas de tal beneficio

Inhibidores enzimáticos como fármacos con interés biomédico

Se propuso a los alumnos de 1º del Grado en Medicina la elaboración de unos trabajos en grupo para poder evaluar las competencias transversales. Este trabajo se centra en inhibidores enzimáticos con aplicación clínica. Se entiende por inhibidor enzimático aquella molécula capaz de inhibir una reacción, bien irreversible ó reversiblemente. Muchos de los fármacos empleados en la actualidad basan su mecanismo de acción en la inhibición del paso limitante de una ruta metabólica. Los estudiantes debían indicar la estructura y características del inhibidor enzimático, sus nombres comerciales (si existen), la reacción química ó ruta metabólica sobre la que actúa, el mecanismo de acción (inhibidor irreversible, suicida, inhibición reversible competitiva etc.) y las enfermedades en las que se emplea como fármaco. El resultado de estos trabajos se ha compendiado en este escrito para su difusión en conocimiento abierto en el repositorio institucional de la Universidad de Salamanca

Postimplant intraperitoneal behavior of collagen-based meshes followed by laparoscopy

17 p.Background When repairing an abdominal wall defect, sometimes a prosthetic mesh needs to be placed directly on the parietal peritoneum. Although the standard mesh for this purpose is the laminar implant expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), it is gradually being replaced by the laminar collagen-based meshes. This study was designed to assess the intraperitoneal behavior of three of these biomeshes, mainly in terms of their susceptibility to adhesion formation. Methods Two 3-cm x 3-cm fragments of prosthetic material were placed on the parietal peritoneum in male New Zealand White rabbits in the following combinations: PTFE and CollaMend®, PTFE and Permacol®, or PTFE and Surgisis®. The meshes were fixed at the four corners with individual 4/0 polypropylene sutures. Adhesion formation was quantified by sequential laparoscopy and image analysis performed at 3, 7, 14, and 90 days postimplant. All animals were killed at 90 days and the mesh specimens were subjected to microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results Intensely vascularized adhesions to all the implants were observed, although Surgisis showed the lowest percentage of adhesions at each follow-up time. Adhesions had stabilized by 7-14 days. The PTFE meshes were enveloped by a layer of macrophages and connective tissue, bounded by a monolayer of mesothelial cells. Permacol and CollaMend showed similar histological behavior, including cell ingrowth through their fenestrations with no signs of degradation detected at 90 days. In contrast, the Surgisis mesh at 90 days was practically replaced with neoformed tissue. Conclusions No difference in susceptibility to adhesion formation was noted in the crosslinked collagen meshes compared to PTFE meshes. The noncrosslinked collagen mesh Surgisis showed the best behavior in that it induced fewer adhesions. Ninety days after implant, a more intense macrophage response was observed in CollaMend and Permacol than in PTFE or Surgisis.Fundación Mutua Madrileñ

Long-term mortality and trajectory of potassium easurements following an episode of acute severe hyperkalemia

Background: Hyperkalaemia is a common condition in patients with comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) or congestive heart failure (HF). Moreover, severe hyperkalaemia is a potentially life-threatening condition that is associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical events such as ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Currently, data regarding the prognostic implications of chronic hyperkalaemia are available; however, information about the long-term clinical consequences after an episode of severe hyperkalaemia remains scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the trajectory of potassium measurements in patients with acute hyperkalaemia and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study that included patients with acute severe hyperkalaemia [potassium (K) >6 mEq/L] without haemolysis in the emergency room of Dr Peset University Hospital in Valencia, Spain searching the lab database from January 2016 to March 2017. The multivariable-adjusted association of serum potassium with mortality was assessed by using comprehensive state-of-the-art regression methods that can accommodate time-dependent exposure modelling. Results: We found 172 episodes of acute hyperkalaemia in 160 patients in the emergency room. The mean ± standard deviation age of the sample was 77 ± 12 years and 60.5% were males. The most frequent comorbidities were CKD (71.2%), HF (35%) and diabetes mellitus (56.9%). Only 11.9% of the patients were on chronic dialysis. A quarter of the patients did not have previous CKD, making hyperkalaemia an unpredictable life-threatening complication. During the acute episode, mean potassium and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were 6.6 ± 0.6 (range 6.1-9.2) mEq/L and 23 ± 16 (range 2-84) mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. After a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 17.3 (2.2-23.7) months, 68 patients died (42.5%). Recurrences of hyperkalaemia (K >5.5 mEq/L) were detected in 39.5% of the patients who were monitored during follow-up. We found that previous potassium levels during an acute severe hyperkalaemia episode were not predictors of mortality. Conversely, the post-discharge longitudinal trajectories of potassium were able to predict all-cause mortality (overall P = 0.0015). The effect of transitioning from hyperkalaemia to normokalaemia (K >5.5 mEq/L to K ≤5.5 mEq/L) after the acute episode was significant, and inversely associated with the risk of mortality. Conclusions: Potassium levels prior to a severe hyperkalaemic event do not predict mortality. Conversely, following an episode of acute severe hyperkalaemia, serial kinetics of potassium trajectories predict the risk of death. Further evidence is needed to confirm these findings and clarify the optimal long-term management of these patients

Doublecortin in the fish visual system, a specific protein of maturing neurons Biology-basel

Doublecortin (DCX) is an essential protein in the development of the central nervous system and in lamination of the mammalian cortex. It is known that the expression of DCX is restricted to newborn neurons. The visual system of teleost fish has been postulated as an ideal model since it continuously grows throughout the animal’s life. Here, we report a comparative expression analysis of DCX between two teleost fish species as well as a bioinformatic analysis with other animal groups. Our results demonstrate that DCX is very useful for identifying new neurons in the visual systems of Astatotilapia burtoni, but is absent in Danio rerio.This research was funded by Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Sanidad. Centro en Red de Terapia Celular de la Junta de Castilla y León, grant number GRS2167/1/2020. L. DeOliveira-Mello was supported by a grant from The University of Salamanca and Santander Bank during her predoctoral period